MACROMEDIA JRun 4 Getting Started Manual

Getting Started

with JRun

Trademarks

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Apple Disclaimer

APPLE COMPUTER, INC. MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, REGARDING THE ENCLOSED

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Part Number ZJR40M200

Acknowledgments

Project Management: Randy Nielsen

Writing: Rosemary Marano

Editing: Linda Adler and Noreen Maher

First Edition: May 2002

Macromedia, Inc.

600 Townsend St.

San Francisco, CA 94103

iii

CONTENTS

ABOUT THIS BOOK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII

Developer resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . viii

About JRun documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Printed and online documentation set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Accessing online documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Other resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x

Contacting Macromedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

Part I Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

CHAPTER 1 Welcome to JRun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

About JRun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Benefits of server-side Java . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Benefits of using J2EE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

J2EE standards compliance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

JRun architectural model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

JRun features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Development tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Dreamweaver MX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Using JRun with your Java IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

Installing the Enterprise Deployment Wizard in your Java IDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

What to do next . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

CHAPTER 2 JRun Programming Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Enterprise application architecture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

Enterprise application design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

J2EE application architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

JRun support for the three-tier model. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

JRun programming environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19

JRun servers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Using JRun servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20

Starting and stopping JRun servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

Installed JRun servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

Web servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

JRun Web Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

JRun support for J2EE applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26

About web applications and JRun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

iv Contents

About EJBs and JRun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27

About enterprise resource adapters and JRun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

About enterprise applications and JRun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28

CHAPTER 3 Introduction to J2EE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

J2EE environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30

J2EE platform technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Containers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .31

Communication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

J2EE APIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

EJB 2.0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33

Java Database Connectivity 2.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Java Servlet 2.3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

JavaServer Pages 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Java Message Service 1.0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

Java Transaction API 1.0 and Java Transaction Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

JavaMail 1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

JavaBeans Activation Framework 1.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Java API for XML 1.1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

J2EE Connector API 1.0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

Java Authentication and Authorization Service 1.0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Java Naming and Directory Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Common Object Request Broker Architecture compliance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

Additional resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36

CHAPTER 4 Using Servlets and JSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Using Java Servlets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Invoking servlets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38

Servlet benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39

Creating servlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

JRun support for servlets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

JRun support for JSPs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40

Servlets and JSPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

HTTP requests and responses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

Writing results back to the client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Using servlet filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42

Using event listeners. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Handling exceptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Maintaining page context information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43

Working with sessions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Tracking an application’s context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44

Accessing configuration information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Writing servlets in Java. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45

Writing servlets as JSPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

CHAPTER 5 Introduction to EJB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

EJB Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

The parts of an EJB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48

Container services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

C o n t e n t s v

EJB types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Session beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

Entity beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50

Message-driven beans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51

Using EJB in JRun. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Stubless deployment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

Deployment options. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

EJB clustering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52

XDoclet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

The Enterprise Deployment Wizard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .53

CHAPTER 6 Developing Web Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Introduction to web applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

The benefits of web applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Comparing web applications and enterprise applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .56

Using web applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

About the web application directory structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .58

The deployment descriptor (web.xml) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59

Web applications, JRun servers, and web servers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Mappings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

Application mappings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61

Developing web applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

Creating a web application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

Adding web application components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .62

Deploying web applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Deploying a web application across a cluster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65

Packaging a web application for deployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66

Part II Tutorials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

LESSON 1 Servlet Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Setting up the development environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70

Getting started with JRun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71

Adding a JRun server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

Deploying the tutorial enterprise application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75

Adding JDBC data sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

Compass Travel J2EE application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

Coding the logon servlet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

What’s next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

LESSON 2 JSP Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Creating a home page JSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

Compass Travel tutorial application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .84

Accessing a JavaBean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

What’s next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88

LESSON 3 EJB Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

vi Contents

Using EJBs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

Invoking an EJB from a JSP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .91

Booking a trip reservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

Examining the code for the reservation EJB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .93

Examining the code for the credit card EJB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

Examining the code for the order EJB: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .94

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

Tutorial lessons summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

What’s next?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .95

LESSON 4 Web Services Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97

Using JRun web services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

TravelNet web services application. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .98

Setting up the development environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

Getting started with JRun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100

Adding a JRun server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .101

Deploying the TravelNet enterprise application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104

Authoring a web service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105

Generating WSDL from a published web service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .106

Generating a web service proxy client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .108

Creating and using a JSP-based proxy client . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .113

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .115

vii

ABOUT THIS BOOK

Getting Started with JRun is for anyone using JRun to develop applications consisting of

Java Servlets, JavaServer pages, Enterprise JavaBeans, and Web Services. Part I of this

book provides a general introduction to JRun and J2EE. Part II contains tutorials to

show you how to build a simple J2EE application. In the tutorial lessons, you add a JRun

server and write the code for servlets, JSPs, JavaBeans, and EJBs.

This preface tells you how to access JRun and Macromedia resources, such as websites,

documentation, and technical support.

Contents

• Developer resources .............................................................................................. viii

• About JRun documentation.................................................................................... ix

• Other resources........................................................................................................ x

• Contacting Macromedia ........................................................................................xiv

viii About This Book

Developer resources

Macromedia, Inc. is committed to setting the standard for customer support in developer

education, documentation, technical support, and professional services. The

Macromedia website is designed to give you quick access to the entire range of online

resources. The following table shows the locations of these resources.

Resource Description

Information on JRun

http://www.macromedia.com/products/jrun

/http://www.macromedia.com/products/

jrun//a

Detailed product information on JRun and

related topics.

JRun Online Forum

http://webforums.macromedia.com/jrunhtt

p://webforums.macromedia.com/jrun/a

Access to experienced JRun developers

through participation in the Macromedia

Online Forums, where you can post messages

and read replies on many subjects relating to

JRun.

Developer Resources

http://www.macromedia.com/desdev/devel

oper/http://www.macromedia.com/desdev/

developer//a

All of the resources that you need to stay on

the cutting edge of JRun development,

including online discussion groups,

Component Exchange, Resource Library,

technical papers, and more.

JRun Support Center

http://www.macromedia.com/support/jrunh

ttp://www.macromedia.com/

support/jrun/a

Professional support programs that

Macromedia offers.

Tr a i n i n g

http://www.macromedia.com/support/traini

ng/http://www.macromedia.com/support/

training//a

Information about classes, on-site training,

and online courses offered by Macromedia.

Macromedia Alliance

http://www.macromedia.com/partners/http

://www.macromedia.com/partners//a

Connection with the growing network of

solution providers, application developers,

resellers, and hosting services creating

solutions with JRun.

About JRun documentation ix

About JRun documentation

JRun documentation provides support for all JRun users, including JSP developers,

servlet developers, EJB client developers, EJB bean developers, and system

administrators. The printed and online versions are organized to let you quickly locate

the information that you need. JRun online documentation is provided in HTML and

Adobe Acrobat formats.

Printed and online documentation set

The JRun documentation set consists of the following titles:

Accessing online documentation

All JRun documentation is available online in HTML and Adobe Acrobat formats. To

access the documentation, open the following file on the server running JRun:

jrun_root/docs/dochome.htm. JRun_root is the directory into which you installed JRun.

Macromedia provides online versions of all JRun books as Adobe Acrobat Portable

Document Format (PDF) files. The PDF files are included on the JRun CD and

installed in the JRun /docs directory, although they are an optional part of the

installation. You can access them by clicking the Product Documentation link on the

JRun Management Console Welcome window.

Book Description

Installing JRun Describes installing and configuring JRun.

Getting Started with JRun Provides a J2EE overview, concepts, and tutorials for

JSPs, servlets, EJBs, and web services.

JRun Administrator’s Guide Describes how to integrate a JRun server into an

existing environment.

JRun Programmer’s Guide Describes how to use JRun to develop JSPs, servlets,

custom tags, EJBs, and web services.

JRun Assembly and Deployment

Guide

Describes how to assemble and deploy the

components of a J2EE application.

JRun SDK Guide Provides information to OEM/ISV customers and

advanced users who embed, customize, or use the

APIs in JRun.

JRun Quick Reference Provides brief descriptions and syntax for JavaServer

Pages (JSP) directives, actions, and scripting elements.

Online Help Provides JMC users with usage notes, procedures, and

concepts.

x About This Book

Other resources

You can consult the following resources for more information on topics described in

JRun documentation.

Books

Servlets, JavaServer Pages, and Tag Libraries

JRun Web Application Construction

Kit

Drew Falkman

Macromedia Press, 2001

ISBN: 0789726009

Java Server Pages Application

Development

Scott M. Stirling, et al.

Sams, 2000

ISBN: 067231939X

http://www.moreservlets.comMore

Servlets and JavaServer Pages/a

Marty Hall

Prentice Hall PTR, 2001

ISBN: 0130676144

http://www.coreservlets.comCore

Servlets and JavaServer Pages/a

Marty Hall

Prentice Hall PTR, 2000

ISBN: 0130893404

Java Servlet Programming, Second

Edition

Jason Hunter and William Crawford

O'Reilly & Associates, 2001

ISBN: 0596000405

http://www.servletguru.comJava

Servlets Developer’s Guide/a

Karl Moss

McGraw-Hill/Osborne Media, 2002

ISBN: 0-07-222262-X

http://www.sourcestream.comInside

Servlets: Server-Side Programming

for the Java Platform, Second

Edition/a

Dustin R. Callaway

Addison-Wesley, 2001

ISBN: 0201709066

Web Development with JavaServer

Pages

Duane K. Fields and Mark A. Kolb

Manning Publications Company, 2000

ISBN: 1884777996

Enterprise Java Servlets Jeff Genender

Addison-Wesley, 2001

ISBN: 020170921X

Advanced JavaServer Pages David Geary

Prentice Hall, 2001

ISBN: 0130307041

Other resources xi

JavaServer Pages Hans Bergsten

O’Reilly & Associates, 2000

ISBN: 156592746X

JSP Tag Libraries Gal Schachor, Adam Chace, and Magnus Rydin

Manning Publications Company, 2001

ISBN: 193011009X

Core JSP Damon Hougland and Aaron Tavistock

Prentice Hall, 2000

ISBN: 0130882488

JSP: Javaserver Pages (Developer’s

Guide)

Barry Burd

Hungry Minds Inc., 2001

ISBN: 0764535358

Enterprise JavaBeans

http://www.middleware-company.c

omMastering Enterprise JavaBeans,

Second Edition/a

Ed Roman

John Wiley & Sons, 2002

ISBN: 0471417114

Enterprise JavaBeans, Third Edition Richard Monson-Haefel

O'Reilly & Associates, 2001

ISBN: 0596002262.

Professional EJB Rahim Adatia, et al

Wrox Press, 2001

ISBN: 1861005083

Special Edition Using Enterprise

JavaBeans (EJB) 2.0

Chuck Cavaness and Brian Keeton

Que, 2001

ISBN: 0789725673

Applying Enterprise JavaBeans:

Component-Based Development for

the J2EE Platform

Vlada Matena and Beth Stearns

Addison-Wesley Pub Co, 2000

ISBN: 0201702673

Enterprise Java Programming

Professional Java Server

Programming J2EE 1.3 Edition

Subrahmanyam Allamaraju, et al

Wrox Press, 2001

ISBN: 1861005377

Server-Based Java Programming Te d N e w a r d

Manning Publications Company, 2000

ISBN: 1884777716

xii About This Book

Online resources

Designing Enterprise Applications

with the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise

Edition

Nicholas Kassem

Addison-Wesley, 2000

ISBN: 0201702770

(free download at

http://java.sun.com/j2ee/download.html#blueprintsh

ttp://java.sun.com/j2ee/download.html#blueprints/a

)

Building Java Enterprise Systems

with J2EE

Paul Perrone and Venkata S.R. “Krishna” .R.

Chaganti

Sams, 2000

ISBN: 0672317958

J2EE: A Bird's Eye View (e-book) Rick Grehan

Fawcette Technical Publications, 2001

ISBN: B00005BAZV

Java Message Service Richard Monson-Haefel and David Chappell

O’Reilly and Associates, 2001

ISBN: 0596000685

J2EE Connector Architecture and

Enterprise Application Integration

Rahul Sharma, et al

Addison-Wesley, 2001

ISBN: 0201775808

Building Web Services with Java:

Making Sense of XML, SOAP,

WSDL and UDDI

Sim Simeonov, Glen Daniels, et al

Prentice Hall, 2002

ISBN: 0672321815

Architecting Web Services William L. Oellermann Jr.

Apress, 2001

ISBN: 1893115585

Java Servlet API http://java.sun.com/products/servlethttp://java.sun.co

m/products/servlet/a

JavaServer Pages API http://java.sun.com/products/jsphttp://java.sun.com/p

roducts/jsp/a

Enterprise JavaBeans API http://java.sun.com/products/ejb/http://java.sun.com/

products/ejb//a

Java 2 Standard Edition API http://java.sun.com/j2se/http://java.sun.com/j2se//a

Servlet Source http://www.servletsource.comhttp://www.servletsourc

e.com/a

JSP Resource Index http://www.jspin.comhttp://www.jspin.com/a

Other resources xiii

Server Side http://www.theserverside.comhttp://www.theserversid

e.com/a

Dot Com Builder http://dcb.sun.comhttp://dcb.sun.com/a

Servlet Forum http://www.servletforum.com/http://www.servletforum

.com/a

xiv About This Book

Contacting Macromedia

Corporate

headquarters

Macromedia, Inc.

600 Townsend Street

San Francisco, CA 94103

Tel: 415.252.2000

Fax: 415.626.0554

Web:

http://www.macromedia.com www.macromedia.com/a

Technical support Macromedia offers a range of telephone and web-based

support options. Go to

http://www.macromedia.com/support/http://www.macromedia

.com/support//a for a complete description of technical

support services.

You can make postings to the JRun Support Forum

(http://webforums.macromedia.comhttp://webforums.macrom

edia.com/a) at any time.

Sales Toll Free: 888.939.2545

Te l: 6 17 . 2 1 9. 2 10 0

Fax: 617.219.2101

E-mail:

mailto:[email protected][email protected]/a

Web:

http://www.macromedia.com/store/http://www.macromedia.c

om/store//a

OEM/hosting sales For information about OEM/hosting, such as inquiries

regarding licensing and pricing for product, support, training

and consulting, contact:

Toll Free: 888.939.2545, request OEM Sales Desk extension

2157.

OEM Sales Desk: 617.219.2157

Fax: 617.219.2102

E-mail:

mailto:oemsales@macromedia.comoemsales@macromedia.c

om/a

Web:

http://www.macromedia.com/software/jrun/oemhttp://www.m

acromedia.com/software/jrun/oem/a

PART I

Introduction

This part contains an introduction to JRun and J2EE.

Welcome to JRun..........................................................................................................3

JRun Programming Model........................................................................................15

Introduction to J2EE..................................................................................................29

Using Servlets and JSP............................................................................................ 37

Introduction to EJB .....................................................................................................47

Developing Web Applications ................................................................................55

3

CHAPTER 1

Welcome to JRun

This chapter contains an overview of Macromedia JRun and JRun architecture. It

describes many of the features and tools that you use during application development

and deployment. It also includes a description of different types of JRun users and

pointers to the JRun documentation where each type of user can find additional

information.

Contents

• About JRun ............................................................................................................. 4

• J2EE standards compliance...................................................................................... 6

• JRun architectural model......................................................................................... 7

• JRun features........................................................................................................... 8

• Development tools................................................................................................. 13

• What to do next .................................................................................................... 14

4 Chapter 1 Welcome to JRun

About JRun

JRun is a complete Java application server for developing and deploying reliable, scalable,

and secure server-side Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) applications. JRun supports the

latest industry standards for developing applications composed of Java Servlets,

JavaServer pages (JSP), Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB), Java Message Service (JMS),

Macromedia Flash files, HTML pages, images, and other resources.

JRun supports a variety of Windows and UNIX platforms. Its open design lets JRun

work with a variety of existing web servers, including Apache, Microsoft Internet

Information Server (IIS), Netscape Enterprise Server (NES), Netscape iPlanet, and Zeus.

With JRun, you can deploy websites with dynamically generated content on almost any

platform.

JRun connects to a web server using a plug-in mechanism unique to each web server:

Netscape Server API (NSAPI) for Netscape, Internet Server API (ISAPI) for Microsoft

IIS, and the Apache 1.3 and 2.0 Dynamic Shared Object (DSO) interfaces for the

Apache web server. However, you do not need to have a separate web server to develop

and deploy applications using JRun. JRun provides its own built-in web server.

For more information, see Installing JRun.

Benefits of server-side Java

Java Servlets, JSPs, and EJBs are all examples of server-side Java—that is, Java code that

executes on an application server rather than on a web client.

Server-side Java has many important features that make it extremely useful for developing

web server applications, including the following:

• Consistent Java features You can guarantee that your server supports the features

of Java that are required by your application.

• Up-to-date Java technologies As the Java standard continues to evolve, your

server-side application can immediately take advantage of new Java features,

regardless of the compliance level of clients.

• Control over the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) Your server runs the JVM that you

require for your application.

Server-side Java lets you completely realize the Java “write once, run anywhere” goal. The

full capabilities of the language are available to you with no limitations or restrictions.

Because these applications run on the server, you can also control the platform, the

operating system, and every aspect of the environment in which your application runs.

With complete control over your environment, you can develop on one platform and

deploy on another with confidence that your application will run properly on both

platforms.

About JRun 5

Benefits of using J2EE

The J2EE platform represents a single standard for implementing and deploying

multitier, enterprise applications. J2EE applications take advantage of Java’s inherent

portability and can be run on all platforms supported by JRun.

J2EE offers a number of benefits for application programmers, including the following:

• Rich set of standard APIs and services

• High performance

• Integration with backend infrastructure, such as Relational Database Management

Systems (RDBMS) and Enterprise Information Systems (EIS)

• Industry support, including third party tools and Application Programming

Interfaces (APIs)

JRun is standardized on the latest J2EE platform specifications, highlighted in the

following section.

6 Chapter 1 Welcome to JRun

J2EE standards compliance

Macromedia JRun is a J2EE-compliant application server. JRun passed the J2EE

Compatibility Test Suite (CTS) and delivers the full capabilities of the most recent Sun

J2EE 1.3 platform specification. The following table describes the many enhancements

and new features in the 1.3 specification:

Feature Description

EJB 2.0 Provides enhancements that simplify the development of distributed

components.

• Container Managed Persistence (CMP) 2.0 lets developers build

portable applications that are database-independent and free of

database access code.

• Introduces a standard, database-independent EJB query language

(EJBQL).

• Introduces local interfaces to efficiently invoke an EJB component

residing on the same computer as the calling application.

Message Driven

Beans (MDB)

A part of the EJB 2.0 specification, combines the asynchronous

benefits of the Java Message Service (JMS) with EJB. MDBs are

message listeners that run in the EJB container and can use container

services, such as security and transactions.

J2EE Connector

Architecture

(JCA) 1.0

Defines a standard architecture that supports integration of J2EE

servers with enterprise information systems, such as Enterprise

Resource Planning (ERP) systems, mainframe transaction processing

systems, and legacy database systems.

JSP 1.2 Supports several additions to the JSP API, including the following:

• Two new tag types, IterationTag and TryCatchFinallyTag.

• An XML syntax for JSP pages (JSPX), which makes it easier to

automate the authoring of JSP pages.

• A number of enhancements to Tag Library Descriptors (TLD) that

improve portability, and better support authoring tools.

Servlet 2.3 Introduces the following two important new features:

• Application events Useful for application initialization code and

can replace preloaded servlets in some cases.

• Filters Allow pre- and post-processing of servlet requests.

Java APIs for

XML Processing

(JAXP) 1.1

Supports the latest XML development features, including a pluggable

architecture for adding your choice of XML parser or XSL processor into

the server and overriding the default components that JRun includes.

Java Message

Service (JMS) 1.0

Lets J2EE application components create, send, receive, and read

messages. It enables distributed communication that is loosely coupled,

reliable, and asynchronous.

Java

Authentication

and Authorization

Service (JAAS)

Provides a way for a J2EE application to authenticate users and enforce

access controls in a modular fashion.

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