HP W.14.03 User manual

Access Security Guide

ProCurve Switches

W.14.03

2910al

www.procurve.com

HP ProCurve 2910al Switch

February 2009

W.14.03

Access Security Guide

L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change with-

This document contains proprietary information, which is

protected by copyright. No part of this document may be

photocopied, reproduced, or translated into another lan-

gauge without the prior written consent of Hewlett-Packard.

Publication Number

5992-5439

February 2009

Applicable Products

HP ProCurve 2910al-24G Switch J9145A

HP ProCurve 2910al-48G Switch J9147A

HP ProCurve 2910al-24G-PoE+ Switch J9146A

HP ProCurve 2910al-48G-PoE+ Switch J9148A

HP ProCurve 2-Port 10-GbE SFP+ al Module J9008A

HP ProCurve 2-Port 10-GbE CX4 al Module J9149A

HP ProCurve 10-GbE al Interconnect Kit J9165A

Trademark Credits

Microsoft, Windows, and Microsoft Windows NT are U.S.

registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Software Credits and Notices

SSH on ProCurve Switches is based on the OpenSSH soft-

ware toolkit. This product includes software developed by

the OpenSSH Project for use in the OpenSSH Toolkit. For

more information on OpenSSH, visit www.openssh.com.

SSL on ProCurve Switches is based on the OpenSSL software

toolkit. This product includes software developed by the

OpenSSL Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit. For more

information on OpenSSL, visit

www.openssl.org.

This product includes cryptographic software written by

Eric Young (eay@cryptsoft.com). This product includes

software written by Tim Hudson ([email protected]).

Portions of the software on ProCurve switches are based on

the lightweight TCP/IP (lwIP) software toolkit by Adam

Dunkels, and are covered by the following notices.

and binary forms, with or without modification, are

permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above

copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following

disclaimer.

2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above

copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following

disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials

provided with the distribution.

3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or

promote products derived from this software without

specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR ``AS IS''

AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLU-

DING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRAN-

TIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PAR-

TICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT

SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, IN-

DIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CON-

SEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIM-

ITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR

SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSI-

NESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY

THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,

STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE

OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE

OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSI-

BILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

This product includes software written by Adam Dunkels

([email protected]).

Disclaimer

The information contained in this document is subject to

change without notice.

HEWLETT-PACKARD COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTY

OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL,

INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED

WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS

FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Hewlett-Packard shall not

be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or

consequential damages in connection with the furnishing,

performance, or use of this material.

The only warranties for HP products and services are set

forth in the express warranty statements accompanying

such products and services. Nothing herein should be

construed as constituting an additional warranty. HP shall

not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions

contained herein.

Hewlett-Packard assumes no responsibility for the use or

reliability of its software on equipment that is not furnished

by Hewlett-Packard.

Warranty

See the Customer Support/Warranty booklet included with

the product.

A copy of the specific warranty terms applicable to your

Hewlett-Packard products and replacement parts can be

obtained from your HP Sales and Service Office or

authorized dealer.

Hewlett-Packard Company

8000 Foothills Boulevard, m/s 5551

Roseville, California 95747-5551

www.procurve.com

Contents

Product Documentation

About Your Switch Manual Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix

Printed Publications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix

Electronic Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix

Software Feature Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xx

1 Security Overview

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

About This Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

For More Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-2

Access Security Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-3

Network Security Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7

Getting Started with Access Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

Physical Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10

Quick Start: Using the Management Interface Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11

CLI: Management Interface Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-12

Web: Management Interface Wizard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13

SNMP Security Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-16

Precedence of Security Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18

Precedence of Port-Based Security Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18

Precedence of Client-Based Authentication:

Dynamic Configuration Arbiter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-18

Network Immunity Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-19

Arbitrating Client-Specific Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-20

ProCurve Identity-Driven Manager (IDM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-22

iii

2 Configuring Username and Password Security

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3

Configuring Local Password Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

Menu: Setting Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6

CLI: Setting Passwords and Usernames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8

Web: Setting Passwords and Usernames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

SNMP: Setting Passwords and Usernames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-9

Saving Security Credentials in a

Config File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

Disabling the Clear Password Function of the Clear Button

Re-Enabling the Clear Button on the Switch’s Front Panel

Benefits of Saving Security Credentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-10

Enabling the Storage and Display of Security Credentials . . . . . . . . 2-11

Security Settings that Can Be Saved . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-11

Local Manager and Operator Passwords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-12

Password Command Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-13

SNMP Security Credentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-14

802.1X Port-Access Credentials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

TACACS+ Encryption Key Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-15

RADIUS Shared-Secret Key Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

SSH Client Public-Key Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-16

Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-19

Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-21

Front-Panel Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23

When Security Is Important . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-23

Front-Panel Button Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24

Clear Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-24

Reset Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25

Restoring the Factory Default Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-25

Configuring Front-Panel Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-26

on the Switch’s Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-29

and Setting or Changing the “Reset-On-Clear” Operation . . . . . 2-30

Changing the Operation of the Reset+Clear Combination . . . . . 2-31

Password Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-32

iv

Disabling or Re-Enabling the Password Recovery Process . . . . 2-32

Password Recovery Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-34

3 Web and MAC Authentication

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

Web Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-2

MAC Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Concurrent Web and MAC Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3

Authorized and Unauthorized Client VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-4

RADIUS-Based Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Wireless Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

How Web and MAC Authentication Operate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5

Web-based Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6

MAC-based Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-8

Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-10

Operating Rules and Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-11

Setup Procedure for Web/MAC Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

Before You Configure Web/MAC Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-13

Configuring the RADIUS Server To Support MAC Authentication . . 3-15

Configuring the Switch To Access a RADIUS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-16

Configuring Web Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-18

Configuration Commands for Web Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-19

Show Commands for Web Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-26

Configuring MAC Authentication on the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-32

Configuration Commands for MAC Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-33

Show Commands for MAC-Based Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-36

Client Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-42

v

4 TACACS+ Authentication

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1

Viewing the Switch’s Current TACACS+

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-2

Terminology Used in TACACS Applications: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-3

General System Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

General Authentication Setup Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5

Configuring TACACS+ on the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

Before You Begin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-8

CLI Commands Described in this Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-9

Viewing the Switch’s Current Authentication Configuration . . . . . . . 4-9

Server Contact Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-10

Configuring the Switch’s Authentication Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11

Using the Privilege-Mode Option for Login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-11

Authentication Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

Configuring the TACACS+ Server for Single Login . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13

Configuring the Switch’s TACACS+ Server Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-18

How Authentication Operates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-24

General Authentication Process Using a TACACS+ Server . . . . . . . . 4-24

Local Authentication Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-25

Using the Encryption Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26

General Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26

Encryption Options in the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-26

Controlling Web Browser Interface

Access When Using TACACS+ Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-27

Messages Related to TACACS+ Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28

Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-29

5 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Authentication Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-3

Accounting Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

vi

RADIUS-Administered CoS and Rate-Limiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4

SNMP Access to the Switch’s Authentication Configuration MIB . . . 5-4

Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5

Switch Operating Rules for RADIUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-6

General RADIUS Setup Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-7

Configuring the Switch for RADIUS Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8

Outline of the Steps for Configuring RADIUS Authentication . . . . . . 5-9

1. Configure Authentication for the Access Methods

You Want RADIUS To Protect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10

2. Enable the (Optional) Access Privilege Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13

3. Configure the Switch To Access a RADIUS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15

4. Configure the Switch’s Global RADIUS Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17

Using SNMP To View and Configure

Switch Authentication Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21

Changing and Viewing the SNMP Access Configuration . . . . . . . . . . 5-22

Local Authentication Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-24

Controlling Web Browser Interface Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25

Commands Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-26

Enabling Authorization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27

Displaying Authorization Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28

Configuring Commands Authorization on a RADIUS Server . . . . . . 5-28

Using Vendor Specific Attributes (VSAs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28

Example Configuration on Cisco Secure ACS for MS Windows 5-30

Example Configuration Using FreeRADIUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32

Additional RADIUS Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-34

Configuring RADIUS Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-35

Operating Rules for RADIUS Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37

Steps for Configuring RADIUS Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37

1. Configure the Switch To Access a RADIUS Server . . . . . . . . . 5-38

2. Configure Accounting Types and the Controls for

Sending Reports to the RADIUS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-40

3. (Optional) Configure Session Blocking and

Interim Updating Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42

Viewing RADIUS Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-43

vii

General RADIUS Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-43

RADIUS Authentication Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-45

RADIUS Accounting Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-46

Changing RADIUS-Server Access Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-47

Messages Related to RADIUS Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-50

6 Configuring RADIUS Server Support

for Switch Services

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1

RADIUS Server Configuration for

Viewing the Currently Active Per-Port CoS and Rate-Limiting

Contrasting Dynamic (RADIUS-Assigned) and

How a RADIUS Server Applies a RADIUS-Assigned

Example of Configuring a RADIUS-assigned ACL Using the

Format Details for ACEs Configured in a

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3

Per-Port CoS (802.1p Priority) and Rate-Limiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-4

Applied Rates for RADIUS-Assigned Rate Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-5

Configuration Specified by a RADIUS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-6

Configuring and Using RADIUS-Assigned Access Control Lists . . . 6-9

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-9

Overview of RADIUS-Assigned, Dynamic ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-12

Static ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-13

ACL to a Switch Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-14

General ACL Features, Planning, and Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-15

The Packet-filtering Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-16

Operating Rules for RADIUS-Assigned ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17

Configuring an ACL in a RADIUS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-17

Nas-Filter-Rule-Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-18

Configuring ACE Syntax in RADIUS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-19

Example Using the Standard Attribute (92) In an IPv4 ACL . . . 6-20

FreeRADIUS Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-21

RADIUS-Assigned ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-23

Configuration Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24

viii

Configuring the Switch To Support RADIUS-Assigned

ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-24

Displaying the Current RADIUS-Assigned ACL Activity

Causes of Client Deauthentication Immediately

on the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-26

ICMP Type Numbers and Keywords . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-28

Event Log Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-29

After Authenticating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30

Monitoring Shared Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30

7 Configuring Secure Shell (SSH)

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-2

Terminology

Steps for Configuring and Using SSH

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-3

Prerequisite for Using SSH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

Public Key Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-4

for Switch and Client Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5

General Operating Rules and Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-7

Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

1. Assigning a Local Login (Operator) and

Enable (Manager) Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8

2. Generating the Switch’s Public and Private Key Pair . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9

Configuring Key Lengths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12

3. Providing the Switch’s Public Key to Clients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-12

4. Enabling SSH on the Switch and Anticipating SSH

Client Contact Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-15

5. Configuring the Switch for SSH Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19

6. Use an SSH Client To Access the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-23

Further Information on SSH Client Public-Key Authentication . 7-23

Messages Related to SSH Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-29

Logging Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30

Debug Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-30

ix

8 Configuring Secure Socket Layer (SSL)

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-1

Overview

Steps for Configuring and Using SSL for Switch and Client

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-2

Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3

Prerequisite for Using SSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5

Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5

General Operating Rules and Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6

Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7

1. Assigning a Local Login (Operator) and

Enabling (Manager) Password . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-7

2. Generating the Switch’s Server Host Certificate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-8

To Generate or Erase the Switch’s Server Certificate

Generate a Self-Signed Host Certificate with the Web

Generate a CA-Signed server host certificate with the

with the CLI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-9

Comments on Certificate Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-10

browser interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-12

Web browser interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15

3. Enabling SSL on the Switch and Anticipating SSL

Browser Contact Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-17

Using the CLI Interface to Enable SSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19

Using the Web Browser Interface to Enable SSL . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19

Common Errors in SSL setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-21

9 IPv4 Access Control Lists (ACLs)

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4

Overview of Options for Applying IPv4 ACLs on the Switch . . . . . . 9-6

Static ACLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6

Dynamic Port ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-6

Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-10

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14

Types of IPv4 ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14

x

ACL Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14

What Is the Difference Between Network (or Subnet)

Rules for Defining a Match Between a Packet and an

A Configured ACL Has No Effect Until You Apply It

You Can Assign an ACL Name or Number to an Interface

Static Port ACL and Dynamic Port ACL Applications . . . . . . . . . 9-15

Dynamic (RADIUS-assigned) Port ACL Applications . . . . . . . . . 9-15

Multiple ACLs on an Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16

Features Common to All ACL Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-16

General Steps for Planning and Configuring ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-18

IPv4 Static ACL Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20

The Packet-filtering Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-20

Planning an ACL Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-24

IPv4 Traffic Management and Improved Network Performance . . . 9-24

Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-25

Guidelines for Planning the Structure of a Static ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-26

IPv4 ACL Configuration and Operating Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-27

How an ACE Uses a Mask To Screen Packets for Matches . . . . . . . . 9-28

Masks and the Masks Used with ACLs? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-28

Access Control Entry (ACE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-29

Configuring and Assigning an IPv4 ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-34

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-34

General Steps for Implementing ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-34

Options for Permit/Deny Policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-35

ACL Configuration Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-35

Standard ACL Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-36

Extended ACL Configuration Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-37

ACL Configuration Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39

The Sequence of Entries in an ACL Is Significant . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-39

Allowing for the Implied Deny Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-41

to an Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-41

Even if the ACL Does Not Exist in the Switch’s Configuration . 9-41

Using the CLI To Create an ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-42

General ACE Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-42

Using CIDR Notation To Enter the IPv4 ACL Mask . . . . . . . . . . 9-43

xi

Configuring Standard ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-44

Configuring Named, Standard ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-46

Creating Numbered, Standard ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-49

Configuring Extended ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-53

Configuring Named, Extended ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-55

Configuring Numbered, Extended ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-65

Adding or Removing an ACL Assignment On an Interface . . . . . . . 9-73

Filtering Inbound IPv4 Traffic Per Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-73

Deleting an ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-74

Editing an Existing ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-75

Using the CLI To Edit ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-75

General Editing Rules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-75

Sequence Numbering in ACLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-76

Inserting an ACE in an Existing ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-77

Deleting an ACE from an Existing ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-79

Resequencing the ACEs in an ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-80

Attaching a Remark to an ACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-81

Operating Notes for Remarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-84

Displaying ACL Configuration Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-85

Display an ACL Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-86

Display the Content of All ACLs on the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-87

Display Static Port ACL Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-88

Displaying the Content of a Specific ACL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-89

Display All ACLs and Their Assignments in the Routing

Switch Startup-Config File and Running-Config File . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-91

Monitoring Static ACL Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-92

Creating or Editing ACLs Offline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-94

Creating or Editing an ACL Offline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-94

The Offline Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-94

Enable ACL “Deny” Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-96

Requirements for Using ACL Logging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-96

ACL Logging Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-97

Enabling ACL Logging on the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-98

General ACL Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-99

xii

10 Configuring Advanced Threat Protection

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-1

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-2

DHCP Snooping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3

Enabling DHCP Snooping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-4

Enabling DHCP Snooping on VLANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-6

Configuring DHCP Snooping Trusted Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-7

Configuring Authorized Server Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8

Using DHCP Snooping with Option 82 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-8

Changing the Remote-id from a MAC to an IP Address . . . . . . 10-10

Disabling the MAC Address Check . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-10

The DHCP Binding Database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-11

Operational Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-12

Log Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-13

Dynamic ARP Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-15

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-15

Enabling Dynamic ARP Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-17

Configuring Trusted Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-17

Adding an IP-to-MAC Binding to the DHCP Database . . . . . . . . . . . 10-19

Configuring Additional Validation Checks on ARP Packets . . . . . . 10-20

Verifying the Configuration of Dynamic ARP Protection . . . . . . . . 10-20

Displaying ARP Packet Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-21

Monitoring Dynamic ARP Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-22

Using the Instrumentation Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-23

Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-24

Configuring Instrumentation Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-25

Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-26

Viewing the Current Instrumentation Monitor Configuration . . . . . 10-27

xiii

11

12

Traffic/Security Filters and Monitors

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-2

Filter Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3

Using Port Trunks with Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3

Filter Types and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-3

Source-Port Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4

Operating Rules for Source-Port Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-4

Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-5

Named Source-Port Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6

Operating Rules for Named Source-Port Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-6

Defining and Configuring Named Source-Port Filters . . . . . . . . 11-7

Viewing a Named Source-Port Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9

Using Named Source-Port Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-9

Static Multicast Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-15

Protocol Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-16

Configuring Traffic/Security Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-17

Configuring a Source-Port Traffic Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-18

Example of Creating a Source-Port Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-19

Configuring a Filter on a Port Trunk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-19

Editing a Source-Port Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-20

Configuring a Multicast or Protocol Traffic Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-21

Filter Indexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-22

Displaying Traffic/Security Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11-23

Configuring Port-Based and

User-Based Access Control (802.1X)

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-3

Why Use Port-Based or User-Based Access Control? . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-3

General Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-3

User Authentication Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-4

802.1X User-Based Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-4

xiv

802.1X Port-Based Access Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-5

Alternative To Using a RADIUS Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-6

Accounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-6

Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-6

General 802.1X Authenticator Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-9

Example of the Authentication Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-9

VLAN Membership Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-10

General Operating Rules and Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-12

General Setup Procedure for 802.1X Access Control . . . . . . . . . . 12-15

Do These Steps Before You Configure 802.1X Operation . . . . . . . . 12-15

Overview: Configuring 802.1X Authentication on the Switch . . . . . 12-18

Configuring Switch Ports as 802.1X Authenticators . . . . . . . . . . . 12-19

1. Enable 802.1X Authentication on Selected Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-20

A. Enable the Selected Ports as Authenticators and Enable

the (Default) Port-Based Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-20

B. Specify User-Based Authentication or Return to

Port-Based Authentication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-21

Example: Configuring User-Based 802.1X Authentication . . . . 12-22

Example: Configuring Port-Based 802.1X Authentication . . . . 12-22

2. Reconfigure Settings for Port-Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-22

3. Configure the 802.1X Authentication Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-26

4. Enter the RADIUS Host IP Address(es) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-27

5. Enable 802.1X Authentication on the Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-27

6. Optional: Reset Authenticator Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-28

7. Optional: Configure 802.1X Controlled Directions . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-28

Wake-on-LAN Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-29

Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-29

Example: Configuring 802.1X Controlled Directions . . . . . . . . 12-30

802.1X Open VLAN Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-31

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-31

VLAN Membership Priorities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-32

Use Models for 802.1X Open VLAN Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-33

Operating Rules for Authorized-Client and

Unauthorized-Client VLANs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-38

Setting Up and Configuring 802.1X Open VLAN Mode . . . . . . . . . . . 12-42

xv

13

802.1X Open VLAN Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-46

Option For Authenticator Ports: Configure Port-Security

To Allow Only 802.1X-Authenticated Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-47

Port-Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-48

Configuring Switch Ports To Operate As

Supplicants for 802.1X Connections to Other Switches . . . . . . . . 12-49

Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-49

Supplicant Port Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-51

Displaying 802.1X Configuration, Statistics, and Counters . . . . 12-53

Show Commands for Port-Access Authenticator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-53

Viewing 802.1X Open VLAN Mode Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-62

Show Commands for Port-Access Supplicant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-66

How RADIUS/802.1X Authentication Affects VLAN Operation . 12-67

VLAN Assignment on a Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-68

Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-68

Example of Untagged VLAN Assignment in a RADIUS-Based

Authentication Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-70

Enabling the Use of GVRP-Learned Dynamic VLANs

in Authentication Sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-73

Messages Related to 802.1X Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-75

Configuring and Monitoring Port Security

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-3

Port Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-4

Basic Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-4

Eavesdrop Protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5

Blocking Unauthorized Traffic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-5

Trunk Group Exclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-6

Planning Port Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-7

Port Security Command Options and Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-8

Port Security Display Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-8

Configuring Port Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-12

Retention of Static Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-17

xvi

MAC Lockdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-22

Differences Between MAC Lockdown and Port Security . . . . . . . . 13-24

MAC Lockdown Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-25

Deploying MAC Lockdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-26

MAC Lockout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-30

Port Security and MAC Lockout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-32

Web: Displaying and Configuring Port Security Features . . . . . . 13-33

Reading Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags . . . . . . . . . . . 13-33

Notice of Security Violations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-33

How the Intrusion Log Operates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-34

Keeping the Intrusion Log Current by Resetting Alert Flags . . . . . . 13-35

Menu: Checking for Intrusions, Listing Intrusion Alerts, and

Resetting Alert Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-36

CLI: Checking for Intrusions, Listing Intrusion Alerts,

and Resetting Alert Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-37

Using the Event Log To Find Intrusion Alerts

Web: Checking for Intrusions, Listing Intrusion

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-39

Alerts, and Resetting Alert Flags . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-40

Operating Notes for Port Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13-41

14 Using Authorized IP Managers

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-2

Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3

Access Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3

Defining Authorized Management Stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-3

Overview of IP Mask Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-4

Menu: Viewing and Configuring IP Authorized Managers . . . . . . . . . 14-5

CLI: Viewing and Configuring Authorized IP Managers . . . . . . . . . . . 14-6

Listing the Switch’s Current Authorized IP Manager(s) . . . . . . . 14-6

Configuring IP Authorized Managers for the Switch . . . . . . . . . . 14-6

Web: Configuring IP Authorized Managers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-8

Web Proxy Servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-8

How to Eliminate the Web Proxy Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-9

xvii

Using a Web Proxy Server to Access the Web Browser

Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-9

Web-Based Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-9

Building IP Masks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-10

Configuring One Station Per Authorized Manager IP Entry . . . . . . 14-10

Configuring Multiple Stations Per Authorized Manager IP Entry . . 14-10

Additional Examples for Authorizing Multiple Stations . . . . . . . . . 14-12

Operating Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14-13

15 Key Management System

Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-1

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-2

Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-2

Configuring Key Chain Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-3

Creating and Deleting Key Chain Entries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-3

Assigning a Time-Independent Key to a Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-4

Assigning Time-Dependent Keys to a Chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15-5

Index

xviii

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