Juniper JUNOSE Configuration manual

JUNOSe™ Software

for E Series™ Routing Platforms

BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Release 11.0.x

Juniper Networks, Inc.

1194 North Mathilda Avenue

Sunnyvale, California 94089

USA

408-745-2000

www.juniper.net

Published: 2009-12-30

Juniper Networks, the Juniper Networks logo, JUNOS, NetScreen, ScreenOS, and Steel-Belted Radius are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. in

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6,538,518, 6,538,899, 6,552,918, 6,567,902, 6,578,186, and 6,590,785.

JUNOSe™ Software for E Series™ Routing Platforms BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Release 11.0.x

Writing: Subash Babu Asokan, Bruce Gillham, Brian Wesley Simmons, Fran Singer, Megha Shaseendran, Krupa Chandrashekar, Chander Aima, Poornima

Goswami, Hema Priya J, Sairam Venugopalan

Editing: Benjamin Mann

Illustration: Brian Wesley Simmons, Nathaniel Woodward

Cover Design: Edmonds Design

Revision History

January 2010—FRS JUNOSe 11.0.x

The information in this document is current as of the date listed in the revision history.

YEAR 2000 NOTICE

Juniper Networks hardware and software products are Year 2000 compliant. The JUNOS Software has no known time-related limitations through the year

2038. However, the NTP application is known to have some difficulty in the year 2036.

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Abbreviated Table of Contents

About the Documentation xxxiii

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing 3

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 2 MPLS Overview 201

Chapter 3 Configuring MPLS 263

Chapter 4 Monitoring MPLS 311

Chapter 5 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications 373

Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS

Chapter 6 Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview 503

Chapter 7 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 523

Chapter 8 Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 557

Part 4 Virtual Private LAN Service

Chapter 9 VPLS Overview 569

Chapter 10 Configuring VPLS 583

Chapter 11 Monitoring VPLS 607

Part 5 Virtual Private Wire Service

Chapter 12 VPWS Overview 639

Chapter 13 Configuring VPWS 651

Chapter 14 Monitoring VPWS 665

Part 6 Index

Index 685

Abbreviated Table of Contents ■ vii

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JUNOSe 11.0.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Table of Contents

About the Documentation xxxiii

E Series and JUNOSe Documentation and Release Notes ..........................xxxiii

Audience ..................................................................................................xxxiii

E Series and JUNOSe Text and Syntax Conventions ..................................xxxiii

Obtaining Documentation .........................................................................xxxv

Documentation Feedback ..........................................................................xxxv

Requesting Technical Support ....................................................................xxxv

Self-Help Online Tools and Resources ................................................xxxvi

Opening a Case with JTAC ..................................................................xxxvi

Part 1 Border Gateway Protocol

Chapter 1 Configuring BGP Routing 3

Overview .........................................................................................................3

Conventions in This Chapter .....................................................................3

Autonomous Systems ...............................................................................4

BGP Speaker .............................................................................................5

BGP Peers and Neighbors .........................................................................5

BGP Session ..............................................................................................5

IBGP and EBGP .........................................................................................6

Interior Gateway Protocols ........................................................................6

BGP Messages ...........................................................................................7

BGP Route .................................................................................................8

Routing Information Base .........................................................................8

Prefixes and CIDR .....................................................................................9

Path Attributes ........................................................................................10

Transit and Nontransit Service ................................................................11

IPv6 BGP Support ...................................................................................12

Exchange of IPv6 Routing Information over TCP IPv4 ......................12

Exchange of IPv6 Routing Information over TCP IPv6 ......................13

Link-Local Next Hops in MP-BGP Packets .........................................13

Platform Considerations ................................................................................14

References ....................................................................................................14

Features ........................................................................................................16

Before You Configure BGP .............................................................................17

Configuration Tasks .......................................................................................17

Table of Contents ■ ix

Basic Configuration .......................................................................................17

Enabling BGP Routing .............................................................................17

Understanding BGP Command Scope .....................................................18

Inheritance of Configuration Values ........................................................20

Limitations on Inheritance ................................................................24

Setting the BGP Identifier ........................................................................24

Configuring Neighbors ............................................................................25

Configuring BGP Peer Groups ........................................................................26

Setting the Peer Type ..............................................................................28

Assigning a Description ..........................................................................28

Logging Neighbor State Changes .............................................................29

Specifying a Source Address for a BGP Session .......................................30

Specifying Peers That Are Not Directly Connected ..................................31

Specifying a Single-Hop Connection for IBGP Peers ................................33

Controlling the Number of Prefixes .........................................................33

Removing Private AS Numbers from Updates .........................................34

Checking AS Path Length ........................................................................35

Enabling MD5 Authentication on a TCP Connection ...............................36

Setting the Maximum Size of Update Messages ......................................37

Setting Automatic Fallover ......................................................................38

Setting Timers .........................................................................................38

Automatic Summarization of Routes .......................................................39

Administrative Shutdown ........................................................................39

Configuring BGP for Overload Conditions ...............................................40

Enabling Route Storage in Adj-RIBs-Out Tables .......................................41

Effects of Changing Outbound Policies .............................................42

Configuring the Address Family ..............................................................43

Enabling Lenient Behavior ......................................................................46

Configuring Promiscuous Peers and Dynamic Peering ............................47

Configuring Passive Peers .......................................................................49

Advertising Routes ........................................................................................50

Prefixes Originating in an AS ..................................................................50

Advertising Best Routes ..........................................................................52

Redistributing Routes into BGP ...............................................................53

Redistributing Routes from BGP ..............................................................54

Configuring a Default Route ....................................................................55

Advertising Default Routes ...............................................................55

Redistributing Default Routes ...........................................................56

Setting a Static Default Route ...........................................................57

Setting the Minimum Interval Between Routing Updates ........................58

Aggregating Routes .................................................................................59

Advertising Inactive Routes .....................................................................62

Verifying an AS Path ...............................................................................62

Advertising IPv4 Routes Between IPv6 BGP Peers ...................................63

Advertising Routes Conditionally ............................................................63

Advertising a Route Only When Another Route is Present ................66

Advertising a Route Only When Another Route is Absent .................67

Advertising a Default Route Only When Another Route Is

Present ......................................................................................69

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JUNOSe 11.0.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

Configuring BGP Routing Policy .....................................................................70

Types of BGP Route Maps .......................................................................71

Applying Table Maps ...............................................................................81

Access Lists .............................................................................................83

Filtering Prefixes ..............................................................................83

Filtering AS Paths with a Filter List ...................................................87

Filtering AS Paths with a Route Map .................................................90

Configuring the Community Attribute .....................................................92

Community Lists .....................................................................................95

Resetting a BGP Connection ....................................................................98

Changing Policies Without Disruption .....................................................99

Soft Reconfiguration .........................................................................99

Route-Refresh Capability ................................................................100

Cooperative Route Filtering ............................................................100

Configuring Route Flap Dampening ......................................................102

Global Route Flap Dampening ........................................................102

Policy-Based Route Flap Dampening ..............................................104

Policy Testing .......................................................................................105

Selecting the Best Path ................................................................................106

BGP Path Decision Algorithm ................................................................107

Configuring Next-Hop Processing .........................................................107

Next Hops ......................................................................................108

Next-Hop-Self .................................................................................110

Assigning a Weight to a Route ..............................................................112

Using the neighbor weight Command ............................................112

Using a Route Map .........................................................................113

Using an AS-Path Access List ..........................................................113

Configuring the Local-Pref Attribute ......................................................115

Using the bgp default local-preference Command ..........................116

Using a Route Map to Set the Local Preference ...............................117

Understanding the Origin Attribute .......................................................117

Understanding the AS-Path Attribute ....................................................120

Configuring a Local AS ..........................................................................121

Configuring the MED Attribute ..............................................................122

Missing MED Values .......................................................................125

Comparing MED Values Within a Confederation ............................125

Capability Negotiation ...........................................................................126

Cooperative Route Filtering ............................................................127

Dynamic Capability Negotiation .....................................................127

Four-Octet AS Numbers ..................................................................128

Graceful Restarts ............................................................................128

Route Refresh .................................................................................132

Interactions Between BGP and IGPs ............................................................133

Synchronizing BGP with IGPs ................................................................133

Disabling Synchronization ..............................................................134

Setting the Administrative Distance for a Route ....................................136

Configuring Backdoor Routes ................................................................139

Setting the Maximum Number of Equal-Cost Multipaths .......................140

Detecting Peer Reachability with BFD .........................................................141

BFD and BGP Graceful Restart ..............................................................143

Table of Contents ■ xi

Table of Contents

Managing a Large-Scale AS ..........................................................................143

Configuring a Confederation .................................................................144

Configuring Route Reflectors ................................................................148

Route Reflection and Redundancy ..................................................149

Route Reflection and Looping .........................................................150

Configuring BGP Multicasting ......................................................................153

Monitoring BGP Multicast Services ........................................................156

Using BGP Routes for Other Protocols .........................................................156

Configuring BGP/MPLS VPNs .......................................................................157

Testing BGP Policies ....................................................................................157

Monitoring BGP ...........................................................................................158

Part 2 Multiprotocol Layer Switching

Chapter 2 MPLS Overview 201

MPLS Overview ...........................................................................................202

Conventions for MPLS Topics ......................................................................202

MPLS Terms and Acronyms ........................................................................203

MPLS Features .............................................................................................206

MPLS Platform Considerations ....................................................................207

MPLS References .........................................................................................207

MPLS Label Switching and Packet Forwarding ............................................209

MPLS LSRs ............................................................................................210

MPLS Label Switching: Push, Look Up, and Pop ....................................210

MPLS Label Stacking .............................................................................211

MPLS Labels and Label Spaces ..............................................................212

TTL Processing in the Platform Label Space ..........................................213

TTL Processing on Incoming MPLS Packets ....................................214

TTL Processing on Outgoing MPLS Packets ....................................215

MPLS Rules for TTL Expiration .......................................................217

MPLS Label Distribution Methodology .........................................................218

Mapping IP Data Packets onto MPLS LSPs ...................................................220

Statistics for IP Packets Moving On or Off MPLS LSPs .................................222

MPLS Forwarding and Next-Hop Tables ......................................................224

Spoof Checking MPLS Packets .....................................................................225

IP and IPv6 Tunnel Routing Tables and MPLS Tunnels ................................225

Explicit Routing for MPLS ............................................................................226

MPLS Interfaces and Interface Stacking .......................................................227

MPLS Major Interfaces ..........................................................................227

MPLS Minor Interfaces ..........................................................................228

MPLS Shim Interfaces ...........................................................................228

Interface Stacking .................................................................................228

MPLS Label Distribution Protocols ...............................................................229

LDP Messages and Sessions ..................................................................230

RSVP-TE Messages and Sessions ...........................................................231

RSVP-TE State Refresh and Reliability ...................................................232

BGP Signaling .......................................................................................232

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JUNOSe 11.0.x BGP and MPLS Configuration Guide

ECMP Labels for MPLS ................................................................................233

MPLS Connectivity and ECMP ...............................................................233

Supported TLVs .....................................................................................234

MPLS Connectivity Verification and Troubleshooting Methods ....................235

LDP Discovery Mechanisms ........................................................................236

LDP Basic Discovery Mechanism ..........................................................237

LDP Extended Discovery Mechanism ....................................................237

MPLS Traffic Engineering ............................................................................238

LSP Backup ...........................................................................................238

Path Option ..........................................................................................238

Reoptimization .....................................................................................239

Methods for Configuring RSVP-TE Tunnels ...........................................239

Tracking Resources for MPLS Traffic Engineering .................................239

Starting Admission Control .............................................................240

Admission Control Interface Table .................................................240

Configuring Traffic-Engineering Resources .....................................240

LSP Preemption ....................................................................................241

Topology-Driven LSPs .................................................................................241

LDP over RSVP-TE ................................................................................241

LDP Graceful Restart ...................................................................................242

LDP-IGP Synchronization ............................................................................244

Synchronization Behavior During Graceful Restart ................................245

Synchronization Behavior on LAN Interfaces ........................................246

Synchronization Behavior on IGP Passive Interfaces .............................246

Synchronization and TE Metrics ............................................................246

Determining Peer Reachability with RSVP-TE Hello Messages .....................246

Hello Message Objects ..........................................................................247

Hello Message Instances .......................................................................247

Sequence of Hello Message Exchange ...................................................247

Determination That a Peer Has Reset ...................................................248

Behavior of the Requesting Peer .....................................................248

Behavior of the Acknowledging Peer ..............................................248

Behavior of Both Peers ...................................................................248

RSVP-TE Graceful Restart ............................................................................249

Announcement of the Graceful Restart Capability .................................249

Restarting Behavior ...............................................................................249

Recovery Behavior ................................................................................250

Preservation of an Established LSP Label ..............................................251

RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node IDs .............................................................251

BFD Protocol and RSVP-TE ..........................................................................252

Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services Overview ................................253

Pipe and Short Pipe Models ..................................................................253

Uniform Model ......................................................................................254

EXP Bits for Differentiated Services Overview .............................................254

Incoming Traffic ...................................................................................254

Outgoing Traffic ....................................................................................254

Setting the EXP Bits for Outgoing Traffic ...............................................255

Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Overview ..............................................................257

Using E Series Routers as Egress LSRs ..................................................258

Point-to-Multipoint LSPs Configuration ........................................................260

Configuring an E Series Router as an Egress Router ..............................260

Table of Contents ■ xiii

Table of Contents

Chapter 3 Configuring MPLS 263

Basic MPLS Configuration Tasks ..................................................................264

MPLS Global Configuration Tasks ................................................................265

MPLS Global Tasks ................................................................................265

LDP Global Tasks ..................................................................................266

RSVP-TE Global Tasks ...........................................................................268

LDP and RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks ..............................269

LDP Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands ...................269

RSVP-TE Interface Profile Configuration Tasks and Commands ............269

MPLS Interface Configuration Tasks ............................................................270

MPLS Interface Tasks ............................................................................270

LDP Interface Tasks ..............................................................................271

RSVP-TE Interface Tasks .......................................................................271

MPLS Tunnel Configuration Tasks ...............................................................272

MPLS Tunnel Profile Configuration Tasks ....................................................273

Configuring Explicit Routing for MPLS .........................................................275

Defining Configured Explicit Paths ........................................................276

Specifying Configured Explicit Paths on a Tunnel .................................276

Configuring Dynamic Explicit Paths on a Tunnel ..................................277

Additional LDP Configuration Tasks ............................................................277

Configuring LDP FEC Deaggregation ...........................................................277

Configuring LDP Graceful Restart ................................................................278

Configuring LDP Autoconfiguration .............................................................279

Configuring LDP-IGP Synchronization .........................................................280

Configuring LDP MD5 Authentication ..........................................................281

Controlling LDP Label Distribution ..............................................................282

Additional RSVP-TE Configuration Tasks .....................................................282

Configuring RSVP MD5 Authentication ........................................................283

Configuring RSVP-TE Fast Rerouting with RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels ............284

Configuration Example .........................................................................286

Fast Reroute over SONET/SDH ..............................................................286

Configuring RSVP-TE Hello Messages to Determine Peer Reachability .........287

Configuring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart .........................................................288

Configuring RSVP-TE Hellos Based on Node IDs ..........................................289

Configuring the BFD Protocol for RSVP-TE ..................................................290

Configuring IGPs and MPLS .........................................................................291

Configuring IGPs and MPLS ..................................................................292

Configuring the IGPs for Traffic Engineering ...................................293

Configuring MPLS and Differentiated Services .............................................295

Configuring the Tunneling Model for Differentiated Services .......................295

Configuring EXP Bits for Differentiated Services ..........................................296

Example Differentiated Services Application and Configuration ..................296

Differentiated Services Configuration Example .....................................297

Classifying Traffic for Differentiated Services ..............................................299

Configuring Static EXP-to-PHB Mapping ................................................301

Signaled Mapping for RSVP-TE Tunnels ................................................301

Preference of per-VR Versus per-LSP Behavior ......................................304

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Example Traffic Class Configuration for Differentiated Services ..................304

Configuration on the Ingress Router .....................................................306

Configuration on the Ingress and Transit Routers .................................307

Configuration on the Transit and Egress Routers ..................................308

Chapter 4 Monitoring MPLS 311

Setting the Baseline for MPLS Statistics .......................................................312

Setting a Baseline for MPLS Major Interface Statistics ...........................312

Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Forwarding Table

Statistics .........................................................................................313

Enabling and Setting a Baseline for MPLS Next-Hop Table Statistics .....314

Setting a Baseline for MPLS Tunnel Statistics ........................................314

Enabling Statistics Collection for Policies Attached to MPLS Tunnels .....314

Clearing and Re-Creating Dynamic Interfaces from MPLS Major

Interfaces ..............................................................................................315

Clearing and Refreshing IPv4 Dynamic Routes in the Tunnel Routing

Table .....................................................................................................315

Clearing and Refreshing IPv6 Dynamic Routes in the Tunnel Routing

Table .....................................................................................................315

Tracing Paths Through the MPLS User Plane ...............................................316

Monitoring ATM VCs and VPI/VCI Ranges Used for MPLS ............................316

Monitoring Global Call Admission Control Configuration .............................318

Monitoring Interfaces Configured with Traffic Engineering Bandwidth

Accounting ............................................................................................318

Monitoring Virtual Router Configuration ......................................................319

Monitoring IP and IPv6 Tunnel Routing Tables ............................................319

Monitoring LDP ...........................................................................................321

Monitoring MPLS Label Bindings .................................................................323

Monitoring LDP Graceful Restart .................................................................324

Monitoring Interfaces That are Synchronizing with LDP ..............................325

Monitoring LDP Interfaces ...........................................................................326

Monitoring LDP Neighbors ..........................................................................328

Monitoring LDP Profiles ..............................................................................330

Monitoring LDP Statistics ............................................................................331

Monitoring LDP Targeted Hello Receive and Send Lists ...............................333

Monitoring MPLS Status and Configuration .................................................334

Monitoring MPLS Explicit Paths ...................................................................337

Monitoring the RSVP-TE Bypass Tunnels .....................................................337

Monitoring MPLS Labels Used for Forwarding .............................................338

Monitoring MPLS Interfaces ........................................................................339

Monitoring MPLS Minor Interfaces ..............................................................345

Monitoring MPLS Next Hops .......................................................................347

Monitoring the Configured Mapping between PHB IDs and Traffic Class/Color

Combinations .......................................................................................348

Monitoring RSVP-TE Profiles and MPLS Tunnel Profiles ...............................349

Monitoring RSVP Path State Control Blocks, Reservation State Control Blocks,

or Sessions ............................................................................................350

Monitoring RSVP MD5 Authentication .........................................................354

Monitoring RSVP-TE Interfaces Where BFD is Enabled ................................355

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Monitoring RSVP-TE Interface Counters ......................................................356

Monitoring RSVP-TE Graceful Restart ..........................................................358

Monitoring RSVP-TE Hello Adjacency Instances ..........................................359

Monitoring Status and Configuration for MPLS Tunnels ...............................361

Verifying and Troubleshooting MPLS Connectivity ......................................363

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or IPv6 Address ..........364

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an IP or IPv6

Address ..........................................................................................364

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini Circuit ..................364

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a Martini

Circuit ............................................................................................364

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or IPv6

Prefix .............................................................................................364

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an L3VPN IP or

IPv6 Prefix .....................................................................................365

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE Tunnel .............365

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to an RSVP-TE

Tunnel ............................................................................................365

Sending an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS Instance ...................365

Tracing the Path of an MPLS Echo Request Packet to a VPLS

Instance .........................................................................................365

Packet Flow Examples for Verifying MPLS Connectivity ..............................365

Packet Flow Examples for MPLS LSPs to an IP Prefix ............................366

Packet Flow Example for the ping mpls Command ........................366

Packet Flow Example for the trace mpls Command .......................368

Packet Flows for ping and trace to L3VPN IPv4 Prefixes .......................369

Inter-AS Topology ...........................................................................371

Packet Flows to L3VPN IPv6 Prefixes ....................................................372

Chapter 5 Configuring BGP-MPLS Applications 373

Overview .....................................................................................................373

Address Families ...................................................................................374

Equal-Cost Multipath Support ................................................................375

BGP/MPLS VPN Components ................................................................376

VPN-IPv4 Addresses ..............................................................................379

Route Targets ........................................................................................379

Distribution of Routes and Labels with BGP ..........................................380

Platform Considerations ..............................................................................383

References ..................................................................................................383

Transporting Packets Across an IP Backbone with MPLS .............................384

Configuring IPv6 VPNs ................................................................................388

Intra-AS IPv6 VPNs ......................................................................................389

BGP Control Plane Behavior ..................................................................390

CE–PE Behavior ....................................................................................390

PE–PE Behavior ....................................................................................391

MPLS Data Plane Behavior ....................................................................391

Providing IPv4 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems ............391

Inter-AS Option A ..................................................................................392

Inter-AS Option B ..................................................................................392

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Inter-AS Option C ..................................................................................396

Inter-AS Option C with Route Reflectors ...............................................398

Providing IPv6 VPN Services Across Multiple Autonomous Systems ............399

Using Route Targets to Configure VPN Topologies .......................................400

Full-Mesh VPNs .....................................................................................400

Hub-and-Spoke VPNs ............................................................................401

Overlapping VPNs .................................................................................402

Constraining Route Distribution with Route-Target Filtering ........................404

Exchanging Route-Target Membership Information ..............................405

Receiving and Sending RT-MEM-NLRI Routing Updates ........................406

Conditions for Advertising RT-MEM-NLRI Routes ..................................408

Advertising a Default Route ..................................................................408

Route Selection When Route-Target Filtering Is Enabled .......................410

Configuring Route-Target Filtering ........................................................411

Multicast Services over VPNs .......................................................................412

Configuring BGP VPN Services ....................................................................412

VRF Configuration Tasks .......................................................................412

PE Router Configuration Tasks ..............................................................414

Creating a VRF ......................................................................................415

Specifying a Route Distinguisher ...........................................................416

Defining Route Targets for VRFs ...........................................................416

Setting Import and Export Maps for a VRF ............................................420

Characteristics of Import and Global Import Maps ..........................421

Characteristics of Export and Global Export Maps ..........................422

Subsequent Distribution of Routes .................................................423

Creating a Map ...............................................................................423

Export Maps ...................................................................................423

Global Export Maps ........................................................................424

Import Maps ...................................................................................424

Global Import Maps ........................................................................425

Global Export of IPv6 VPN Routes into the Global BGP IPv6 RIB ...........426

Assigning an Interface to a VRF ............................................................426

Defining Secondary Routing Table Lookup ...........................................428

Adding Static Routes to a VRF ...............................................................429

Configuring IGPs on the VRF .................................................................430

Configuring the IGP in the VRF Context ..........................................430

Configuring the IGP Outside the VRF Context .................................431

Disabling Automatic Route-Target Filtering ...........................................432

Creating Labels per FEC ........................................................................432

Configuring PE-to-PE LSPs ....................................................................434

Enabling BGP Routing ...........................................................................434

Enabling BGP ECMP for BGP/MPLS VPNs ..............................................434

Enabling VPN Address Exchange ..........................................................437

Configuring PE-to-CE BGP Sessions .......................................................438

Advertising Static Routes to Customers .................................................439

Advertising IGP Routes to Customers ....................................................439

Disabling the Default Address Family ...................................................440

Using a Single AS Number for All CE Sites ............................................441

Preventing Routing Loops .....................................................................442

Advertising Prefixes with Duplicate AS Numbers ..................................445

Controlling Route Importation ..............................................................446

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Deleting Routes for a VRF .....................................................................447

Enabling VRF–to–VR Peering ................................................................448

Achieving Fast Reconvergence in VPN Networks ..................................449

Fast Reconvergence with Unique RDs ............................................450

Fast Reconvergence by Means of Reachability Checking ................451

Configuring BGP to Send Labeled and Unlabeled Unicast Routes ..........452

BGP Next-Hop-Self ................................................................................453

BGP Processing of Received Routes ......................................................454

Labeled Unicast Routes ..................................................................454

Unlabeled Unicast Routes ...............................................................454

Resolving IPv6 Indirect Next Hops .................................................454

Labeled VPN Routes .......................................................................454

BGP Advertising Rules for Labeled and Unlabeled Routes with the Same

AFI .................................................................................................455

Providing Internet Access to and from VPNs ...............................................455

Enabling Traffic Flow from the VPN to the Internet ..............................456

Problems ........................................................................................456

Solutions ........................................................................................456

Configuring a Default Route to a Shared Interface ..........................456

Configuring a Fallback Global Option .............................................457

Configuring a Global Import Map for Specific Routes ......................458

Creating a BGP Session Between the CE Router and the Parent VR .......459

Enabling Traffic Flow from the Internet to the VPN ..............................461

Static Routes to a Shared IP Interface .............................................461

Global Export Map ..........................................................................462

Carrier-of-Carriers IPv4 VPNs ......................................................................463

Customer Carrier as an Internet Service Provider .................................464

Configuration Steps ........................................................................465

Customer Carrier as a VPN Service Provider .........................................466

Configuration Steps ........................................................................467

Enabling Carrier-of-Carriers Support on a VRF ......................................468

Carrier-of-Carriers Using BGP as the Label Distribution Protocol ...........469

Carrier-of-Carriers IPv6 VPNs ......................................................................469

Connecting IPv6 Islands Across IPv4 Clouds with BGP ................................470

Connecting IPv6 Islands Across Multiple IPv4 Domains ........................471

Configuring IPv6 Tunneling over IPv4 MPLS .........................................472

OSPF and BGP/MPLS VPNs ..........................................................................473

Distributing OSPF Routes from CE Router to PE Router ........................474

Distributing Routes Between PE Routers ...............................................474

Preserving OSPF Routing Information Across the MPLS/VPN

Backbone .......................................................................................474

OSPF Domain Identifier Attribute ...................................................474

OSPF Route Type Attribute .............................................................475

Distributing OSPF Routes from PE Router to CE Router ........................475

Preventing Routing Loops .....................................................................476

Using Remote Neighbors to Configure OSPF Sham Links ......................476

OSPF Backdoor Links .....................................................................477

OSPF Sham Links ...........................................................................477

Configuration Tasks ..............................................................................479

Configuring VPLS ........................................................................................481

Configuring L2VPNs ....................................................................................481

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Monitoring BGP/MPLS VPNs ........................................................................481

Part 3 Layer 2 Services Over MPLS

Chapter 6 Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview 503

Layer 2 Services over MPLS Overview .........................................................503

Layer 2 Services over MPLS Platform Considerations ..................................504

Module Requirements ...........................................................................504

Interface Specifiers ...............................................................................505

Layer 2 Services over MPLS References ......................................................505

Layer 2 Services over MPLS Implementation ...............................................506

Local Cross-Connects Between Layer 2 Interfaces Using MPLS ....................507

MPLS Shim Interfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ................................507

Multiple Layer 2 Services over MPLS ...........................................................509

ATM Layer 2 Services over MPLS ................................................................509

AAL5 Encapsulation ..............................................................................510

OAM Cells .............................................................................................510

QoS Classification ...........................................................................511

Limitations .....................................................................................511

Control Word Support ....................................................................511

VCC Cell Relay Encapsulation ...............................................................512

AAL0 Raw Cell Mode ......................................................................512

Cell Concatenation Parameters .......................................................512

Cell Concatenation and Latency .....................................................512

Control Word Support ....................................................................513

Unsupported Features ....................................................................513

HDLC Layer 2 Services over MPLS ...............................................................513

Interface Stacking .................................................................................514

Encapsulation .......................................................................................514

Control Word Support ...........................................................................514

Local Cross-Connects ............................................................................514

CE-Side MPLS L2VPNs over LAG Overview ..................................................515

Ethernet Raw Mode Encapsulation for Martini Layer 2 Transport

Overview ..............................................................................................516

S-VLAN Subinterface with an Untagged C-VLAN ID Overview ......................518

Multiple ATM Virtual Circuits over a Single Pseudowire Overview ...............518

Guidelines for Configuring VPI/VCI Ranges of ATM Virtual Circuits .......521

Guidelines for Configuring Cell Concatenation and Cell Packing Timer

for an ATM Port ..............................................................................522

Performance Impact and Scalability Considerations .............................522

Chapter 7 Configuring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 523

Before You Configure Layer 2 Services over MPLS ......................................523

Configuring Frame Relay Layer 2 Services ..................................................524

Configuring Interoperation with Legacy Frame Relay Layer 2 Services ........524

Configuring Ethernet/VLAN Layer 2 Services ...............................................525

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Configuring S-VLAN Tunnels for Layer 2 Services ........................................526

Configuring Local Cross-Connects Between Ethernet/VLAN Interfaces .........527

Configuring Local ATM Cross-Connects with AAL5 Encapsulation ...............528

Configuring an MPLS Pseudowire with VCC Cell Relay Encapsulation .........530

Configuring HDLC Layer 2 Services .............................................................532

Configuring Local Cross-Connects for HDLC Layer 2 Services ...............533

Configuring CE-Side Load Balancing for Martini Layer 2 Transport ..............534

Configuring Many Shim Interfaces with the Same Peer, VC Type, and

VC ID ..............................................................................................534

Configuring Load-Balancing Groups ......................................................536

MPLS Interfaces and Labels ............................................................537

Configuring Load-Balancing Groups ................................................537

Adding a Member Interface to a Group Circuit ...............................537

Removing Member Subinterfaces from a Circuit ............................537

Frame Relay over MPLS Configuration Example ..........................................538

MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over VLAN over LAG Configuration Example ..............541

Configuration on CE1 (Local CE Router) ................................................542

Configuration on PE1 (Local PE Router) ................................................542

Configuration on PE2 (Remote PE Router) ............................................543

Configuration on CE2 (Remote CE Router) ............................................544

MPLS L2VPN Tunnel over LAG Configuration Example ................................545

Configuration on CE1 (Local CE Router) ................................................546

Configuration on PE1 (Local PE Router) ................................................546

Configuration on PE2 (Remote PE Router) ............................................547

Configuration on CE2 (Remote CE Router) ............................................548

Ethernet Raw Mode Encapsulation for Martini Layer 2 Transport

Examples ..............................................................................................548

S-VLAN Subinterface with an Untagged C-VLAN ID Examples .....................551

Multiple ATM Virtual Circuits over a Single Pseudowire Example ................554

Chapter 8 Monitoring Layer 2 Services over MPLS 557

Setting Baselines for Layer 2 Services over MPLS Statistics .........................557

Monitoring ATM Martini Cell Packing Timers for Layer 2 Services over

MPLS ....................................................................................................558

Monitoring ATM Subinterfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ...................558

Monitoring ATM Cross-Connects for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ................560

Monitoring MPLS Forwarding for Layer 2 Services over MPLS .....................561

Monitoring MPLS Layer 2 Interfaces for Layer 2 Services over MPLS ...........562

Part 4 Virtual Private LAN Service

Chapter 9 VPLS Overview 569

VPLS Overview ............................................................................................569

VPLS Components .......................................................................................570

VPLS Domains ......................................................................................570

Customer Edge Devices ........................................................................571

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