Nikon COOLPIX S9200 Reference guide

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Reference Manual
DIGITAL CAMERA
Trademark Information
Microsoft, Windows and Windows Vista are either registered trademarks or
trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
Macintosh, Mac OS, and QuickTime are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the
U.S. and other countries. The iFrame logo and the iFrame symbol are trademarks
of Apple Inc.
Adobe and Acrobat are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Inc.
SDXC, SDHC and SD Logos are trademarks of SD-3C, LLC.
PictBridge is a trademark.
HDMI, logo and High-Definition Multimedia Interface are
trademarks or registered trademarks of HDMI Licensing LLC.
All other trade names mentioned in this manual or the other documentation
provided with your Nikon product are trademarks or registered trademarks of
their respective holders.
AVC Patent Portfolio License
This product is licensed under the AVC Patent Portfolio License for the personal and
non-commercial use of a consumer to (i) encode video in compliance with the AVC
standard (“AVC video”) and/or (ii) decode AVC video that was encoded by a
consumer engaged in a personal and non-commercial activity and/or was
obtained from a video provider licensed to provide AVC video. No license is granted
or shall be implied for any other use. Additional information may be obtained from
MPEG LA, L.L.C.
See http://www.mpegla.com.
i
Introduction
Parts of the Camera and Basic Operations
The Basics of Shooting and Playback
Shooting Features
Playback Features
Recording and Playing Back Movies
Using GPS/Electronic Compass
(COOLPIX S9300 only)
General Camera Setup
Reference Section
Technical Notes and Index
ii
Introduction
Introduction
Read This First
Thank you for purchasing the Nikon COOLPIX S9300/S9200 digital camera.
Before using the camera, please read the information in “For Your Safety” (Avi) and
familiarize yourself with the information provided in this manual. After reading,
please keep this manual handy and refer to it to enhance your enjoyment of your
new camera.
Confirming the Package Contents
In the event that any items are missing, please contact the store where you
purchased the camera.
* A plug adapter is included if the camera was purchased in a country or region that requires
a plug adapter. The shape of the plug adapter varies with the country or region of
purchase.
NOTE: A memory card is not included with the camera.
COOLPIX S9300
Digital Camera
COOLPIX S9200
Digital Camera
Camera Strap
Rechargeable Li-ion
Battery EN-EL12
(with terminal cover)
Charging AC Adapter
EH-69P*
USB Cable UC-E6
Audio Video Cable EG-CP16 ViewNX 2 Installer CD Reference Manual CD
Warranty
or
iii
Read This First
Introduction
About This Manual
If you want to start using the camera right away, see “The Basics of Shooting and
Playback” (A13).
To learn about the parts of the camera and basic operations, see “Parts of the
Camera and Basic Operations” (A1).
Other Information
Symbols and Conventions
To make it easier to find the information you need, the following symbols and
conventions are used in this manual:
SD, SDHC and SDXC memory cards are referred to as “memory cards” in this manual.
The setting at the time of purchase is referred to as the “default setting.”
The names of menu items displayed in the camera monitor, and the names of
buttons or messages displayed on a computer monitor appear in bold.
In this manual, images are sometimes omitted from monitor and viewfinder
display samples so that monitor indicators can be more clearly shown.
Illustrations and monitor content shown in this manual may differ from the
actual product.
The COOLPIX S9300 is used for the illustrations and monitor contents in this
manual. Illustrations for both the COOLPIX S9300 and the COOLPIX S9200 are
provided when necessary.
Icon Description
B
This icon indicates cautions and information that should be read before
using the camera.
C
This icon marks notes, information that should be read before using the camera.
A/E/F
These icons indicate other pages containing relevant information;
E: “Reference Section”, F: “Technical Notes and Index.”
iv
Read This First
Introduction
Information and Precautions
Life-Long Learning
As part of Nikon’s “Life-Long Learning” commitment to ongoing product support and education,
continually updated information is available online at the following sites:
For users in the U.S.A.: http://www.nikonusa.com/
For users in Europe and Africa: http://www.europe-nikon.c om/support/
For users in Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East: http://www.nikon-asia.com/
Visit these sites to keep up-to-date with the latest product information, tips, answers to frequently
asked questions (FAQs), and general advice on digital imaging and photography. Additional
information may be available from the Nikon representative in your area. Visit the site below for
contact information:
http://imaging.nikon.com/
Use Only Nikon Brand Electronic Accessories
Nikon COOLPIX cameras are designed to the highest standards and include complex electronic
circuitry. Only Nikon brand electronic accessories (including battery chargers, batteries, Charging AC
Adapter and AC adapters) certified by Nikon specifically for use with this Nikon digital camera are
engineered and proven to operate within the operational and safety requirements of this electronic
circuitry.
THE USE OF NON-NIKON ELECTRONIC ACCESSORIES COULD DAMAGE THE CAMERA AND MAY
VOID YOUR
NIKON WARRANTY.
The use of third-party rechargeable Li-ion batteries not bearing the Nikon holographic seal could
interfere with normal operation of the camera or result in the batteries overheating, igniting,
rupturing, or leaking.
For more information about Nikon brand accessories, contact a local authorized Nikon dealer.
Before Taking Important Pictures
Before taking pictures on important occasions (such as at weddings or before taking the camera on
a trip), take a test shot to ensure that the camera is functioning normally. Nikon will not be held liable
for damages or lost profits that may result from product malfunction.
About the User’s Manual
No part of the documentation included with this product may be reproduced, transmitted,
transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language in any form, by any means,
without Nikon’s prior written permission.
Nikon will not be held liable for any damages resulting from the use of this product.
Nikon reserves the right to change the specifications of the hardware and software described in
the documentation at any time and without prior notice.
While every effort was made to ensure that the information in the documentation is accurate and
complete, we would appreciate it were you to bring any errors or omissions to the attention of the
Nikon representative in your area (address provided separately).
Holographic seal: Identifies this
device as an authentic Nikon product.
v
Read This First
Introduction
Notice Concerning Prohibition of Copying or Reproduction
Note that simply being in possession of material that was digitally copied or reproduced by means
of a scanner, digital camera or other device may be punishable by law.
Items prohibited by law from being copied or reproduced
Do not copy or reproduce paper money, coins, securities, government bonds or local government
bonds, even if such copies or reproductions are stamped “Sample.” The copying or reproduction of
paper money, coins, or securities which are circulated in a foreign country is prohibited. Unless the
prior permission of the government was obtained, the copying or reproduction of unused postage
stamps or post cards issued by the government is prohibited.
The copying or reproduction of stamps issued by the government and of certified documents
stipulated by law is prohibited.
Cautions on certain copies and reproductions
The government has issued cautions on copies or reproductions of securities issued by private
companies (shares, bills, checks, gift certificates, etc.), commuter passes, or coupon tickets, except
when a minimum of necessary copies are to be provided for business use by a company. Also, do
not copy or reproduce passports issued by the government, licenses issued by public agencies and
private groups, ID cards and tickets, such as passes and meal coupons.
Comply with copyright notices
The copying or reproduction of copyrighted creative works such as books, music, paintings,
woodcut prints, maps, drawings, movies, and photographs is governed by national and international
copyright laws. Do not use this product for the purpose of making illegal copies or to infringe
copyright laws.
Disposing of Data Storage Devices
Please note that deleting images or formatting data storage devices such as memory cards or
built-in camera memory does not completely erase the original image data. Deleted files can
sometimes be recovered from discarded storage devices using commercially available software,
potentially resulting in the malicious use of personal image data. Ensuring the privacy of such data is
the user’s responsibility.
Before discarding a data storage device or transferring ownership to another person, erase all data
using commercial deletion software, or format the device and then completely refill it with images
containing no private information (for example, pictures of empty sky). Be sure to also replace any
pictures selected for the Select an image option in the Welcome screen setting (A100). Care
should be taken to avoid injury or damage to property when physically destroying data storage
devices.
For the COOLPIX S9300, the log data saved on the memory card is handled in the same way as other
data. You can delete unsaved log data from the memory card using Create log End log Erase
log.
vi
Introduction
For Your Safety
To prevent damage to your Nikon product or injury to yourself or to others, read
the following safety precautions in their entirety before using this equipment.
Keep these safety instructions where all those who use the product will read them.
WARNINGS
Turn off in the event of
malfunction
Should you notice smoke or an unusual
smell coming from the camera or
Charging AC Adapter, unplug the
Charging AC Adapter and remove the
battery immediately, taking care to
avoid burns. Continued operation
could result in injury. After removing or
disconnecting the power source, take
the equipment to a Nikon-authorized
service representative for inspection.
Do not disassemble
Touching the internal parts of the
camera or Charging AC Adapter could
result in injury. Repairs should be
performed only by qualified
technicians. Should the camera or
Charging AC Adapter break open as the
result of a fall or other accident, take the
product to a Nikon-authorized service
representative for inspection, after
unplugging the product and/or
removing the battery.
Do not use the camera or
Charging AC Adapter in the
presence of flammable gas
Using the camera in the presence of
flammable gases such as propane and
gasoline, as well as flammable sprays or
dust could result in explosion or fire.
Handle the camera strap with
care
Never place the strap around the neck
of an infant or child.
Keep out of reach of children
Do not keep the products within reach
of children. Doing so may cause injury.
Particular care should be taken to
prevent infants from putting the
battery or other small parts into their
mouths.
Do not remain in contact with
the camera, Charging AC
Adapter, or AC adapter for
extended periods while the
devices are on or in use.
Parts of the devices become hot.
Leaving the devices in direct contact
with the skin for extended periods may
result in low-temperature burns.
This icon marks warnings, information that should be read before using this Nikon
product, to prevent possible injury.
vii
For Your Safety
Introduction
Observe caution when
handling the battery
The battery may leak, overheat, or
explode if improperly handled.
Observe the following precautions
when handling the battery for use in
this product:
Before replacing the battery, turn the
product off. If you are using the
Charging AC Adapter/AC adapter, be
sure it is unplugged.
Use only a Rechargeable Li-ion
Battery EN-EL12 (included). Charge
the battery by inserting it into the
camera and connecting the
Charging AC Adapter. EH-69P
(included).
When inserting the battery, do not
attempt to insert it upside down or
backwards.
Do not short or disassemble the
battery or attempt to remove or
break the battery insulation or
casing.
Do not expose the battery to flame
or to excessive heat.
Do not immerse in or expose to
water.
Replace the terminal cover when
transporting the battery. Do not
transport or store with metal objects
such as necklaces or hairpins.
The battery is prone to leakage when
fully discharged. To avoid damage to
the product, be sure to remove the
battery when no charge remains.
Discontinue use immediately should
you notice any change in the battery,
such as discoloration or
deformation.
If liquid from the damaged battery
comes in contact with clothing or
skin, rinse immediately with plenty
of water.
If leaked battery fluid gets into your
eyes, rinse them out immediately
with clean running water and get
medical treatment.
Do not attempt to charge batteries
that are not rechargeable.
Observe the following
precautions when handling
the Charging AC Adapter
Keep dry. Failure to observe this
precaution could result in fire or
electric shock.
Dust on or near the metal parts of
the plug should be removed with a
dry cloth. Continued use could result
in fire.
Do not handle the plug or go near
the Charging AC Adapter during
lightning storms. Failure to observe
this precaution could result in
electric shock.
Do not damage, modify, forcibly tug
or bend the USB cable, place it under
heavy objects, or expose it to heat or
flames. Should the insulation be
damaged and the wires become
exposed, take it to a Nikon-
authorized service representative for
inspection. Failure to observe these
precautions could result in fire or
electric shock.
viii
For Your Safety
Introduction
Do not handle the plug or Charging
AC Adapter with wet hands. Failure
to observe this precaution could
result in electric shock.
Do not use with travel converters or
adapters designed to convert from
one voltage to another or with DC-
to-AC inverters. Failure to observe
this precaution could damage the
product or cause overheating or fire.
Use appropriate cables
When connecting cables to the input
and output jacks, use only the cables
provided or sold by Nikon for the
purpose, to maintain compliance with
product regulations.
Handle moving parts with care
Be careful that your fingers or other
objects are not pinched by the lens
cover or other moving parts.
CD-ROMs
The CD-ROMs included with this device
should not be played back on audio CD
equipment. Playing CD-ROMs on an
audio CD player could cause hearing
loss or damage the equipment.
Observe caution when using
the flash
Using the flash close to your subject’s
eyes could cause temporary visual
impairment. Particular care should be
observed if photographing infants,
when the flash should be no less than
1 m (3 ft 4 in.) from the subject.
Do not operate the flash with
the flash window touching a
person or object
Failure to observe this precaution could
result in burns or fire.
Avoid contact with liquid crystal
Should the monitor break, care should
be taken to avoid injury caused by
broken glass and to prevent liquid
crystal from the monitor touching the
skin or entering the eyes or mouth.
Turn the power off when using
inside an airplane or the
hospital
Turn the power off while inside the
airplane during take off or landing.
Also, before boarding an airplane, set
the GPS tracking information recording
function to OFF (COOLPIX S9300). If
using in a hospital, be sure to follow the
instructions of the hospital. The
electromagnetic waves emitted by this
camera may disrupt the electronic
systems of the airplane or the
instruments of the hospital.
3D Images
Do not continuously view 3D images
recorded with this device for extended
periods, whether on a television,
monitor, or other display.
In the case of children whose visual
systems are still maturing, consult a
pediatrician or ophthalmologist prior
to use and follow their instructions.
Prolonged viewing of 3D images may
cause eye strain, nausea, or discomfort.
Cease use should any of these
symptoms occur and consult a
physician if necessary.
ix
Introduction
Notices
Notices for Customers in the
U.S.A.
IMPORTANT SAFETY
INSTRUCTIONS -
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS.
DANGER - TO REDUCE THE RISK OF
FIRE OR ELECTRIC SHOCK,
CAREFULLY FOLLOW THESE
INSTRUCTIONS
For connection to a supply not in the
U.S.A., use an attachment plug adapter
of the proper configuration for the
power outlet if needed.
The power supply unit is intended to
be correctly orientated in a vertical or
floor mount position.
Federal Communications
Commission (FCC) Radio
Frequency Interference
Statement
This equipment has been tested and
found to comply with the limits for a
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part
15 of the FCC rules. These limits are
designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful
interference in a residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses, and
can radiate radio frequency energy
and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instructions, may
cause harmful interference to radio
communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not
occur in a particular installation. If this
equipment does cause harmful
interference to radio or television
reception, which can be determined
by turning the equipment off and on,
the user is encouraged to try to correct
the interference by one or more of the
following measures:
Reorient or relocate the receiving
antenna.
Increase the separation between the
equipment and receiver.
Connect the equipment into an
outlet on a circuit different from that
to which the receiver is connected.
Consult the dealer or an
experienced radio/television
technician for help.
COOLPIX S9300
COOLPIX S9200
x
Notices
Introduction
CAUTIONS
Modifications
The FCC requires the user to be
notified that any changes or
modifications made to this device that
are not expressly approved by Nikon
Corporation may void the user’s
authority to operate the equipment.
Interface Cables
Use the interface cables sold or
provided by Nikon for your equipment.
Using other interface cables may
exceed the limits of Class B Part 15 of
the FCC rules.
Notice for Customers in the State of
California
WARNING
Handling the cord on this product will
expose you to lead, a chemical known
to the State of California to cause birth
defects or other reproductive harm.
Wash hands after handling.
Nikon Inc.,
1300 Walt Whitman Road,
Melville, New York 11747-3064
USA
Tel: 631-547-4200
Notice for Customers in Canada
CAUTION
This Class B digital apparatus complies
with Canadian ICES-003.
ATTENTION
Cet appareil numérique de la classe B
est conforme à la norme NMB-003 du
Canada.
N
otices for Customers in Europe
CAUTIONS
RISK OF EXPLOSION IF BATTERY IS
REPLACED BY AN INCORRECT
TYPE.
DISPOSE OF USED BATTERIES
ACCORDING TO THE
INSTRUCTIONS.
This symbol indicates that
this product is to be collected
separately.
The following apply only to
users in European countries:
This product is designated for
separate collection at an appropriate
collection point. Do not dispose of as
household waste.
For more information, contact the
retailer or the local authorities in
charge of waste management.
This symbol on the battery
indicates that the battery is
to be collected separately.
The following apply only to
users in European countries:
All batteries, whether marked with
this symbol or not, are designated for
separate collection at an appropriate
collection point. Do not dispose of as
household waste.
For more information, contact the
retailer or the local authorities in
charge of waste management.
xi
Introduction
<Important> Notes on GPS/electronic compass (COOLPIX S9300 only)
Location name data of this camera
Before using the GPS function, make sure to read "USER LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR
LOCATION NAME DATA (COOLPIX S9300 only)" (F7) and agree to the terms.
The location name information (Point of Interest: POI) for Japan is as of June 2011;
the location information for outside Japan is as of September 2011.
The location name information will not be updated.
Use the location name information only as a guide.
Notes on GPS/electronic compass
Do not operate the GPS/electronic compass while you are driving a car.
Use information (such as direction) measured by the camera as a guideline only.
This information cannot be used for navigation of an airplane, car, and person or
land survey applications.
When you use the camera for mountain climbing or trekking, be sure to take a
map, navigation device, or measuring instrument separately.
When the camera lens is facing upward, the electronic compass is not displayed.
An individual may be identified from still pictures or movies that have been
recorded with location information.
Observe caution when you transfer still pictures or movies recorded with
location information, or GPS log files to a third party or upload them to a network
such as the Internet where the public can view them.
Be sure to read "Disposing of Data Storage Devices" (Av).
When the Record GPS data of the GPS options menu is On, and a log is
recorded using Create log, GPS functions will continue to operate even
when the camera is turned off.
The electromagnetic waves emitted from the camera may affect the measuring
instruments of an airplane or medical equipment.
When use of the camera is prohibited during airplane takeoffs and landings or
inside a hospital, set the Record GPS data to Off and turn off the camera.
Using the camera overseas
Before taking the camera with GPS function overseas for travel, consult your
travel agency or embassy of the country you are visiting to confirm whether
there is any restriction on use.
For example, you cannot record location information logs without permission
from the government in China.
Set the Record GPS data of the GPS options menu to Off.
The GPS may not function properly in China and on the borders between China
and neighbouring countries (as of September 2011).
xii
Introduction
Table of Contents
Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... ii
Read This First ........................................................................................................................................ ii
Confirming the Package Contents.............................................................................................................. ii
About This Manual............................................................................................................................................... iii
Information and Precautions........................................................................................................................ iv
For Your Safety...................................................................................................................................... vi
WARNINGS ............................................................................................................................................................... vi
Notices ..................................................................................................................................................... ix
<Important> Notes on GPS/electronic compass (COOLPIX S9300 only) ........................ xi
Parts of the Camera and Basic Operations................................................................................. 1
Parts of the Camera.............................................................................................................................. 2
The Camera Body.................................................................................................................................................. 2
Controls Used in Shooting Mode............................................................................................................... 4
Controls Used in Playback Mode................................................................................................................ 5
The Monitor.............................................................................................................................................................. 6
Basic Operations.................................................................................................................................... 9
Switching Between Shooting Mode and Playback Mode .......................................................... 9
Using the Rotary Multi Selector................................................................................................................. 10
Using Menus (the d Button)................................................................................................................. 11
Attaching the Camera Strap........................................................................................................................ 12
The Basics of Shooting and Playback........................................................................................ 13
Preparation 1 Insert the Battery..................................................................................................... 14
Preparation 2 Charge the Battery.................................................................................................. 16
Preparation 3 Insert a Memory Card............................................................................................ 18
Internal Memory and Memory Cards..................................................................................................... 19
Approved Memory Cards.............................................................................................................................. 19
Step 1 Turn the Camera On ............................................................................................................. 20
Turning the Camera On and Off................................................................................................................ 21
Setting the Display Language, Date, and Time................................................................................ 22
Step 2 Select a Shooting Mode...................................................................................................... 24
Available Shooting Modes............................................................................................................................ 25
Step 3 Frame a Picture....................................................................................................................... 26
Using the Zoom................................................................................................................................................... 27
Step 4 Focus and Shoot .................................................................................................................... 28
Step 5 Play Back Images ................................................................................................................... 30
Changing How Images Are Displayed................................................................................................... 31
Step 6 Delete Unwanted Images................................................................................................... 32
xiii
Table of Contents
Introduction
Shooting Features............................................................................................................................ 35
A (Auto) Mode.................................................................................................................................... 36
Changing A (Auto) Mode Settings........................................................................................................ 36
Options Available in the Shooting Menu (A (Auto) Mode)................................................... 36
Scene Mode (Shooting Suited to Scenes).................................................................................. 38
Changing Scene Mode Settings................................................................................................................ 39
Characteristics of Each Scene Mode....................................................................................................... 39
Smart Portrait Mode (Shooting Smiling Faces)........................................................................ 50
Changing Smart Portrait Mode Settings.............................................................................................. 51
Options Available in the Smart Portrait Menu.................................................................................. 51
Using Skin Softening ........................................................................................................................................ 52
Continuous Shooting Mode (Burst Shooting).......................................................................... 53
Changing Continuous Shooting Mode Settings ............................................................................ 54
Options Available in the Continuous Shooting Menu................................................................ 55
Special Effects Mode (Applying Effects When Shooting)..................................................... 57
Characteristics of Each Special Effect..................................................................................................... 57
Changing Special Effects Mode Settings............................................................................................. 58
Features That Can Be Set Using the Multi Selector................................................................. 59
Available Functions ........................................................................................................................................... 59
Using the Flash (Flash Modes).................................................................................................................... 60
Using the Self-timer .......................................................................................................................................... 63
Using Macro Mode............................................................................................................................................ 64
Adjusting Brightness (Exposure Compensation), Vividness,
and Hue (Creative Slider) ............................................................................................................................... 65
Adjusting Brightness (Exposure Compensation)............................................................................ 68
List of the Default Settings............................................................................................................................ 69
Changing the Image Size (Image Mode).................................................................................... 71
Image Mode Settings (Image Size and Quality).............................................................................. 71
Features That Cannot Be Used Simultaneously ....................................................................... 73
Focusing on the Subject................................................................................................................... 74
Using Face Detection....................................................................................................................................... 75
Focus Lock............................................................................................................................................................... 76
Playback Features............................................................................................................................. 77
Selecting Certain Types of Images for Playback ...................................................................... 78
Available Playback Modes............................................................................................................................. 78
Switching Between Playback Modes ..................................................................................................... 78
Features Available in Playback Mode (Playback Menu) ........................................................ 80
Connecting the Camera to a TV, Computer, or Printer.......................................................... 82
Using ViewNX 2.................................................................................................................................... 83
Installing ViewNX 2............................................................................................................................................ 83
xiv
Table of Contents
Introduction
Transferring Images to the Computer................................................................................................... 85
Viewing Images ................................................................................................................................................... 86
Recording and Playing Back Movies.......................................................................................... 87
Recording Movies ............................................................................................................................... 88
Changing Movie Recording Settings (Movie Menu).................................................................... 91
Playing Back Movies........................................................................................................................... 92
Using GPS/Electronic Compass (COOLPIX S9300 only) ...................................................... 93
Starting GPS Data Recording.......................................................................................................... 94
Changing the GPS or Electronic Compass Settings (GPS Options Menu) ...................... 97
General Camera Setup.................................................................................................................... 99
The Setup Menu ............................................................................................................................... 100
Reference Section........................................................................................................................ E1
Using Easy Panorama (Shooting and Playing Back) .......................................................... E2
Taking Pictures with Easy Panorama................................................................................................. E2
Viewing Easy Panorama (Scroll)........................................................................................................... E4
Using 3D Photography................................................................................................................. E5
Playing and Deleting Images Captured Using Continuous Shooting Mode
(Sequence)........................................................................................................................................ E7
Playing Images in a Sequence.............................................................................................................. E7
Deleting Images in a Sequence........................................................................................................... E8
Favorite Pictures Mode ................................................................................................................ E9
Adding Images to Albums...................................................................................................................... E9
Playing Back Images in Albums........................................................................................................ E10
Removing Images From Albums ..................................................................................................... E11
Changing the Favorites Album Icon.............................................................................................. E12
Auto Sort Mode ........................................................................................................................... E13
List by Date Mode....................................................................................................................... E15
Editing Still Images..................................................................................................................... E16
Editing Features.......................................................................................................................................... E16
k Quick Retouch: Enhancing Contrast and Saturation................................................... E18
I D-Lighting: Enhancing Brightness and Contrast............................................................ E18
e Skin Softening: Softening Skin Tones .................................................................................... E19
p Filter Effects: Applying Digital Filter Effects.......................................................................... E20
g Small Picture: Reducing the Size of an Image.................................................................. E21
a Crop: Creating a Cropped Copy................................................................................................. E22
Connecting the Camera to a TV (Viewing Images on a TV) ........................................ E23
Connecting the Camera to a Printer (Direct Print).......................................................... E25
Connecting the Camera to a Printer.............................................................................................. E26
124
Aleksandras Stulginskis University, Forest Science and Ecology faculty, Institute of Forest Biology
and Silviculture, Studentu Str. 11, Akademija, LT-53361, Kaunas district, Lithuania, e-mail:
Deadwood is important structural element of forest ecosystem. The amount of deadwood started
signicantly to decrease in Lithuanian forest due to intensication of forestry. During the last year
high problematics creates deadwood demand for energetic purposes. Protection of deadwood is one
of mostly important modern challenges as it valuable stock as well as the habitat for endangered
deadwood related species. Under conservationists the volumes of deadwood are far away from
desired. The aim of study to evaluate cumulated amounts of deadwood in premature and mature
deciduous dominated forests with different management status: intensive management, recently
converted to conservation status and stands with long conservation history. The study performed
in Bukta forest, that represent complex of described above conservation scenarios. The deadwood
and stand was evaluated in systematically selected by GIS methods circle study plots with 500
area. Total evaluated area exceeds 3500 ha and study design consist of 261 study plots. During the
analysis we evaluate landscape level factor effect (e.g. edge effect) on deadwood accumulation. The
results shows different deadwood amounts due to different management scenarios and landscape.
158
Institute of Life Sciences and Technology, Daugavpils University, Parades Str. 1a, Daugavpils, LV-
5401, Latvia, e-mail: dr[email protected]
The assemblages of beetles have been investigated in the pollution zone of the fertilizer factory
„Achema“. Investigations were conducted in four 80-100 years old Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)
stands situated in the central part of Lithuania from October 2013 to April 2014. The sample plots
were established along a 20 km transect running to the Northeast direction from the factory. In this
research the investigated stands were situated at different distances (km) from the factory: A-2.5,
B-5.5, C-10.5, and D-20. The forest type of these stands is Pinetum vaccinio-mirtyllosum; site class
- Nb. Ten litter samples have been taken in each investigated stand. Beetles from the samples were
extracted using manual sieves and aspirator. During the study a total of 1340 adults and 132 beetle
larvae were discovered. Only adults have been identied to species level; they represent 110 species
and 17 families. The beetle larvae mainly belonged to Cantharidae, Staphylinidae, and Elateridae
families. The lowest number of beetle species was detected in A stand situated nearest to the factory.
Here the average number of species per sample (10.1 ± 1.24) was signicantly lower comparing
with stands B (14.5 ± 1.42) and D (19.1 ± 1.5) (F = 1.19, LSD.01 = 5.24). Furthermore, the same
tendency was observed in relation to the number of individuals. It was signicantly lower in A stand
(26.4 ± 2.9) comparing with stands B (40.4 ± 3.97) and D (44.9 ± 4.6) (F = 0.77, LSD.01 = 11.92).
Shannon-Wiener diversity indices varied signicantly between A (1.85 ± 0.15) and D (2.53 ± 0.07)
(F = 1.19, LSD.01 = 0.45). No signicant difference between investigated stands has been detected
comparing Pielou’s evenness indices. Quantity of zoophagous species in assemblages varied from
54 to 68 % of all species. Their number was signicantly higher in stands A (65.4 ± 3.5) and C (68.2
± 2.2) comparing with stands B (54,9 ± 4) and D (54.5 ± 2.7) (F = 0.93, LSD.01 = 12.66). Quantity
of dendrophagous species was almost the same in all investigated sites. Number of individuals of
dendrophagous group was signicantly higher in D stand (12.2 ± 1.95) (F = 0.82, LSD.01 = 4.9).
Thus, during beetle assemblages’ research in Scots pines stands the negative effect of fertilizer
factory pollution was observed to species’ and individuals’ number of beetles in assemblages. It
was disclosed that the dendrophagous beetles are for the most part sensitive to the pollution and
could be used as indicators to estimate the pollution level. The proportion of zoophagous species in
assemblages was not signicantly affected by emissions of the factory. The number of individuals of
non forest species hibernating in the forest litter was signicantly higher in the stand situated farthest
from the factory.
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Nikon COOLPIX S9200 Reference guide

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