lead crystal 6-CNFT Safety, Storage, Operations And Maitenance Manual

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Safety, Storage, Operations And Maitenance Manual

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SAFETY, STORAGE, OPERATIONS
AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
CNFJ / 3-CNFJ / 3-CNFT / 6-CNFJ / 6-HCNFJ / 6-CNFT
PUBLICATION |MAY 2014
2014 BY BETTA BATTERIES. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
This document is proprietary to Betta Batteries. This document cannot
be copied or reproduced in whole or in part, without the express written
permission of Betta Batteries.
PLEASE CHECK OUR WEBSITE FOR LITERATURE UPDATES.
WWW.LEADCRYSTALBATTERIES.COM
THIS MANUAL PROVIDES FULL INSTRUC-
TIONS REGARDING SAFETY, STORAGE,
OPERATION, AND MAINTENANCE FOR
LEAD CRYSTAL® BATTERIES, AS WELL AS
CERTAIN INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS.
FAILURE TO OBSERVE THE PRECAUTIONS
AS PRESENTED MAY RESULT IN DAMAGE
TO EQUIPMENT, INJURY OR LOSS OF LIFE.
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GENERAL SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS
Important! Please read this manual. This manual
contains important instructions that should be followed
during storage, installation, operation and maintenance
of Lead Crystal® batteries. It will help to achieve highest
performance of your equipment and extend the lifespan
of your product.
Battery handling and servicing should be performed- or supervised by
personnel who have professional knowledge about batteries and precautionary
measures. Battery replacement by unauthorized personnel is prohibited. When
replacing batteries, please use Lead Crystal® batteries of the same capacity
and size as originals used in equipment.
Do not misuse or mutilate Lead Crystal® Batteries. This could
result in human injury or cause damage to the batteries. In no event will Betta
Batteries be responsible or liable for either indirect or consequential damage or
injury that may result from misuse or mutilation of batteries.
Lead Crystal® Batteries contain sulphuric acid ( < 5%) Sulphuric
acid can be harmful to the skin and eyes. Take precautionary measures
as described in this manual.
It is important to handle batteries correctly when returning
batteries. As the batteries contain lead, any inappropriate
handling of the batteries will have adverse effects on the
environment and on persons. Please check local legislation to obtain
approved handling procedures, or return batteries to authorized service
centers of the manufacturer for replacements.
Do not place batteries in-or near a direct fire.
Do not use an organic solvent to clean batteries.
Batteries may cause electric shock when short circuited.
Always use tools with insulated handles when changing
batteries or while performing maintenance.
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SYMBOLS FOR BATTERY USE AND OPERATIONS
PLEASE READ CHAPTER 5 FOR FURTHER DETAILED SAFETY GUIDELINES
READ THE
MANUAL
ELECTRICAL
HAZARD RECYCLE
Pb
Pb
THIS PRODUCT
HAS PASSED
UL SAFETY
CERTIFICATION
SHORT
CIRCUIT
PREVENTION
DO NOT DISPOSE
BATTERY INTO
TRASH
EYE
PROTECTION
SAFETY
WARNING
NO OPEN
FLAMES
OR SPARKS
THIS PRODUCT
HAS PASSED
CE CERTIFICATION
ADULT
SUPERVISION
THIS PRODUCT
HAS PASSED
IEC/EN 60896-21/22
4 TRANSPORT, STORAGE AND
INSTALLATION
4.1 Battery Transport p27
4.2 Battery Storage p27
4.3 Battery Installation p29
5 OPERATIONS AND
MAINTENANCE
5.1 Float Applications p33
5.2 Battery Life and Temperature p33
5.3 Battery Maintenance p34
5.3.1 Quarterly Maintenance p36
5.3.2 Annual Maintenance p36
6 SAFETY
6.1 General p37
6.2 Safety Equipment and Clothing p37
6.3 Safety Precautions p38
6.3.1 Sulphuric Acid Burns p38
6.3.2 Explosive Gases p39
6.3.3 Electrical Shocks
and Burns p39
7 CUSTOMER SERVICE
TABLE OF
CONTENTS
1 GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 Introduction p6
1.2 Applications p8
1.3 Product Specification and
Model Identification Method p8
1.4 Product Range p9
1.5 Product Standards p11
1.6 Advantages Summarised p12
2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
2.1 Structure characteristics p13
2.1.1 Special Electrolyte
Composition p13
2.1.2 Battery Slot Cover p13
2.1.3 Grid p13
2.1.4 Partition p14
2.1.5 Safety Valve p14
2.1.6 Sealing Performance p14
2.1.7 Positive and Negative
Plates p14
2.1.8 Special Manufacturing
Process p14
2.2 Working Principle p15
3 CHARGE AND DISCHARGE
SPECIFICATIONS
3.1 Charge Characteristics p17
3.1.1 12 Volt Lead Crystal® Batteries p17
3.1.2 6 Volt Lead Crystal® Batteries p19
3.1.3 2 Volt Lead Crystal® Batteries p21
3.1.4 Temperature compensation p23
3.2 Discharge Characteristics p23
3.2.1 Battery Capacity p23
3.2.2 Battery Discharge Rate p24
3.2.3 Influence of Temperature
on Capacity p25
3.2.4 Discharge Voltage p26
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GENERAL INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION
Growing demand for batteries on a global scale
Due to the rapid development of the industry, the application of batteries in
transportation, communication, power, military, aviation, marine, commercial
facilities as well as in the daily needs of users has become more extensive.
The performance of conventional lead based batteries is not optimal
Because of its inherent structural characteristics, traditional lead-acid batteries
suffer from plate sulphation, active material loss, high water loss rate,
serious acid pollution, poor low temperature performance, short life cycle,
poor transport safety and other flaws. In order to overcome the structural
weaknesses in lead-acid batteries, gel electrolyte has been used as replacement
in gel batteries. Although it reduces acid mist, reduces water loss rate and
self-discharge rate, and improves the discharge performance, it raises new
problems such as poor penetration of the gel material, weak compatibility
with the AGM separator and a slow reaction to the electrodes.
By its unique technology Lead Crystal® batteries have a high performance
To overcome the fundamental flaws of the lead-acid and gel batteries,
we have successfully developed five exclusive patented technological
innovations in Lead Crystal® batteries. Lead Crystal® batteries are ideal
products to replace lead acid and gel batteries
In line with the industrial development trend of the 21st century, Lead
Crystal® batteries pioneered the new concept of environmentally friendlier
electrolyte and manufacturing, and marked the iconic innovation of
battery technology. The excellent properties of Lead Crystal® batteries is
well received in many provinces and cities in China, and has successfully
entered markets in Southeast Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Europe and
1.1
1
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7
other international markets. They are widely used in solar energy, wind
energy storage systems, telecommunications, UPS power supply, power
stations, railway passenger cars, electric vehicles, electric bikes, beacon
signal indicators and other fields. This new type of environmentally friendly
product is rapidly blending into the consumer lifestyles of many industries
and is widely accepted by institutions and individuals.
The patented technology found in lead crystal batteries uses a special
advanced technology formula, a new type of composite SiO2 electrolyte
developed to completely replace traditional sulphuric acid solution. This in
turn improves the product’s application and safety performance. When the
composite electrolyte reacts with the plates during the charging process,
crystalline electrolyte salts are formed, and the electrolyte is absorbed
into the electrolytic salt. The electrolyte is distributed evenly, in a non-
hierarchical manner, and there is no gradient concentration in the upper
and/or lower electrode. The electrical properties of the battery are consistent
and achieve reliable performance. It effectively overcomes the disadvantages
of plate sulphation, active material loss and water loss rate, has good low
temperature and overcharge performance, and greatly improves product life.
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Rated capacity in Ah (Amp hours)
Valve controlled, sealed lead crystal storage cell
Energy storage battery
Number of single cells in series 6 = 12 volt, 3 = 6 volt
6 - CN FJ - 120
1.2
1.3
APPLICATIONS
Lead Crystal® batteries can be used in a wide range of applications where
lead acid, Lead Gel batteries or AGM Batteries are used today, including,
but not limited to:
Telecommunications, Communications Exchange And Transmission Systems;
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply, PABX And Microwave Relay Station;
Radio And Broadcasting Stations;
Power Plants And Transmission Systems;
Emergency Lighting Systems;
Railway Signal, Beacon Signalling System;
Solar Energy, Wind Energy Storage Systems;
Hotels, Auditoriums and other Applications.
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION AND MODEL IDENTIFICATION METHOD
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PRODUCT RANGE1.4
12 VOLT RANGE
6-CNFJ-7.2
6-HCNFJ-7.2
6-CNFJ-10
6-CNFJ-12
6-CNFJ-14
6-CNFJ-18
6-CNFJ-22
6-CNFJ-24
6-CNFJ-26
6-CNFJ-28
6-CNFJ-35
6-CNFJ-40
6-CNFJ-55
6-CNFJ-65
6-CNFJ-70
6-CNFJ-90
6-CNFJ-100
6-CNFJ-120
6-CNFJ-150
6-CNFJ-180
6-CNFJ-200
6-CNFT-55
6-CNFT-90
6-CNFT-100
6-CNFT-155
6-CNFT-170
0610696122070
0610696122872
0610696122087
0610696122094
0610696122100
0610696122117
0610696122124
0610696122131
0610696122148
0610696122155
0610696122162
0610696122179
0610696122186
0610696122209
0610696122216
0610696122223
0610696122247
0610696122261
0610696122278
0610696122308
0610696122322
0610696122193
0610696122230
0610696122254
0610696122285
0610696122292
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
7.2
9
10
12
14
18
22
24
26
28
35
40
55
65
70
90
100
120
150
180
200
55
90
110
155
180
2,30
2,57
4,15
4,35
4,55
6,35
6,90
8,50
8,50
9,00
14,50
14,50
18,00
22,00
23,00
28,00
30,00
33,00
45,00
60,00
62,00
18,00
28,00
33,00
48,00
61,00
100
100
100
100
104
170
170
125
125
125
170
172
215
175
215
240
210
234
241
224
224
225
286
228
283
320
151
151
151
151
151
181
181
176
176
176
194
198
229
348
259
306
330
408
486
522
522
277
390
560
559
560
65
65
99
99
99
76
76
166
166
166
132
166
138
167
169
174
172
172
170
240
240
106
108
125
125
125
94
94
94
94
98
170
170
125
125
125
170
172
210
175
210
206
206
211
241
219
219
222
286
228
283
320
ARTICLE
NUMBER
BATTERY
EAN CODE
FRONT
TERMINAL
RATED AH
(10 HOURS)
RATED
VOLTAGE
WEIGHT
(KG)
BATTERY SIZE
L W H TOTAL H
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ARTICLE
NUMBER
BATTERY
EAN CODE
FRONT
TERMINAL
RATED AH
(10 HOURS)
RATED
VOLTAGE
WEIGHT
(KG)
BATTERY SIZE
L W H TOTAL H
6 VOLT RANGE
3-CNFJ-4
3-CNFJ-7,2
3-CNFJ-10
3-CNFJ-12
3-CNFJ-160
3-CNFJ-200
3-CNFT-180
CNFJ-100
CNFJ-200
CNFJ-300
CNFJ-400
CNFJ-500
CNFJ-600
CNFJ-800
CNFJ-1000
CNFJ-1200
CNFJ-1500
CNFJ-2000
CNFJ-2200
CNFJ-3000
0610696122001
0610696122018
0610696122025
0610696122032
0610696122049
0610696122063
0610696122056
0610696122346
0610696122353
0610696122360
0610696122377
0610696122384
0610696122407
0610696122414
0610696122438
0610696122445
0610696122452
0610696122469
0610696122476
0610696122483
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
4
7,2
10
12
160
200
180
100
200
300
400
500
600
800
1000
1200
1500
2000
2200
3000
0,77
1,20
2,00
2,10
26,00
30,00
33,00
5,25
15,00
22,00
27,00
32,50
38,50
55,00
64,00
85,00
100,00
120,00
130,00
192,00
70
151
151
151
298
323
306
172
175
176
210
244
301
410
480
401
401
491
491
712
47,5
35
50
50
172
178
168
72
110
154
175
175
175
175
175
351
351
351
351
353
100
94
94
94
227
226
222
205
330
330
330
330
330
330
330
342
342
342
342
341
105
100
100
100
230
230
226
210
335
335
335
335
335
335
335
342
347
347
347
346
2 VOLT RANGE
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Table 1.1 Lead Crystal® Batteries Product Range.
IMPORTANT
For the Lead Crystal® batteries Light Traction range,
a separate ‘Safety, Storage, Operations and Maintenance’
manual applies.
PRODUCT STANDARDS
Lead Crystal® batteries are manufactured to meet the following national
and international standards and are manufactured under the ISO 9001,
ISO 14001 and GB/T 24001 system.
GB/T22473-2008 lead-acid energy storage battery
GB/T19638.2-2005 fixed type valve-controlled sealed battery
Q/TDZG05-2010 fixed type valve control sealed lead crystal battery
BS 6290 part 4, Telcordia SR 4228, Eurobatt guide, UL, IEC-60896-21/22
1.5
LIGHT TRACTION RANGE
0610696122797
0610696122803
0610696122810
0610696122827
0610696122834
0610696122841
0610696122858
0610696122865
6
6
8
8
12
12
12
12
180
210
135
150
70
100
120
150
33,00
35,00
33,00
35,00
26,50
37,00
42,50
50,00
260
260
261
261
269
331
407
484
180
180
181
181
169
176
170
170
270
270
280
295
210
214
239
241
275
275
285
300
215
219
239
241
3-EVFJ-180
3-EVFJ-210
4-EVFJ-135
4-EVFJ-150
6-EVFJ-70
6-EVFJ-100
6-EVFJ-120
6-EVFJ-150
ARTICLE
NUMBER
BATTERY
EAN CODE
FRONT
TERMINAL
RATED AH
(3 HOURS)
RATED
VOLTAGE
WEIGHT
(KG)
BATTERY SIZE
L W H TOTAL H
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ADVANTAGES SUMMARISED
Compared to mainstream rechargeable industrial batteries like lead acid,
lead gel and AGM batteries, Lead Crystal® batteries perform as follows:
Lead Crystal® batteries can be charged faster
Lead Crystal® batteries can be discharged deeper (even to 0 Volt!)
Lead Crystal® batteries have an operating temperature from -40 to
+65 Celsius
Lead Crystal® batteries can be charged below 0 degrees Celsius
Lead Crystal® batteries can be cycled more often (1500 @ 80% DOD)
Lead Crystal® batteries have very low gassing (IEC 60896-21/11)
Lead Crystal® batteries can be used in a partial state of charge
Lead Crystal® batteries can be stored for 2 years without top-up charging
Lead Crystal® batteries hold no cadmium, no antimony and < 5%
sulphuric acid
Lead Crystal® batteries require no special ventilation or cooling
1.6
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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Lead Crystal® batteries are a range of new products that were successfully
developed based on existing batteries. It has better performance characteristics
compared to a conventional batteries and is the result of new technical
breakthroughs. The fundamental issues of serious lead acid battery acid
pollution, electrode sulphation, short life cycle, poor low temperature
performance and other flaws are resolved, setting a high standard of
"efficiency, safety, and long-life".
STRUCTURE CHARACTERISTICS
Special Electrolyte Composition
A unique complex technology is used to synergize a range of inorganic salts
and organic substances, thereby optimizing the reaction between the
electrolyte and the active electrode material, effectively preventing the
active substance to become salt and fall off, and extending its service life.
The electrolyte within the battery crystallizes, leaving no free electrolyte,
no leakage, making the battery safe and reliable. The battery may be installed
using in a variety of orientations, making it easy to use. This opens a wide
range of installation applications, since the risk of electrolyte leakage is
eliminated. This reaction also improves the products safety making it less
harmful to installers and users alike.
Battery Slot Cover
The battery slot cover is made from strong opaque ABS plastic with a
standard V2 flammability rating. It is also available in a V0 and v1 flammability
rating on order.
Grid
The grid is made with high quality corrosion-resistant non-antimony alloy,
to ensure the excellent performance life of the positive grid, improve the
over potential of the anode, and inhibit hydrogen corrosion.
2.1
2.1.3
2.1.2
2.1.1
2
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Partition
The partition is made of an ultra-fine fibre separator of high porosity, using
cathode absorption technology to create gas recombination. The separator
has good acid resistance and stability, which provides sufficient porosity
and maintains the smooth passage of the gas while absorbing and storing
sufficient volumes of electrolyte (to ensure the battery high performance).
The oxygen can rapidly distribute negative electrons to perform cathode
absorption and oxygen combination cycle.
Safety Valve
A safety exhaust valve is used that has high sensitivity, and can open or
close according to the internal pressure change of the battery. Safety valves
are made of corrosion-resistant, anti-aging fluorine rubber, which can retain
the air-tightness and liquid-tightness of batteries with long-term use and
constant open and close valve pressure. The internal pressure of the batteries
is maintained at optimal safety range.
Sealing Performance
Battery compartment and cover are seals made of rubber rings and terminals
that are dual-sealed. A sealing material that has small shrinkage is used to
ensure that the terminal seals well.
Positive and Negative Plates
The positive and negative plates are the core electrochemical reaction region
and the most important components of the battery. The grid is coated with
lead paste and formed after curing, drying, and other processes. The following
composition are the active material of the positive and negative plates:
Positive electrode plate: main component - Lead Dioxide (PbO2);
Negative electrode plate: main components - Spongy Lead (Pb).
Special Manufacturing Process
Using pressure filling technology in combination with patented gravity filling
containers to fill the batteries with electrolyte and the patented terminal
connecting equipment, these improvements ensure an even distribution of
electrolyte in each cell further enhancing the performance of the batteries
and increasing the efficiency.
2.1.4
2.1.5
2.1.6
2.1.7
2.1.8
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2.2 2.2 WORKING PRINCIPLE
Figure 2.1. The main electrochemical reaction during charge / discharge.
When discharging, the positive and negative active material reacts with
the acidic element of the electrolyte and becomes lead sulphate and water,
causing the acid density to decrease. When charging, the acid that concentrated
in the positive discharge material (during discharge cycles) is released back
into the electrolyte. At this time the lead sulphate in the positive and negative
plate transforms in to lead dioxide and a spongy type of lead which causes
the acid density in the electrolyte to increase.
With conventional lead based batteries, after charging or prior to charge
completion, all the charging current is used for electrolyses of the moisture
in the electrolyte. The positive plates release oxygen and the negative plate
hydrogen gas. If the gas recombination efficiency of the battery is low, a
large percentage of the gas will escape leaving less moisture in the battery
after every charge. This action causes the electrolyte content to decrease
due to water loss, raising the acidity in the battery and shortening the life
of the battery. This is known as late charge fluid loss phenomenon.
PbSO4 + H2O + PbSO4
DISCHARGE
CHARGE
LEAD
DIOXIDE
POSITIVE
PLATE
ACTIVE
MATERIAL
POSITIVE
DISCHARGE
MATERIAL
NEGATIVE
PLATE
ACTIVE
MATERIAL
NEGATIVE
DISCHARGE
MATERIAL
COMPOSITE
ELECTROLYTE
WATER
LEAD
SULPHATE
LEAD
SULPHATE
+ + + +
DILUTE
SULPHURIC
ACID
WATERLEAD
PbO2 + 2H2SO4 + Pb
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With Lead Crystal® batteries, besides the regular chemical reaction, the
composite electrolyte has various additives that participate in the
electrochemical reaction. The additives inhabit the oxygen and hydrogen
gas during the charging cycle increasing the batteries recombination rate.
This in turn reduces the water loss during and after charging. When
discharging, the lead sulphate can be totally transformed back into active
material, prolonging the battery’s use life.
Lead Crystal® batteries use a new advanced type of AGM material as a
separator. The AGM has much higher electrical conductivity, heat resistant
and acid resistant abilities than standard AGM on the market. The crystallized
electrolyte in combination with the AGM can effectively protect the plates
and prevent the active material from falling off during use. The electrolyte
is completely absorbed and stored in the AGM. Since the AGM is completely
saturated with electrolyte then crystallized, no free liquid electrolyte will be
present in the battery. The battery can now be used in various directional
positions without leaking.
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3
3.1
3.1.1
CHARGE AND DISCHARGE SPECIFICATIONS
CHARGE CHARACTERISTICS
See below charge characteristics for CNFJ, HCNFJ and CNFT Lead Crystal®
Batteries.
12 volt Lead Crystal Batteries
Charge Curves
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Charger Settings
Lead Crystal® Batteries are high-end products that work best with good
quality battery chargers. Below settings for automated battery chargers are
recommended to fully utilize the benefits of Lead Crystal® Batteries.
12V BATTERY RANGE
Cyclic Charging / Daily Cycles
Temp constant-current limited-voltage constant-voltage limited-current Float
20°C - 30°C 14.7V
0.3C max
2h
13.8V
0.15C 0.02C max
4h
13.6V
˜
h31°C - 40°C 14.5V 13.6V 13.45V 0.01C
41°C - 45°C 14.3V 13.45V 13.35V
12V BATTERY RANGE
Standby / Float Charging
Temp constant-current limited-voltage constant-voltage limited-current Float
20°C - 30°C 14.4V
0.15C max
7h
14.4V
0.15C 0.02C max
3h
13.6V
˜
h31°C - 40°C 14.2V 14.2V 13.45V 0.01C
41°C - 45°C 14.05V 14.05V 13.35V
12V BATTERY RANGE
UPS / Float Charging
Temp constant-current limited-voltage constant-voltage limited-current Float
20°C - 30°C 14.4V
0.3C max
3h
14.4V
0.3C 0.02C max
6h
13.6V
˜
h31°C - 40°C 14.2V 14.2V 13.45V 0.01C
41°C - 45°C 14.05V 14.05V 13.35V
Cyclic charging: the battery is frequently charged and discharged like a
daily routine. The battery is boosted to a higher voltage, followed by an
equalization phase at lower voltage and lower current, automatically
followed by the float phase when and if the battery is (close to) full.
Standby charging: the battery is only discharged once per week (or less).
Float charging: the battery is in a constant charged state and rarely discharged.
The Float Phase will also set in on standby charging when the battery is
full (fully automated).
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3.1.2 6 volt Lead Crystal Batteries
Charge Curves
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Charger Settings
Lead Crystal® Batteries are high-end products that work best with good
quality battery chargers. Below settings for automated battery chargers are
recommended to fully utilize the benefits of Lead Crystal® Batteries.
Cyclic charging: the battery is frequently charged and discharged like a
daily routine. The battery is boosted to a higher voltage, followed by an
equalization phase at lower voltage and lower current, automatically
followed by the float phase when and if the battery is (close to) full.
Standby charging: the battery is only discharged once per week (or less).
Float charging: the battery is in a constant charged state and rarely discharged.
The Float Phase will also set in on standby charging when the battery is
full (fully automated).
6V BATTERY RANGE
Cyclic Charging / Daily Cycles
Temp constant-current limited-voltage constant-voltage limited-current Float
20°C - 30°C 7.4V
0.3C max
2h
6.9V
0.15C 0.02C max
4h
6.8V
˜
h31°C - 40°C 7.25V 6.8V 6.7V 0.01C
41°C - 45°C 7.15V 6.7V 6.7V
6V BATTERY RANGE
Standby / Float Charging
Temp constant-current limited-voltage constant-voltage limited-current Float
20°C - 30°C 7.2V
0.15C max
7h
7.2V
0.15C 0.02C max
3h
6.8V
˜
h31°C - 40°C 7.1V 7.1V 6.7V 0.01C
41°C - 45°C 7V 7V 6.7V
6V BATTERY RANGE
UPS / Float Charging
Temp constant-current limited-voltage constant-voltage limited-current Float
20°C - 30°C 7.2V
0.3C max
3h
7.2V
0.3C 0.02C max
6h
6.8V
˜
h31°C - 40°C 7.1V 7.1V 6.7V 0.01C
41°C - 45°C 7V 7V 6.7V
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lead crystal 6-CNFT Safety, Storage, Operations And Maitenance Manual

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Safety, Storage, Operations And Maitenance Manual
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