Stanley STEL421 User manual

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STEL421
4
8
12
20
16
INDONESIA
TIแบพNG VIแป†T
2
B1
B2
C
D
A
B3
3
E
4
ENGLISH
3. Personal safety
a. Stay alert, watch what you are doing and use common
sense when operating a power tool. Do not use a power
tool while you are tired or under the ence of drugs,
alcohol or medication. A moment of inattention while
operating power tools may result in serious personal injury.
b. Use personal protective equipment. Always wear eye
protection. Protective equipment such as dust mask,
non-skid safety shoes, hard hat, or hearing protection
used for appropriate conditions will reduce personal injuries.
c. Prevent unintentional starting. Ensure the switch is in
the off-position before connecting to power source
and/or battery pack, picking up or carrying the tool.
energising power tools that have the switch on invites
accidents.
d. Remove any adjusting key or wrench before turning
the power tool on. A wrench or a key left attached to a
rotating part of the power tool may result in personal injury.
e. Do not overreach. Keep proper footing and balance at
all times. This enables better control of the power tool in
unexpected situations.
f. Dress properly. Do not wear loose clothing or
jewellery. Keep your hair, clothing and gloves away
from moving parts. Loose clothes, jewellery or long hair
can be caught in moving parts.
g. If devices are provided for the connection of dust
extraction and collection facilities, ensure these are
connected and properly used. Use of dust collection can
reduce dust-related hazards.
4. Power tool use and care
a. Do not force the power tool. Use the correct power
tool for your application. The correct power tool will do
the job better and safer at the rate for which it was designed.
b. Do not use the power tool if the switch does not turn it
on and off. Any power tool that cannot be controlled with
the switch is dangerous and must be repaired.
Intended use
Your Stanley sander has been designed for sanding
wood, metal, plastics and painted surfaces. This tool is
intended for consumer use only.
Safety instructions
General power tool safety warnings
@
Warning! Read all safety warnings and all
instructions. Failure to follow the warnings and
instructions listed below may result in electric shock,
Save all warnings and instructions for future reference.
The term "power tool" in all of the warnings listed below refers
to your mains operated (corded) power tool or battery
operated (cordless) power tool.
1. Work area safety
a. Keep work area clean and well lit. Cluttered or dark
areas invite accidents.
b. Do not operate power tools in explosive atmospheres,
such as in the presence of liquids,
gases
or dust. Power tools create sparks which may ignite the
dust or fumes.
c. Keep children and bystanders away while operating
a power tool. Distractions can cause you to lose control.
2. Electrical safety
a. Power tool plugs must match the outlet. Never modify
the plug in any way. Do not use any adapter plugs
with earthed (grounded) power tools.
and matching outlets will reduce risk of electric shock.
b. Avoid body contact with earthed or grounded surfaces
such as pipes, radiators, ranges and refrigerators.
There is an increased risk of electric shock if your body is
earthed or grounded.
c. Do not expose power tools to rain or wet conditions.
Water entering a power tool will increase the risk of
electric shock.
d. Do not abuse the cord. Never use the cord for carrying,
pulling or unplugging the power tool. Keep cord away
from heat, oil, sharp edges or moving parts. Damaged
or entangled cords increase the risk of electric shock.
e. When operating a power tool outdoors, use an
extension cord suitable for outdoor use. Use of a cord
suitable for outdoor use reduces the risk of electric shock.
f. If operating a power tool in a damp location is
unavoidable, use a residual current device (RCD)
protected supply. Use of an RCD reduces the risk of
electric shock.
STEL421
1/3 Sheet Sander
Technical data
STEL421
Input voltage V
AC
220-240
Power input W 210
Oscillations (no load) min
-1
14,000 - 30,000
Orbits (no load) min
-1
7,000 - 15,000
Sanding base surface mm 90 x 187
Weight kg 1.3
5
ENGLISH
f. Keep cutting tools sharp and clean. Properly maintained
cutting tools with sharp cutting edges are less likely to
bind and are easier to control.
g. Use the power tool, accessories and tool bits etc. in
accordance with these instructions, taking into
account the working conditions and the work to be
performed. Use of the power tool for operations different
from those intended could result in a hazardous situation.
5. Service
a. Have
your
power tool serviced by a repair
person using only identical replacement parts. This will
ensure that the safety of the power tool is maintained.
Additional power tool safety warnings
@ Warning! Additional safety warnings for sanders
๏ต Hold the power tool by insulated gripping surfaces,
because the sanding belt / sanding base may contact
its own cord. Cutting a "live" wire may make exposed
metal parts of the power tool "live" could give the operator
an electric shock.
๏ต Use clamps or another practical way to secure and
support the workpiece to a stable platform. Holding the
work by hand or against your body leaves it unstable and
may lead to loss of control.
๏ต Warning! Contact with or inhalation of dusts arising from
sanding applications may endanger the health of the
operator and possible bystanders. Wear a dust mask
and ensure that persons within or entering the work area
are also protected.
๏ต Thoroughly remove all dust after sanding.
๏ต Take special care when sanding paint which is possibly
lead based or when sanding some woods and metal which
may produce toxic dust:
- Do not let children or pregnant women enter the work
area.
- Do not eat, drink or smoke in the work area.
- Dispose of dust particles and any other debris safely.
๏ต This tool is not intended for use by persons (including
children) with reduced physical, sensory or mental
capabilities, or lack of experience and knowledge, unless
they have been given supervision or instruction
concerning use of the appliance by a person responsible
for their safety. Children should be supervised to ensure
that they do not play with the appliance.
๏ต The intended use is described in this instruction manual.
The use of any accessory or attachment or performance
of any operation with this tool other than those recommended
in this instruction manual may present a risk of personal
injury and/or damage to property.
Safety of others
๏ต This appliance is not intended for use by persons
(including children) with reduced physical, sensory or
mental capabilities, or lack of experience and knowledge,
unless they have been given supervision or instruction
concerning use of the appliance by a person responsible
for their safety.
๏ต Children should be supervised to ensure that they do not
play with the appliance.
Residual risks.
Additional residual risks may arise when using the tool which
may not be included in the enclosed safety warnings. These
risks can arise from misuse, prolonged use etc.
Even with the application of the relevant safety regulations
and the implementation of safety devices, certain residual
risks can not be avoided. These include:
๏ต Injuries caused by touching any rotating/moving
parts.
๏ต Injuries caused when changing any parts, blades or
accessories.
๏ต Injuries caused by prolonged use of a tool. When
using any tool for prolonged periods ensure you take
regular breaks.
๏ต Impairment of hearing.
๏ต Health hazards caused by breathing dust developed
when using your tool (example:- working with wood,
especially oak, beech and MDF.)
c. Disconnect the plug from the power source and/or the
battery pack from the power tool before making any
adjustments, changing accessories, or storing power
tools. Such preventive safety measures reduce the risk of
starting the power tool accidentally.
d. Store idle power tools out of the reach of children and
do not allow persons unfamiliar with the power tool or
these instructions to operate the power tool. Power
tools are dangerous in the hands of untrained users.
e. Maintain power tools. Check for misalignment or
binding of moving parts, breakage of parts and any
other condition that may affect the power tools
operation. If damaged, have the power tool repaired
before use. Many accidents are caused by poorly
maintained power tools.
6
ENGLISH
Labels on tool
The following pictograms are shown on the tool:
:
Warning! To reduce the risk of injury, the user must
read the instruction manual.
Electrical safety
#
This tool is double insulated; therefore no earth wire
is required. Always check that the power supply
corresponds to the voltage on the rating plate.
๏ต If the supply cord is damaged, it must be replaced by the
manufacturer or an authorised Stanley Service Centre
in order to avoid a hazard.
Using an extension cable
๏ต Always use an approved extension cable suitable for the
power input of this tool (see technical data). Before use,
inspect the extension cable for signs of damage, wear and
ageing. Replace the extension cable if damaged or
defective. When using a cable reel, always unwind the
cable completely. Use of an extension cable not suitable
for the power input of the tool or which is damaged or
Features
This tool includes some or all of the following features.
1. On/off switch
2. Dust extraction outlet
3. Sanding base
4. Paper clamp lever
5. Variable speed control knob
Assembly
Warning! Before assembly, make sure that the tool is
switched off and unplugged.
Fitting sanding sheets A & B1 - B3)
Warning! Never use the tool without a sanding sheet or
accessory in place.
Fitting sanding sheets with nylon loops
A)
๏ต Make sure that the tool is switched off and unplugged.
๏ต
(3), making sure that the holes in the sheet line up with the
holes in the base.
Fitting regular sanding sheets
B1 - B3)
๏ต Make sure that the tool is switched off and unplugged.
๏ต Soften the sanding sheet by rubbing its non-abrasive side
over the edge of a worktop.
๏ต Press the paper clamp levers (4) upwards to release them
from the retaining grooves and open the paper clamps by
๏ต Place the sheet onto the sanding base (3), making sure
that the holes in the sheet line up with the holes in the
๏ต Insert the edge of the sanding sheet into the front paper
๏ต Press the front paper clamp lever (4) downwards and
locate it in the retaining groove.
๏ต While keeping a slight tension on the sheet, insert the rear
edge of the sheet into the rear paper clamp.
๏ต Press the rear paper clamp lever (4) downwards and
locate it in the retaining groove.
Fitting and removing the dustbag C)
๏ต Fit the dustbag (6) over the dust extraction outlet (2).
๏ต Slide the dustbag onto the tool and make sure that it is
securely located.
๏ต To remove the dustbag, pull it to the rear and off the outlet.
Use
Warning! Let the tool work at its own pace. Do not overload.
STEL421 - Variable speed control
The variable speed control allows you to adapt the speed of
the tool to the workpiece material.
๏ต Set the control knob (5) to the desired setting. Use a high
speed for wood, medium speed for veneer and synthetics
and low speed for acrylic glass, non-ferrous metals and for
removing paints.
Switching on and off D)
๏ต To switch the tool on, press the front part I of the on/off
switch (1).
๏ต To switch the tool off, press the rear part O of the on/off
switch.
Emptying the dustbag C)
The dustbag (6) should be emptied every 10 minutes of use.
๏ต Pull the dustbag (6) to the rear and off the tool.
๏ต Hold the spout down and shake the dustbag (6) to empty
the contents.
๏ต Slide the dustbag (6) onto the tool and make sure that it is
securely located.
Hints for optimum use E)
๏ต Always hold the tool with both hands.
๏ต Do not exert too much pressure on the tool.
๏ต Regularly check the condition of the sanding sheet.
Replace when necessary.
7
ENGLISH
๏ต Always sand with the grain of the wood.
๏ต When sanding new layers of paint before applying another
๏ต On very uneven surfaces, or when removing layers of
paint, start with a coarse grit. On other surfaces, start with
๏ต Consult your retailer for more information on available
accessories.
Accessories
The performance of your tool depends on the accessory used.
Stanley and Piranha accessories are engineered to high
quality standards and designed to enhance the performance
of your tool. By using these accessories you will get the very
best from your tool.
Maintenance
Your tool has been designed to operate over a long period of
time with a minimum of maintenance. Continuous satisfactory
operation depends upon proper tool care and regular cleaning.
Warning! Before performing any maintenance, switch off and
unplug the tool.
๏ต Regularly clean the ventilation slots in your tool using a
soft brush or dry cloth.
๏ต Regularly clean the motor housing using a damp cloth.
Do not use any abrasive or solvent-based cleaner.
Service Information
Stanley offers a full network of company-owned and
authorized service locations throughout Asia. All Stanley
Service Centers are staffed with trained personnel to provide
customers with efficient and reliable power tool
service.Whether you need technical advice, repair, or genuine
factory replacement parts, contact the Stanley location
nearest to you.
Notes
โ€ข Stanley's policy is one of continuous improvement to our
products and, as such, we reserve the right tochange
product specifications without prior notice.
โ€ข Standard equipment and accessories may vary by
country.
โ€ข Product specifications may differ by country.
โ€ข Complete product range may not be available in all
countries. Contact your local Stanley dealers for range
availability.
8
STEL421
1/3 ๅนณๆฟ็ ‚ๅ…‰ๆœบ
ๆŠ€ๆœฏๅ‚ๆ•ฐ
STEL421
่พ“ๅ…ฅ็”ตๅŽ‹
ไผ็‰น(ไบคๆต็”ต) 220
่พ“ๅ…ฅๅŠŸ็Ž‡ ็“ฆ็‰น
200
้œ‡่กๆฌกๆ•ฐ๏ผˆ็ฉบ่ฝฝ๏ผ‰ /ๅˆ†้’Ÿ
14,000 - 30,000
่ฝจ้“ๆฌกๆ•ฐ๏ผˆ็ฉบ่ฝฝ๏ผ‰ /ๅˆ†้’Ÿ
7,000 - 15,000
็ ‚ๅ…‰ๆฟ่กจ้ขๅฐบๅฏธ ๆฏซ็ฑณ 90 x 187
้‡้‡ ๅƒๅ…‹
1.3
่ฎพ่ฎก็”จ้€”
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@
็”ตๅŠจๅทฅๅ…ทๅฎ‰ๅ…จ้€šๅˆ™
@
็ฎ€ไฝ“ไธญๆ–‡
@
็”ตๅŠจๅทฅๅ…ทๅฎ‰ๅ…จ้€šๅˆ™
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9
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701 E Joppa Rd, TW050 MD21286, Towson,
12
ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด
12
INDONESIA
STEL421
PENGAMPELAS ELEKTRIK 1/3
DATA TEKNIS
STEL421
TEGANGAN V 220-240
DAYA INPUT W 210
ORBIT (TANPA BEBAN) /min
-1
14.000 โ€“ 30.000
OSILASI (TANPA BEBAN) /min
-1
7.000 โ€“ 15.000
PERMUKAAN AMPELAS mm 90 x 187
BERAT kg 1,12
MAKSUD PENGGUNAAN
Amplas Stanley Anda telah dirancang untuk pengamplasan
kayu, logam, plastik dan permukaan yang dicat. Alat ini
ditujukan untuk penggunaan konsumen saja.ssss
INSTRUKSI KESELAMATAN
Peringatan keamanan alat listrik umum
Peringatan!
Baca semua peringatan keamanan
dan semua instruksi. Gagal mengikuti semua petunjuk dapat
menyebabkan sengatan listrik, kebakaran dan / atau cedera
serius.
Simpan semua peringatan dan instruksi untuk
referensi di masa mendatang.
Istilah "Power Tool" dalam semua peringatan yang
tercantum di bawah ini mengacu pada pengoperasian
kelistrikan โ€œpower toolโ€ anda (memakai kabel) atau power
tool yang beroperasi dengan batere (tanpa kabel).
1. Keselamatan Area kerja.
a. Jaga area kerja bersih dan terang.
Daerah yang
berantakan atau gelap mengundang kecelakaan.
b. Jangan mengoperasikan alat-alat listrik di
lingkungan yang mudah terjadi ledakan,
seperti dengan adanya cairan mudah
meledak, gas atau debu.
Alat-alat listrik membuat
percikan api yang dapat membakar debu atau asap.
c. Jauhkan anak-anak dan para pengamat
menjauh pada saat pengoperasian power
tool.
Gangguan dapat menyebabkan Anda kehilangan
kontrol.
2. Keamanan elektrik
a. Colokan Power tool harus sesuai outlet.
Jangan memodi๎ƒ„kasisteker dengan cara
apapun.
Jangan menggunakan colokan adaptor apapun
pada power tool yang dibumikan (grounded). Colokan
yang tidak dimodifikasi dan outlet yang sesuai akan
mengurangi risiko kejutan listrik.
b. Hindari kontak tubuh dengan permukaan
yang dibumikan atau grounded seperti pipa,
radiator, kompor dan kulkas.
Ada peningkatan
risiko sengatan listrik jika tubuh Anda dibumikan atau
ground.
c. Jangan memaparkan power tool pada hujan
atau kondisi basah.
Air yang masuk pada power tool
akan meningkatkan risiko sengatan listrik.
d. Jangan menyalahgunakan kabelnya. Jangan
menggunakan kabel untuk membawa,
menarik atau mencabut power tool.
Jauhkan
kabel dari panas, minyak, tepi tajam atau bagian yang
bergerak. Kabel rusak atau terbelit meningkatkan risiko
sengatan listrik.
e. Ketika mengoperasikan power tool di luar
ruangan, gunakankabel ekstensi yang sesuai
untuk penggunaan outdoor.
Penggunaan kabel
yang cocok untuk penggunaan outdoor mengurangi risiko
sengatan listrik.
f. Jika tidak dapat dihindari mengoperasikan
power tool di lokasi yang lembab, gunakan
perangkat arus sisa (RCD) dilindungi
pasokan.
Penggunaan RCD mengurangi risiko sengatan
listrik.
3. Keselamatan Pribadi
a. Tetap waspada, perhatikan apa yang
Anda lakukan dan gunakanakal sehat
saat mengoperasikan power tool.
Jangan
menggunakan alat listrik saat Anda lelah atau di bawah
pengaruh obat-obatan, alkohol atau obat. Sesaat
kurangnya perhatian saat mengoperasikan alat-alat
listrik dapat menyebabkan cedera pribadi yang serius.
b. Gunakan peralatan perlindungan pribadi.
Selalu memakai perlindungan mata.
Peralatan
pelindung seperti masker debu, sepatu safety non-
selip, topi keras, atau perlindungan pendengaran yang
digunakan untuk kondisi yang tepat akan mengurangi
cedera pribadi.
c. Mencegah dari memulai dengan tidak
disengaja. Pastikan saklar dalam posisi off-
sebelum terhubung ke sumber listrik dan
/ atau kemasan baterai, mengambil atau
membawa alat.
Membawa power tool dengan
jari Anda pada switch atau power tool yang sedang
di aliri energi dengan posisi saklar diaktifkan, dapat
mengundang kecelakaan.
d. Pindahkan perkakas atau kunci Inggris
sebelum menyalakan power tool.
Sebuah kunci
inggris terpasang ke bagian pemutar dari power tool
ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด
13
INDONESIA
13
dapat mengakibatkan cedera.
e. Jangan melampaui batas.
Jaga pijakan dan
keseimbangan yang tepat setiap saat. Hal ini
memungkinkan kontrol yang lebih baik pada power tool
dalam situasi yang tidak terduga.
f. Berpakaian secara layak.
Jangan memakai
pakaian yang longgar atau perhiasan. Jauhkan rambut,
pakaian dan sarung tangan anda dari bagian yang
bergerak. Pakaian longgar, perhiasan atau rambut
panjang dapat terjerat di bagian yang bergerak.
g. Jika disediakan perangkat untuk sambungan
dari debu ekstraksi dan koleksi fasilitas,
pastikan ini sudah terhubung dan digunakan
dengan benar.
Penggunaan perangkat ini dapat
mengurangi bahaya yang berhubungan dengan debu.
4. Menggunakan alat listrik dan perawatan nya.
a. Jangan menggunakan power tool dengan
paksa. Gunakan power tool yang sesuai
untuk aplikasi Anda.
Power tool yang benar akan
melakukan pekerjaannya lebih baik dan lebih aman
sesuai dengan peruntukannya.
b. Jangan gunakan alat listrik jika saklar
tidak menyala on dan off. Setiap power tool
yang tidak dapat dikontrol dengan saklar,
berbahaya dan harus diperbaiki.
c. Lepaskan steker dari sumber listrik dan
/ ataukeluarkan baterai dari power tool
sebelum membuat penyesuaian, mengganti
aksesoris, atau menyimpan power tool.
Langkah-langkah keamanan yang preventif
mengurangi risiko menyalakan power tool dengan tidak
sengaja.
d. Simpan power tool yang tidak digunakan
ditempat yang jauh dari jangkauan anak-
anak dan jangan mengizinkan orang asing
yang tidak terbiasa dengan power tool atau
instruksi ini untuk mengoperasikan power
tool.
Power tool berbahaya jika berada di tangan orang
yang tidak terlatih.
e. Rawat power tool. Periksa ketidaksesuaian
atau pengikatan bagian yang bergerak,
kerusakan bagian-bagian dan setiap
kondisi lain yang dapat mempengaruhi
pengoperasian power tool. Jika rusak,
perbaiki power tool sebelum digunakan.
Banyak kecelakaan disebabkan oleh alat-alat listrik
kurang terpelihara.
f. Jaga lah agar alat pemotong tetap tajam
dan bersih. Rawatlah alat pemotong dengan
sesuai dengan merawat tepi pemotong tetap
tajam agar tidak gampang berikatan dan
lebih mudah untuk mengontrol.
g. Gunakan alat listrik, aksesoris, alat
bit, dll sesuai dengan petunjuk ini,
dengan mempertimbangkan kondisi
kerja dan pekerjaan yang harus
dilakukan. Mengoperasikan power tool untuk
sesuatu yang berbeda dari yang dimaksudkan
bisa mengakibatkan situasi berbahaya.
5. Servis
a. Servis power tool anda pada orang yang ahli
dengan gunakan hanya suku cadang yang
sama.
Ini akan memastikan bahwa keselamatan power
tool dipelihara.
PERINGATAN KESELAMATAN TAMBAHAN
POWER TOOL
Peringatan!
Peringatan keamanan tambahan untuk
Para Pengampelas.
โ€ข Pegang power tool pada permukaan
pegangan yang terbalut,karena sabuk
ampelas / dasar amplas dapat terkontak
dengan kabelnya.
Memotong kawat yang "hidup"
dapat membuat logam yang terbuka pada bagian
power tool "hidup" dan mengejutkan operator.
โ€ข Gunakan klem atau cara lain yang praktis
untuk mengamankan dan mendukung
pekerjaan ke platform yang stabil.
Memegang
pekerjaan dengan tangan atau bersentuhan tubuh
anda akan membuatnya tidak stabil dan dapat
mengakibatkan hilangnya kontrol.
โ€ข Peringatan!
Kontak dengan atau menghirup debu
yang timbul dari pengerjaan pengamplasan dapat
membahayakan kesehatan operator dan bisa juga
para pengamat. Kenakan masker debu yang khusus
dirancang untuk perlindungan terhadap debu dan asap
dan memastikan bahwa orang-orang di dalam atau
yang memasuki area kerja juga dilindungi.
โ€ข๎€Š Bersihkan๎€Šdebu๎€Šdengan๎€Šseksama๎€Šsetelah๎€Š
pengamplasan.
โ€ข๎€Š Hati-hati๎€Šketika๎€Šmengamplas๎€Šcat๎€Šyang๎€Šmungkin๎€Š
menyebabkan atau ketika mengamplasan kayu dan
logam yang dapat menghasilkan debu beracun:
- Jangan membiarkan anak-anak atau wanita hamil
memasuki area kerja.
- Jangan makan, minum atau merokok di area kerja.
- Buang lah partikel debu dan puing-puing lainnya
secara aman.
โ€ข
Alat ini tidak dimaksudkan untuk digunakan oleh
orang (termasuk anak-anak) dengan cacat fisik,
14
ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด
14
INDONESIA
cacat indera atau cacat mental, atau kurangnya
pengalaman dan pengetahuan,kecuali mereka telah
diberikan pengawasan atau instruksiberkaitan dengan
penggunaan alat oleh orang bertanggung jawab untuk
keselamatan mereka. Anak-anak harus diawasi untuk
memastikan bahwa mereka tidak bermain dengan alat.
โ€ข
Penggunaan yang dimaksudkan dijelaskan dalam
instruksi manual. Penggunaan aksesoris atau lampiran
atau kinerja operasi apapun dengan alat ini selain
yang direkomendasikan dalam manual ini instruksi
dapat menyebabkan resiko cedera pribadi dan / atau
kerusakan properti.
Keselamatan listrik
โ€ข๎€Š Alat๎€Šini๎€Štidak๎€Šdimaksudkan๎€Šuntuk๎€Šdigunakan๎€Šoleh๎€Š
orang (termasuk anak-anak) dengan cacat fisik,
cacat indera atau cacat mental, atau kurangnya
pengalaman dan pengetahuan,kecuali mereka telah
diberikan pengawasan atau instruksiberkaitan dengan
penggunaan alat oleh orang bertanggung jawab untuk
keselamatan mereka.
โ€ข๎€Š Anak-anak๎€Šharus๎€Šdiawasi๎€Šuntuk๎€Šmemastikan๎€Šbahwa๎€Š
mereka tidak bermain dengan alat.
Resiko Residu
Resiko residu tambahan akan muncul ketika menggunakan
alat yang mungkin tidak termasuk dalam peringatan
keamanan. Resiko ini dapat timbul karena salah
penggunaan, penggunaan yang lama, dll.
Bahkan walaupun dengan peralatan dari aturan keamanan
yang relevan dan pengimplementasian keselamatan
peralatan, beberapa resiko residu tidak dapat dihindari. Ini
termasuk:
โ€ข๎€Š Cedera yang disebabkan karena menyentuh bagian
berputar/bergerak.
โ€ข๎€Š Cedera yang disebabkan ketika mengganti bagian,
pisau atau aksesoris.
โ€ข๎€Š Cedera๎€Šyang๎€Šdisebabkan๎€Špengguanaan๎€Šperalatan๎€Šdalam๎€Š
waktu yang lama. Ketika menggunakan peralatan
apa saja dalam waktu lama pastikan anda melakukan
penghentian berkala.
โ€ข๎€Š Gangguan๎€Špendengaran.
โ€ข๎€Š Bahaya kesehatan yang disebabkan menghirup debu
yang ada ketika menggunakan peralatan anda (contoh:
bekerja dengan kayu, terutama ek, beech dan MDF.)
Label pada alat
Piktogram berikut ini akan ditampilkan pada alat:
Peringatan!
Untuk mengurangi risiko cedera,
pengguna harus membaca instruksi manual.
Keselamatan Listrik
Alat ini terisolasi ganda, sehingga tidak diperlukan kabel
bumi. Selalu periksa bahwa power supply sesuai dengan
tegangan pada plat rating.
โ€ข๎€Š Jika๎€Škabel๎€Šyang๎€Šada๎€Šrusak,๎€Šharus๎€Šdi๎€Šganti๎€Šoleh๎€Š
produsen atau Pusat Servis Stanley yang resmi untuk
menghindari terjadinya bahaya.
Menggunakan kabel tambahan
โ€ข๎€Š Selalu๎€Šgunakan๎€Škabel๎€Štambahan๎€Šyang๎€Šsudah๎€Šdisetujui๎€Š
untuk input daya dari alat ini (lihat data teknis).
Sebelum menggunakan, periksa kabel tambahan
jika ada tanda kerusakan, aus dan sudah tua.
Ganti sambungan kabel jika rusak dan cacat. Jika
menggunakan kabel gulungan, selalu buka kabel
dengan komplit. Menggunakan kabel sambungan yang
tidak sesuai untuk input daya peralatan atau jika sudah
rusak atau cacat dapat menimbulkan resiko kebakaran
atau sengatan listrik.
Fitur
Alat ini disertakan dengan beberapa atau semua fitur
dibawah ini:
1. On / off switch
2. Buangan debu
3. Alas pengamplas
4. Tuas penjepit kertas
5. Tombol pengontrol kecepatan variabel
Perakitan
Peringatan!
Sebelum perakitan, pastikan bahwa
alat dimatikan dan dicabut.
Pemasangan lembar pengamplasan (Gbr. A & B)
Peringatan!
Jangan menggunakan peralatan
tanpa selembar pengamplasan atau aksesori di tempatnya.
Pemasangan lembaran pengamplasan dengan
loop nilon (Gbr. A)
Peringatan!
Pastikan bahwa alat ini dimatikan dan
dicabut.
โ€ข
Tekan lembar dengan kuat dan merata ke dasar
pengamplasan (4), pastikan bahwa lubang dalam garis
sejajar dengan lubang-lubang di dasar.
Pemasangan lembar amplasa reguler (Gbr. B1 โ€“
B3)
โ€ข๎€Š Pastikan๎€Šbahwa๎€Šalat๎€Šini๎€Šdimatikan๎€Šdan๎€Šdicabut.
โ€ข๎€Š Lunakkan๎€Šlembar๎€Špengamplasan๎€Šdengan๎€Šmenggosok๎€Š
sisi non-abrasif pada tepi bidang kerja bagian atas.
ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด
15
INDONESIA
15
โ€ข๎€Š Tekan๎€Štuas๎€Špenjepit๎€Škertas๎€Š(5)๎€Ške๎€Šatas๎€Šuntuk๎€Š
melepaskan nya dari alur penahan dan buka klem
kertas dengan menekan nya (Gbr. B1).
โ€ข๎€Š Tempatkan๎€Šlembar๎€Ške๎€Šdasar๎€Špengamplasan๎€Š(3),๎€Š
pastikan lubang dalam kertas sejajar dengan lubang di
dasar (Gbr. B2).
โ€ข๎€Š Masukkan๎€Šujung๎€Šlembaran๎€Špengamplasan๎€Ške๎€Špenjepit๎€Š
kertas depan seperti yang ditunjukkan (Gbr. B3)
โ€ข๎€Š Tekan๎€Škertas๎€Špenjepit๎€Šdepan๎€Štuas๎€Š(4)๎€Ške๎€Šbawah๎€Šdan๎€Šcari๎€Š
di alur penahan.
โ€ข๎€Š Sambil๎€Šmenjaga๎€Šsedikit๎€Šketegangan๎€Špada๎€Šlembar๎€Š
tersebut, masukkan ujung belakang kertas itu ke
penjepit kertas belakang.
โ€ข๎€Š Tekan๎€Štuas๎€Škertas๎€Špenjepit๎€Šbelakang๎€Š(4)๎€Ške๎€Šbawah๎€Šdan๎€Š
cari di alur penahan.
Pemasangan dan memindahkan dustbag (Gbr. C)
โ€ข๎€Š Pasang๎€Šdustbag๎€Š(6)๎€Šmelalui๎€Šoutlet๎€Šekstraksi๎€Šdebu๎€Š(2).
โ€ข๎€Š Geser๎€Šdustbag๎€Ške๎€Šdalam๎€Šalat๎€Šdan๎€Špastikan๎€Šbahwa๎€Šitu๎€Š
berada pada posisi aman.
โ€ข๎€Š Untuk menmindahkan dustbag (2), tarik ke belakang
dan daristopkontak.
Perakitan
Peringatan!
Sebelum perakitan, pastikan bahwa
alat dimatikan dan dicabut.
STEL421 โ€“ KONTROL KECEPATAN VARIABEL
Kontrol kecepatan variabel memungkinkan anda untuk
beradaptasi dengan kecepatan dari alat tersebut ke
peralatan kerja.
โ€ข๎€Š Atur๎€Štombol๎€Škontrol๎€Š(5)๎€Ške๎€Špengaturan๎€Šyang๎€Šdiinginkan.๎€Š
Gunakan kecepatan tinggi untuk kayu, kecepatan
menengah untuk kayu lapis dan bahan sintetis dan
kecepatan rendah untuk kaca akrilik, Logam non besi
dan untuk menghilangkan cat.
Menyalakan dan mematikan (gbr. D)
โ€ข๎€Š Dustbag๎€Š(6)๎€Šharus๎€Šdikosongkan๎€Šsetiap๎€Š10๎€Šmenit.
โ€ข๎€Š Tarik๎€Šdustbag๎€Š(6)๎€Ške๎€Šbelakang๎€Šdan๎€Škeluarkan๎€Šdari๎€Šalat.
โ€ข๎€Š Tekan๎€Šujung๎€Šnya๎€Škebawah๎€Šdan๎€Škocok๎€Šdustbag๎€Š(6)๎€Šuntuk๎€Š
mengosongkan isinya.
โ€ข๎€Š Geser๎€Šdustbag๎€Š(6)๎€Škedalam๎€Šalat๎€Šdan๎€Špastikan๎€Šsudah๎€Š
aman ditempatnya.
Petunjuk untuk penggunaan optimal (gbr. E)
โ€ข๎€Š Selalu๎€Špegang๎€Šalat๎€Šdengan๎€Šdua๎€Štangan.
โ€ข๎€Š Jangan๎€Šmengerahkan๎€Šterlalu๎€Šbanyak๎€Štekanan๎€Špada๎€Šalat.
โ€ข๎€Š Secara๎€Šteratur๎€Šmemeriksa๎€Škondisi๎€Šlembar๎€Š
pengamplasan. Ganti bila diperlukan.
โ€ข๎€Š Selalu๎€Šamplas๎€Šdengan๎€Šbutiran๎€Škayu.
โ€ข๎€Š Ketika๎€Šmengamplas๎€Šlapisan๎€Šbaru๎€Šcat๎€Šsebelum๎€Š
menerapkan lapisan lain, gunakan pasir halus ekstra.
โ€ข๎€Š Pada๎€Špermukaan๎€Šyang๎€Šsangat๎€Štidak๎€Šmerata,๎€Šatau๎€Š
ketika menghilangkan lapisan cat, mulailah dengan
grit kasar. Pada permukaan lain, mulailah dengan grit
menengah. Dalam kedua kasus, secara bertahap rubah
ke pasir halus untuk hasil akhir yang halus.
โ€ข๎€Š Konsultasikan๎€Špada๎€Špengecer๎€ŠAnda๎€Šuntuk๎€Šinformasi๎€Š
lebih lanjut tentang aksesori yang tersedia.
PEMELIHARAAN
Alat Stanley anda telah dirancang untuk beroperasi dalam
periode waktu yang lama dengan pemeliharaan yang
minim. Pengoperasian berkelanjutan yang memuaskan
tergantung pada perawatan alat yang tepat dan
pembersihan rutin.
Peringatan!
Sebelum melakukan perawatan apapun,
matikan dan cabut alat.
โ€ข๎€Š Secara๎€Šteratur๎€Šbersihkan๎€Šslot๎€Šventilasi๎€Šdalam๎€Šperangkat๎€Š
anda menggunakan kuas kering yang halus atau kain
kering.
โ€ข๎€Š Secara๎€Šteratur๎€Šbersihkan๎€Šrumah๎€Šmotor๎€Šmenggunakan๎€Š
kain basah yang bersih. Jangan menggunakan bahan
kasar atau pembersih berbasis pelarut
INFORMASI SERVIS
Stanley menawarkan jaringan lengkap milik perusahaan
dan lokasi servis resmi di seluruh Asia. Seluruh Pusat Servis
Stanley mempunyai staf yang terlatih untuk memberikan
servis power tool yang efisien dan dapat dipercaya kepada
pelanggan. Apakah anda menginginkan saran teknis,
perbaikan, atau penggantian alat yang asli, hubungi lokasi
Stanley yang berada di dekat anda.
CATATAN
.โ€ข๎€Š Kebijakan Stanley adalah satu dari peningkatan
berkelanjutan akan produk kami dan, dengan demikian,
kami berhak untuk mengganti spesifikasi produk tanpa
pemberitahuan sebelumnya.
โ€ข๎€Š Standar๎€Šperalatan๎€Šdan๎€Šaksesoris๎€Šdapat๎€Šberbeda๎€Šdi๎€Š
setiap negara
โ€ข๎€Š Spesifikasi๎€Šproduk๎€Šmungkin๎€Šberbeda๎€Šsetiap๎€Šnegara.
โ€ข๎€Š Rangkaian produk yang komplit mungkin tidak tersedia
di setiap negara. Hubungi dealer Satnley lokal anda
untuk produk yang tersedia.
๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€บ๎ˆ๎€Ÿ๎€ช
STEL421
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช
1/3
๎€Š๎„Š๎€ต๎€ฉ๎๎€ญ๎€Ÿ๎€บ๎€๎„๎€Ÿ๎€Œ๎€ก๎€ผ๎€Œ
STEL421
๎…๎€ซ๎€๎€œ๎€น๎€ก๎ˆ๎€ง๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ ๎†๎€ฏ๎€ญ๎€๎„ 220-240
๎€‰๎€ป๎€ญ๎€น๎€๎ˆ๎€ง๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎€ƒ ๎€ฏ๎€น๎€๎€๎„ 210
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ฒ๎€น๎Œ๎€ก๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎†๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€œ๎…ฏ ๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ก๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ 14,000 - 30,000
๎€ต๎€น๎€๎€ซ๎€บ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€๎€ก๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎†๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€œ๎…ฏ ๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ก๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ 7,000 - 15,000
๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ค๎€ผ๎€ฏ๎€˜๎€บ๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช ๎€ฉ๎€ฉ๎…ด 90 x 187
๎€ก๎๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ก๎€น๎€‰ ๎€‰๎€‰๎…ด 1.3
๎€ฏ๎€น๎€๎€ž๎€๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€๎€Œ๎„๎‡๎€ก๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ƒ
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ƒStanley๎€ƒ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€Œ๎€๎€›๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ต๎€ต๎€‰๎…๎€ข๎€ข
๎€ƒ
๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎†๎€ญ๎€ณ๎€ธ๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎€ญ๎€บ๎€ฒ๎€๎€ผ๎€‰๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎๎€ก๎€ค๎€ผ๎€ฏ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Ÿ๎€บ๎€ฒ
๎€ฝ๎€ƒ
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ฏ๎€น๎€๎€ž๎€๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€๎€Œ๎„๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ค๎๎„Š๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ผ๎†๎€จ๎€Œ๎„๎€Ÿ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€น๎๎€ก
๎€Œ๎€ป๎…๎€ก๎€ธ๎€ก๎€ป๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช
๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎€œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€น๎Œ๎€ฏ๎ˆ๎€ฃ
๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎…ง๎€ƒ๎†๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€œ๎€ต๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€Œ๎€ป๎…๎€ก๎€ธ๎€ก๎€ป
๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎€Ÿ๎€น๎๎€๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ฃ๎€—๎€ผ๎€ข๎€น๎€๎€ผ๎€๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ƒ
๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€Œ๎€ป๎…๎€ก๎€ธ๎€ก๎€ป๎„๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎€ƒ๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ž๎๎€‰
๎€ƒ
๎ˆ๎€ง๎€œ๎๎€œ๎€ƒ๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎„๎€ฆ๎€ญ๎€ผ๎€๎ˆ๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎…ต๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ข๎€บ๎€œ๎„๎€๎‹๎€ข๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ณ๎€น๎€ฒ๎ˆ๎€œ
๎„Š
๎†๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€œ๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ซ๎€น๎€‰๎€ฑ๎€บ๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€Œ๎€ป๎…๎€ก๎€ธ๎€ก๎€ป๎€Ÿ๎€น๎๎€๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€œ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎ˆ๎€ฏ๎„Š๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ต๎„Š๎€บ๎€๎€ต๎€ผ๎€๎‡๎€ก๎€ต๎€ก๎€บ๎€Œ๎€๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€ป๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ƒ๎ƒŸ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎ƒ ๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ก๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎€ƒ
๎€Ÿ๎€น๎๎€๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€œ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎…๎€ฒ๎€œ๎€๎ˆ๎€ฏ๎„Š๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎€๎€ญ๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ž๎€พ๎€๎€ƒ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ƒ
๎…ฎ๎…๎€ข๎€ข๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎€ช๎…๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎€๎€๎„‰๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€น๎€‰๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต
๎€ƒ
๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎…๎€ข๎€ข๎ˆ๎€ซ๎„Š๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎€ช๎…๎€ข๎€๎„๎€๎€ต๎€ซ๎€ฝ๎Œ
1. ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎‡๎€ก๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ผ๎„๎€ฏ๎€›๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก
๎€‰๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€๎€ธ๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€ฒ๎€ธ๎€ต๎€บ๎€œ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎…๎€ฒ๎€๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€๎€ฆ๎€ต๎€ƒ
๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ผ๎„๎€ฏ๎€›๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€Œ๎€น๎€ข๎…๎€Œ๎€ข๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€œ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€ต๎€๎€ข๎€น๎€๎€ผ๎„๎€ณ๎€๎€๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š
๎€Š๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ฉ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎‡๎€ก๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ผ๎„๎€ฏ๎€›๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎„๎€ข๎€ผ๎€œ
๎„๎€’๎„‰๎€ก๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ก๎€ฒ๎€ž๎€บ๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎„๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€ฏ๎€ƒ๎…๎€‰๎„‹๎€ฒ๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ค๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ
๎€Œ๎€๎€›๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ข๎€น๎€๎€ผ๎ˆ๎€ฏ๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ƒ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€๎€ธ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง
๎€ƒ
๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ต๎€ต๎€๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎„๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ฏ๎ˆ๎€ง๎€Š๎€พ๎๎€ก๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š
๎€Œ๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ฏ๎€น๎€๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€œ๎‹๎€‰๎„๎€ญ๎‹๎€‰๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€Œ๎€ก๎„๎€œ๎€ผ๎€ก๎€ค๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎‡๎€‰๎€ญ๎„Š๎‡๎€ก
๎€Š๎€›๎€ธ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ƒ๎€ฒ๎€ผ๎Œ๎€๎€ซ๎€ข๎€‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€Œ๎€๎€›
๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ ๎€ผ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š
2. ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎€Ÿ๎€บ๎€๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ
๎€‰๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€น๎Ž๎€‰๎ˆ๎€ง๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€’๎€ก๎€ผ๎€œ๎„๎€œ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€ฏ๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎„๎€๎„Š๎€บ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข
๎€ณ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€œ๎€น๎€œ๎…๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€น๎Ž๎€‰๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€ธ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎€ช๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€ ๎€ฝ๎‡๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ฉ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€น๎Ž๎€‰
๎€ต๎€ธ๎…๎€œ๎‹๎€ฃ๎„๎€๎€ต๎€ซ๎„๎‡๎€œ๎Š๎€ƒ๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎€œ๎€ผ๎€ก๎€ƒ
๎…ฎ๎€ญ๎€๎€‰๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ฏ๎€œ๎„๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€น๎Ž๎€‰๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€œ๎€น๎€œ๎…๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎„๎€๎„Š๎€บ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€’๎€ก๎€ผ๎€œ๎€ƒ
๎„๎€œ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€ฏ๎€‰๎€น๎€ก๎€๎€ธ๎€’๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ช๎€ญ๎€œ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎๎€‰๎ˆ๎€ง๎€œ๎๎€œ
๎€Š๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€ฝ๎€‰๎„๎€ญ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ฒ๎€น๎€ฉ๎€ค๎€น๎€ฒ๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎๎€ก๎€ค๎€ผ๎€ฏ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎€œ๎€ผ๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ญ๎€๎€‰๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ฏ๎€ก๎„๎€ƒ
๎„๎€’๎„‰๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€Ÿ๎„‰๎€ต๎€ƒ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ซ๎„Š๎€ต๎€ก๎€ƒ๎„๎€๎€บ๎€ณ๎€๎€๎€๎„Š๎€ฉ๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€๎๎„Š๎„๎€ช๎‹๎€ก๎€ƒ
๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€๎€ธ๎€ž๎๎€‰๎ˆ๎€ง๎€œ๎๎€œ๎€๎€ธ๎„๎€ฆ๎€ผ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€‰๎€Š๎€พ๎๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€บ๎€‰๎€ซ๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€‰๎€บ๎€ช๎€ƒ
๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€Œ๎€๎€›๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€ฒ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎„๎€’๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ฉ๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ญ๎€๎€œ๎€ผ๎€ก
๎€Œ๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ž๎๎€‰๎€ฅ๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎„๎€ฃ๎„๎€ช๎€‰๎€ก๎๎€ป๎€ƒ๎€ก๎๎€ป๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎€ƒ
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€๎€ธ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎‡๎€ก๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎๎€‰๎ˆ๎€ง๎€œ๎๎€œ๎€ƒ
๎„๎€ฆ๎€ผ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€Š๎€พ๎๎€ก
๎€๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ฉ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ค๎€ผ๎€œ๎€ฏ๎€น๎€๎€ž๎€๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€๎€Œ๎„๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ฉ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ณ๎€ผ๎๎€ฏ๎€ƒ
๎€œ๎€พ๎€๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ž๎€ต๎€œ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€น๎Ž๎€‰๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ƒ๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ฆ๎„Š๎€ก
๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ซ๎„Š๎€ต๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€ก๎๎€ป๎€ฉ๎€น๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€Œ๎€ฉ๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ๎€’๎€ผ๎๎€ก๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€‰๎€ป๎€ญ๎€น๎€
๎„๎€Œ๎€ญ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ƒ๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€’๎€ป๎€ซ๎€๎€œ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ฆ๎€น๎€ก๎€‰๎€น๎€ก๎€๎€ธ๎„๎€ฆ๎€ผ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎€ƒ
๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎๎€‰๎ˆ๎€ง๎€œ๎๎€œ
๎€๎…ด๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ก๎€ต๎€‰๎€ต๎€บ๎€Œ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฆ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ
๎„๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ก๎€ต๎€‰๎€ต๎€บ๎€Œ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ƒ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง
๎€ƒ
๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ก๎€ต๎€‰๎€ต๎€บ๎€Œ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€๎€ธ๎€ญ๎€œ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎€ƒ
๎‡๎€ก๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎๎€‰๎ˆ๎€ง๎€œ๎๎€œ๎€ƒ
๎€‘๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€บ๎€‰๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€ฝ๎€‰๎„๎€ญ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎‡๎€ก
๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ผ๎„๎€ฏ๎€›๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€’๎€ฟ๎๎€ก๎…๎€‘๎€ธ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎…๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎€๎€๎„‰๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ฃ๎„…๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ก
๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎€ช๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎€ฃ๎„…๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ก๎ˆ๎€ง๎€œ๎๎€œ
(RCD) ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ƒRCD๎€ƒ๎€๎€ธ๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€ƒ
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ญ๎€œ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎๎€‰๎ˆ๎€ง๎€œ๎๎€œ
3. ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€ข๎€๎€Œ๎€Œ๎€ญ
๎€‰๎…ด๎€ƒ
๎€๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ก๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ ๎€ผ๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎€ฒ๎€ผ๎Œ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€Œ๎€๎€›๎€‰๎€ป๎€ญ๎€น๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€ƒ๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€ฉ๎€Ÿ๎€น๎๎€๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€น๎€•
๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ก๎€พ๎€‰๎‡๎€ก๎€Š๎€›๎€ธ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€‰๎€ป๎€ญ๎€น๎€๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ฉ๎‡๎€’๎„Š
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎‡๎€ก๎€Š๎€›๎€ธ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€Œ๎€๎€›๎€‰๎€ป๎€ญ๎€น๎€๎„๎€ณ๎€ก๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ช๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข
๎€ต๎€ผ๎€Ÿ๎€ ๎€ผ๎€ฆ๎€ญ๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€ช๎€บ๎€ƒ๎…๎€ต๎€ญ๎€‰๎€ต๎€ถ๎€ต๎€ญ๎„๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ซ๎€น๎€‰๎€ฑ๎€บ๎€ข๎€บ๎€๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€ƒ
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Š๎€บ๎€œ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ฉ๎€น๎€œ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ฏ๎€น๎€๎‡๎€ก๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ƒ
๎…๎€ฉ๎„Š๎€’๎€น๎Œ๎€ฏ๎€Š๎€›๎€ธ๎€ณ๎€ก๎€พ๎Œ๎€๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ข๎€บ๎€œ๎„๎€๎‹๎€ข๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ณ๎€น๎€ฒ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ƒ
๎€Š๎…ด๎€ƒ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎€ฃ๎„…๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ก๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€ข๎€๎€Œ๎€Œ๎€ญ๎€ƒ๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ฉ๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎€ฃ๎„…๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ก
๎€œ๎€ฏ๎€๎€๎€บ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ต๎€ƒ๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎€ฃ๎„…๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ก๎€ƒ๎„๎€’๎„‰๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ก๎„Š๎€บ๎€‰๎€บ๎€‰๎€‰๎€น๎€ก๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ƒ
๎€ซ๎€ต๎€๎„๎€Ÿ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎€ผ๎€ซ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎€‰๎€น๎€ก๎€ญ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€ฏ๎€‰๎€ก๎€ผ๎€ซ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎€ฃ๎„…๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ก๎€ƒ
๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€๎€œ๎€น๎€๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€ฒ๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฆ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ƒ๎€๎€ธ๎€’๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ช๎€ญ๎€œ๎€ต๎€บ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ƒ
๎€ข๎€บ๎€œ๎„๎€๎‹๎€ข๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ข๎€๎€Œ๎€Œ๎€ญ๎€ก๎€น๎๎€ก๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎€Œ๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎„…๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ก๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎†๎€œ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€๎€น๎๎€๎‡๎€๎€ƒ๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’๎„๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰๎‡๎€ก
๎€๎€ป๎…๎€ณ๎€ก๎„‰๎€๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎€‰๎„‰๎€ต๎€ก๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€ข๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€น๎Ž๎€‰๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎…๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎€
๎€๎„‰๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎…ต๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎…๎€ข๎€๎„๎€๎€ต๎€ซ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€‰๎„‰๎€ต๎€ก๎€๎€ธ๎€ช๎€‰๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ณ๎€ผ๎๎€ฏ
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ช๎€‰๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎‡๎€ก๎€Š๎€›๎€ธ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ก๎€ผ๎๎€ฏ๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’
๎„๎€ƒ
๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€’๎€บ๎€ซ๎„๎€๎ˆ๎€ง๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎‡๎€ก๎€Š๎€›๎€ธ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’๎„๎„๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰๎€ƒ
๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€ต๎€๎€ข๎€น๎€๎€ผ๎„๎€ณ๎€๎€๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š
๎€๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ž๎€ต๎€œ๎€‰๎€๎€•๎…๎€๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎…๎€๎„‰๎€๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎…๎€๎€ต๎€ต๎€‰๎€‰๎„‰๎€ต๎€ก๎„๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’๎„
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎…๎€๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€‰๎€๎€•๎…๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€ข๎€Œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰๎‡๎€ก๎€ƒ
๎€’๎€ผ๎๎€ก๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€๎€ก๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€ƒ
๎€ข๎€บ๎€œ๎„๎€๎‹๎€ข๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š
๎€๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ช๎€ฟ๎€ก๎„๎€Š๎€ช๎„‰๎€๎„๎€Ÿ๎„Š๎€บ๎€Š๎€›๎€ธ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ƒ๎€Š๎€›๎€ธ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€ซ
๎€ช๎€ฟ๎€ก๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ฉ๎€น๎Œ๎€ก๎€Œ๎€๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€œ๎€๎€ญ๎€๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎„๎€ฏ๎€ญ๎€บ๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€’๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ช๎‡๎€ก๎€ƒ
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€ข๎€Œ๎€๎€ฉ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€œ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€ผ๎Œ๎€๎€Š๎€พ๎๎€ก๎‡๎€ก๎€ฒ๎€ž๎€บ๎€ก๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ
๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€Œ๎€บ๎€œ๎€Œ๎€ผ๎€œ๎€ƒ
๎€‘๎…ด๎€ƒ๎…๎€๎„‰๎€๎€‰๎€บ๎€ช๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฟ๎๎€ต๎€ค๎„Š๎€บ๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€ฏ๎€ฉ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎‡๎€ฒ๎„‰
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€น๎€ข๎€ƒ๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€ข๎€ค๎€ฉ๎€ƒ๎€’๎€บ๎€ช๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฟ๎๎€ต๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ž๎€๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ณ๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€๎€บ๎€‰
๎€’๎€ผ๎๎€ก๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€‰๎€ป๎€ญ๎€น๎€๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€๎€ก๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฟ๎๎€ต๎€ค๎„Š๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€ฏ๎€ฉ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ช๎€บ๎€ฏ๎€ซ๎€๎„‰๎€ฉ๎€ซ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ƒ
16
5
๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€บ๎ˆ๎€Ÿ๎€ช
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€น๎€ข๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ค๎€ฉ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€บ๎€ฏ๎€ƒ๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎€ฆ๎€น๎€ก๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎€’๎€ผ๎๎€ก๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก
๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€‰๎€ป๎€ญ๎€น๎€๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€๎€ก
๎€’๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€บ๎€‰๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€œ๎๎€œ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€ข
๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎…๎€ก๎„‰๎‡๎€๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎„๎€’๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ฉ๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎€ก๎€น๎๎€ก๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€
๎„๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ƒ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎€ญ๎€œ๎€ต๎€น๎€ก๎€๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ
๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ƒ
4. ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€œ๎๎…๎€ญ๎€ซ๎€น๎€‰๎€ฑ๎€บ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ
๎€‰๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฅ๎„ƒ๎€ก๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ƒ๎„๎€ญ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€‰๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ
๎€ž๎๎€‰๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€๎€ซ๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎€ญ๎€น๎€‰๎€ฑ๎€›๎€ธ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€Œ๎€๎€›๎€ƒ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ
๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ž๎๎€‰๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€ช๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฉ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€œ๎€ฝ๎€‰๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎€‰๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ƒ
๎€๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€Š๎€ฝ๎€œ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ต๎€ต๎€‰๎…๎€ข๎€ข๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ƒ
๎€Š๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ฉ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ž๎„Š๎€บ๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’๎„๎„๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€ข๎€Œ๎€๎€ฉ๎€ค๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’๎„๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€ž๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ฏ๎„‰
๎€บ๎€ƒ
๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ต๎€น๎€ก๎€๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€๎€“๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฉ
๎€Œ๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ž๎€ต๎€œ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€น๎Ž๎€‰๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ต๎€ต๎€‰๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎…๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎€๎€๎„‰๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง
๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎…ต๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€’๎€๎€œ๎…๎€ข๎€๎„๎€๎€ต๎€ซ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€‰๎„‰๎€ต๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎…๎€๎„‰๎€๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€ก
๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎„๎€ฒ๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€ฉ๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€๎€น๎€œ๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ƒ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€๎€ซ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ƒ
๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎„๎€’๎€ผ๎€๎€ฃ๎„…๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ก๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎€๎€ธ๎€’๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ช๎€ญ๎€œ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎€ƒ
๎‡๎€ก๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎„๎€ค๎€ญ๎€ต๎„๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎†๎€œ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€๎€น๎๎€๎‡๎€
๎€๎…ด๎€ƒ๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎ˆ๎€ฏ๎„Š๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ฆ๎„Š๎€ก๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎„๎€œ๎‹๎€‰๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ
๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ต๎€ก๎€๎€•๎€บ๎€๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ข๎€๎€Œ๎€Œ๎€ญ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€Œ๎€๎„Š๎€ก๎„๎€Œ๎€ช๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต
๎€Œ๎€ป๎…๎€ก๎€ธ๎€ก๎€ป๎„๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€ค๎๎„Š๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ƒ
๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€‰๎„‰๎€ต๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€ต๎€น๎€ก๎€๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ณ๎€บ๎€‰๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰๎‡๎€ก๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ค๎๎„Š๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ
๎€’๎€ป๎€ก๎€บ๎€•
๎€๎…ด๎€ƒ๎€ข๎€ป๎€ซ๎€๎€๎€ซ๎€น๎€‰๎€ฑ๎€บ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ƒ๎€๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€๎€ณ๎€บ๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ข๎€ผ๎€œ๎„๎€ข๎€ฝ๎๎€ช๎€ฏ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€๎€ผ๎€œ๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎‡๎€ก๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€Œ๎€ญ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€’๎€ผ๎๎€ก๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎…๎€๎€‰๎€ณ๎€น๎€‰๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ
๎€ฒ๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฆ๎€ต๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ก๎Š๎€ƒ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€๎€ค๎€ญ๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต
๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€บ๎€‰๎€’๎€ป๎€ซ๎€๎€œ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€ณ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ก๎€ป๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€๎€“๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฉ
๎€‰๎„‰๎€ต๎€ก๎€ก๎€ป๎€ฉ๎€บ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€ต๎€๎€ข๎€น๎€๎€ผ๎„๎€ณ๎€๎€๎€๎€ป๎€ก๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€‰๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€œ๎๎…๎€ญ๎€ƒ
๎€ซ๎€น๎€‰๎€ฑ๎€บ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€œ๎€ฝ๎€ฆ๎€ต๎€ƒ
๎€‘๎…ด๎€ƒ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€๎€น๎€œ๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€Œ๎€ฉ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ธ๎€ต๎€บ๎€œ๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ต๎€ƒ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€๎€น๎€œ๎€ƒ
๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€œ๎๎…๎€ญ๎€ซ๎€น๎€‰๎€ฑ๎€บ๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€ž๎๎€‰๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€Š๎€ต๎€ข๎€๎€น๎€œ๎€Œ๎€ฉ๎€ƒ
๎€๎€ธ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ฃ๎„๎€•๎€ณ๎€บ๎€๎€ผ๎€œ๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€ก๎„Š๎€ต๎€ช๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€ข๎€Œ๎€๎€ฉ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€๎„‰๎€บ๎€ช๎€‰๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ
๎€’๎…ด๎€ƒ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ƒ๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎„๎€ฒ๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€ฉ๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€ต๎€‰๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€ƒ
๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€๎„Š๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€Œ๎€ป๎…๎€ก๎€ธ๎€ก๎€ป๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€ฒ๎€ผ๎Œ๎€๎„๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎€ƒ๎†๎€œ๎€ช๎€ฆ๎€ผ๎€๎€บ๎€ซ๎€›๎€บ
๎€ž๎€พ๎€๎€ฒ๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฆ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€Œ๎€น๎€•๎€ƒ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ƒ
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ต๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ก๎€ก๎€ต๎€‰๎„๎€ณ๎€ก๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€‰๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ก๎€œ๎ˆ๎€ฏ๎„Š๎€ƒ
๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€ต๎€น๎€ก๎€๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š
5. ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ
๎€‰๎…ด๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€’๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€“๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฉ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€’๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€ฏ๎€’๎€บ๎€•๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€ค๎๎„Š๎€“๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฉ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ
๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ต๎€ธ๎ˆ๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎…๎€Ÿ๎„Š๎„๎€Ÿ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€น๎๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€“๎€พ๎Œ๎€๎€๎€ธ๎€’๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ช๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€‰๎€น๎€ก๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ƒ
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ช๎€น๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰
๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎€œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎„๎€ฆ๎€ผ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎„๎€๎€ผ๎€ฉ๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ƒ
๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎…ง๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎„๎€ฆ๎€ผ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎„๎€๎€ผ๎€ฉ
๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช
๏ต
๎€๎€น๎€ข๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€๎€ซ๎€๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎๎€ก๎€ค๎€ผ๎€ฏ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ณ๎€๎„Š๎€ฉ๎€‘๎€ก๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฆ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ธ
๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ฆ๎€บ๎€ก๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€ƒ๎…ต๎€ƒ๎€˜๎€บ๎€ก๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€ฒ๎€น๎€ฉ๎€ค๎€น๎€ฒ๎€ž๎๎€‰๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€
๎„๎€ต๎€๎€ƒ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€๎€น๎€œ๎€ž๎๎€‰๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ƒ๎ƒŸ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎ƒ ๎€ƒ๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎๎€ก๎€ค๎€ผ๎€ฏ๎„๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ
๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎†๎€ญ๎€ณ๎€ธ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ๎ƒŸ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ค๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎ƒ ๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€ƒ
๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎ˆ๎€ง๎€œ๎๎€œ๎€ค๎๎„Š๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๏ต
๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎€๎€น๎€ข๎€’๎€ผ๎๎€ก๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€๎€น๎€ข๎€ช๎€พ๎€œ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎€ช๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€ ๎€ฝ๎€ต๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ก๎Š๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ช๎€พ๎€œ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ
๎€ซ๎€ต๎€๎€’๎€ผ๎๎€ก๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ข๎€ก๎…๎€Ÿ๎„‰๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€น๎Œ๎€ก๎€Œ๎€๎€ƒ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€๎€น๎€ข๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ญ๎€ป๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎€‰๎€œ
๎€ƒ
๎€’๎€ผ๎๎€ก๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€๎€ธ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ฉ๎€น๎Œ๎€ก๎€Œ๎€๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ฒ๎๎€•๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€ข๎€Œ๎€๎€ฉ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š
๏ต
๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎…ง๎€ƒ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ฒ๎€น๎€ฉ๎€ค๎€น๎€ฒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ฒ๎๎€œ๎€œ๎€ฉ๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ต๎€ต๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ
๎€ƒ
๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎€ช๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€ต๎€น๎€ก๎€๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฒ๎€๎€Š๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฆ๎€Š๎€ต๎€
๎€ค๎๎„Š๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ค๎๎„Š๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€œ๎€ผ๎€ก๎€ค๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ฉ๎€ณ๎€ก๎„Š๎€บ๎€‰๎€บ๎€‰๎€‰๎€น๎€ก
๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ต๎€‰๎…๎€ข๎€ข๎€ฉ๎€บ๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€ฆ๎€ผ๎„๎€ฐ๎€ฑ๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ฃ๎„…๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ก๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ
๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€น๎€ก๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎…๎€ก๎„‰๎‡๎€๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ค๎๎„Š๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰๎€จ๎€บ๎€ช๎‡๎€ก๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ
๎€‰๎€ป๎€ญ๎€น๎€๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎‡๎€ก๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ฃ๎„…๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ก๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎€ช๎„๎€’๎„‰๎€ก๎€‰๎€น๎€ก
๏ต
๎€Š๎€๎€น๎€œ๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€Ÿ๎€น๎Œ๎€ฏ๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ผ๎„๎€ฏ๎€›๎€Ÿ๎€น๎๎€๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€œ๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€น๎€๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎€ช๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€ƒ
๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎…๎€ญ๎„Š๎€ฏ
๏ต
๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ฉ๎€น๎€œ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ฏ๎€น๎€๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€ฆ๎€ผ๎„๎€ฐ๎€ฑ๎„๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€“๎€พ๎Œ๎€๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€ค๎€ฒ๎€ฉ
๎€ƒ
๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€๎€ธ๎€‰๎€น๎Œ๎€ฏ๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎„๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„Š๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎†๎€ญ๎€ณ๎€ธ๎€“๎€พ๎Œ๎€๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€‰๎„‰๎€ต๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ƒ
๎€ฆ๎€ผ๎€ฑ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎„ข
๎€ƒ ๎…ณ๎€ƒ ๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€œ๎‹๎€‰๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ฒ๎€๎€ซ๎€ฝ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ซ๎€จ๎„๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎‡๎€ก๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก
๎€ƒ ๎…ณ๎€ƒ ๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€Ÿ๎€บ๎€ก๎€ต๎€บ๎€ณ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ƒ๎€œ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ก๎๎€ป๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ฒ๎๎€ข๎€ข๎€๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎‡๎€ก๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ƒ
๎€ƒ ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก
๎€ƒ ๎…ณ๎€ƒ ๎€‰๎€ป๎€๎€น๎€œ๎„๎€ฐ๎€ฑ๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎„๎€ฐ๎€ฑ๎€ต๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ก๎Š๎€ƒ๎€Ÿ๎€ผ๎๎€๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช
๏ต
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎ˆ๎€ฏ๎„Š๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎†๎€œ๎€ช๎€ข๎€๎€Œ๎€Œ๎€ญ๎€ƒ
๎…ฎ๎€“๎€พ๎Œ๎€๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€ฉ๎€ž๎€พ๎€๎€ค๎๎„Š๎„๎€ช๎€บ๎€ฏ๎„๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ข๎€‰๎€ฆ๎€ซ๎„‰๎€ต๎€๎€Ÿ๎€บ๎€๎€ซ๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€‰๎€บ๎€ช๎€ƒ
๎€Ÿ๎€บ๎€๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ซ๎๎„Š๎€ฒ๎€พ๎€‰๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Ÿ๎€บ๎€๎€๎€ผ๎€๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Š๎€บ๎€œ๎€ƒ
๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ซ๎๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฏ๎„Š๎€ก๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎…๎€๎„‰๎€๎€ธ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€ข๎€Œ๎€๎€ฉ
๎€ƒ
๎€œ๎๎…๎€ญ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Œ๎€ป๎…๎€ก๎€ธ๎€ก๎€ป๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎†๎€œ๎€ช๎€ค๎๎„Š๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€ค๎€ผ๎€œ๎€’๎€ต๎€ข๎€ƒ
๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ข๎€๎€Œ๎€Œ๎€ญ๎„๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€น๎๎€ก๎€ƒ๎„๎€œ๎‹๎€‰๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€ซ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ
๎€ƒ
๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€ข๎€Œ๎€๎€ฉ๎€œ๎๎…๎€ญ๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎…๎€ก๎„‰๎‡๎€๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎„๎€œ๎‹๎€‰๎€๎€ธ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎„๎€ญ๎„‰๎€ก๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต
๏ต
๎€ฏ๎€น๎€๎€ž๎€๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€๎€Œ๎„๎‡๎€ก๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ต๎€ ๎€ผ๎€ข๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ฏ๎„Š๎‡๎€ก๎€Œ๎๎„‰๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎…๎€ก๎€ธ๎€ก๎€ป๎€ƒ
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€‘๎€ข๎€น๎€ข๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎€ƒ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎„๎€ฒ๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€ฉ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎€ƒ
๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฆ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ต๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ก๎‡๎€œ๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎€ก๎€ต๎€‰๎„๎€ณ๎€ก๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ
๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎…๎€ก๎€ธ๎€ก๎€ป๎ˆ๎€ฏ๎„Š๎‡๎€ก๎€Œ๎๎„‰๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎€ƒ๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎€ƒ
๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ข๎€บ๎€œ๎„๎€๎‹๎€ข๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎…ต๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€ณ๎€บ๎€ช๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ฆ๎€ช๎„๎€ฒ๎€ผ๎€ก๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š
๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ข๎€๎€Œ๎€Œ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ก
๏ต
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎ˆ๎€ฏ๎„Š๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎†๎€œ๎€ช๎€ข๎€๎€Œ๎€Œ๎€ญ๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎€“๎€พ๎Œ๎€๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€ฉ๎€ž๎€พ๎€
๎€ƒ
๎€ค๎๎„Š๎„๎€ช๎€บ๎€ฏ๎„๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎€Ÿ๎€บ๎€๎€‰๎€บ๎€ช๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฆ๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎€ƒ
๎€Ÿ๎€บ๎€๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€ซ๎๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎€Ÿ๎€บ๎€๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ต๎€๎€ข๎€‰๎€ฆ๎€ซ๎„‰๎€ต๎€๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต
๎€ƒ
๎€ข๎€๎€Œ๎€Œ๎€ญ๎€“๎€พ๎Œ๎€๎€Š๎€บ๎€œ๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ซ๎๎„Š๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฏ๎„Š๎€ก๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎…๎€๎„‰๎€๎€ธ๎€ƒ
๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€ข๎€Œ๎€๎€ฉ๎€œ๎๎…๎€ญ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Œ๎€ป๎…๎€ก๎€ธ๎€ก๎€ป๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€
๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€ค๎๎„Š๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€ค๎€ผ๎€œ๎€’๎€ต๎€ข๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ข๎€๎€Œ๎€Œ๎€ญ๎„๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€น๎๎€ก
๏ต
๎„๎€œ๎‹๎€‰๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€œ๎๎…๎€ญ๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎…๎€ก๎„‰๎‡๎€๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎„๎€œ๎‹๎€‰๎€๎€ธ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎„๎€ญ๎„‰๎€ก๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต
๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰
๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€Š๎€พ๎๎€ก๎„๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ƒ
๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰๎‡๎€ก๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€‰๎€ญ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ฏ๎ˆ๎€ฏ๎„Š๎…๎€ญ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎€ƒ
17
๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎„๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€Š๎€พ๎๎€ก๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ƒ
๎€ž๎๎€‰๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€ƒ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ช๎€ธ๎„๎€ฏ๎€ญ๎€บ๎€ก๎€บ๎€ก๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€๎„Š๎€ก
๎…๎€ฉ๎„Š๎€๎€ธ๎€ฃ๎€—๎€ผ๎€ข๎€น๎€๎€ผ๎€๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€Š๎„Š๎€ต๎€‰๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ก๎€œ๎€œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€‰๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€ฏ๎€Š๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€ƒ
๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎€ก๎€ผ๎€ซ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎€ƒ๎…๎€๎„‰๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰๎€ข๎€บ๎€๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€‰๎‹๎€ƒ
๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€ฝ๎€‰๎„๎€ญ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎„๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€น๎๎€ก๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎…๎€‰๎„‰๎„ข
๏ต
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ข๎€บ๎€œ๎„๎€๎‹๎€ข๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ฒ๎€น๎€ฉ๎€ค๎€น๎€ฒ๎€’๎€ผ๎๎€ก๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€‰๎€ป๎€ญ๎€น๎€๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€๎€ก๎…ต
๎„๎€Œ๎€ญ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ
๏ต
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ข๎€บ๎€œ๎„๎€๎‹๎€ข๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€Š๎€พ๎๎€ก๎€Š๎€›๎€ธ๎„๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€ก๎€ต๎€ธ๎ˆ๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ข๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€œ๎€ƒ
๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎„๎€ฒ๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€ฉ
๏ต
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ข๎€บ๎€œ๎„๎€๎‹๎€ข๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎„๎€ฏ๎€ญ๎€บ๎€ก๎€บ๎€ก๎€ƒ
๎„๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ช๎€ธ๎„๎€ฏ๎€ญ๎€บ๎€ก๎€บ๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎…๎€ก๎„‰๎‡๎€๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎€Œ๎€๎€›
๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ณ๎€ช๎€๎€œ๎€ฆ๎€น๎€‰๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ช๎€ธ
๏ต
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ข๎€‰๎€ฆ๎€ซ๎„‰๎€ต๎€๎‡๎€ก๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ช๎€ผ๎€ก๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€
๏ต
๎€ต๎€น๎€ก๎€๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฒ๎€๎€Š๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฆ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ฒ๎๎€œ๎€œ๎€ฉ๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ
๎€Š๎€พ๎๎€ก๎‡๎€ก๎€Š๎€›๎€ธ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎„ข๎…ณ๎€ƒ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„Š๎€ƒ
๎†๎€œ๎€ช๎„๎€‘๎€ฆ๎€บ๎€ธ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„Š๎†๎€ต๎„‹๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„Š๎€ข๎€ฝ๎€’๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ƒ
MDF๎…ฏ
๎€ฃ๎„…๎€บ๎€ช๎€ฒ๎€น๎€•๎€ญ๎€น๎€‰๎€ฑ๎€›๎„๎€ข๎€ก๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„
๎€ซ๎๎€ฃ๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฆ๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎€๎€ธ๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€‰๎€—๎€ข๎€ก๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎„ข
๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎…ง๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ญ๎€œ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ข๎€บ๎€œ๎„๎€๎‹๎€ข๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎€ค๎๎„Š๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€ต๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€Œ๎๎„‰๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎„๎€ญ๎„‰๎€ฉ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎
๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€œ๎€จ๎€น๎€ช๎€Ÿ๎€บ๎€๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€‘๎€ก๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€๎€’๎€น๎๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€œ๎€น๎€๎€ก๎€น๎๎€ก๎€๎€พ๎€๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€๎€ป๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€ƒ
๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎€œ๎€ผ๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€ข๎…๎€ซ๎€๎€œ๎€น๎€ก๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ƒ
๎…๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎€๎€๎„‰๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€๎€ซ๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎…๎€ซ๎€๎€œ๎€น๎€ก๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€ข๎€ก๎…๎€ค๎„‰๎€ก๎…๎€ฒ๎€œ๎€
๎€ƒ
๎€ฆ๎€ผ๎€‰๎€น๎€œ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ต
๏ต
๎€ž๎„Š๎€บ๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€’๎€ป๎€ซ๎€๎€œ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€ณ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ƒ๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎„๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€ก๎†๎€œ๎€ช
๎€ค๎๎„Š๎€ค๎€ญ๎€ผ๎€๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ฐ๎๎€ก๎€ช๎„๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ƒ
Stanley๎€ƒ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€ต๎€ก๎€๎€•๎€บ๎€๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€ฝ๎€‰๎„๎€ญ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎€ต๎€น๎€ก๎€๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎€Š๎€พ๎๎€ก๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฆ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€
๏ต
๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฆ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ค๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ต๎€๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎„๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข
๎€‰๎€ป๎€ญ๎€น๎€๎ˆ๎€ง๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎€œ๎๎€Š๎„Š๎€ต๎€ฉ๎๎€ญ๎€œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎„๎€Ÿ๎€Œ๎€ก๎€ผ๎€Œ๎…ฏ๎€ƒ
๎€‰๎„‰๎€ต๎€ก๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€ข๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฆ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ณ๎€บ๎€ซ๎„‰๎€ต๎€๎€ซ๎€ต๎€ช๎€ƒ
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€’๎€ป๎€ซ๎€๎€œ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€ณ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ƒ๎€ฒ๎€พ๎€‰๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ต๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€œ๎€ต๎€บ๎€ช๎€๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€ก๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฆ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€๎€ณ๎€บ๎€‰๎€ฆ๎€ข๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎€’๎€ป๎€ซ๎€๎€œ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€ณ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ
๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ข๎๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎€ฉ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎€ก๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€Œ๎€ญ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ƒ
๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ต๎€ต๎€‰๎€๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€œ๎€‰๎„‰๎€ต๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ช๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฆ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎„๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ธ
๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€‰๎€ป๎€ญ๎€น๎€๎ˆ๎€ง๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ƒ
๎€’๎€ป๎€ซ๎€๎€œ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€ณ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ข๎๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎€ƒ๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€๎€ƒ
๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€œ๎ˆ๎€ง๎ˆ๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎„Š๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎€œ๎๎€œ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š
๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€‰๎€ต๎€ข๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€Œ๎€น๎€•
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎€ฝ๎๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€‰๎€ต๎€ข๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€Œ๎€น๎€•๎€ข๎€บ๎€๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Ÿ๎€น๎๎€๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€œ๎€ƒ
๎€œ๎€น๎€๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎
๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€บ๎ˆ๎€Ÿ๎€ช
1. ๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’๎„๎„๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎…ต๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ
2. ๎€’๎„‰๎€ต๎€๎„๎€ฃ๎„„๎€บ๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก
3. ๎€˜๎€บ๎€ก๎€Š๎€น๎€œ
4. ๎€Œ๎€น๎€ก๎†๎€ช๎€‰๎€ณ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎€ข๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช
5. ๎€ฃ๎€๎„„๎€ฉ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€ข๎€Œ๎€๎€ฉ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ซ๎‹๎€ฏ
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€‰๎€ต๎€ข
๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎…ง๎€ƒ๎€‰๎„‰๎€ต๎€ก๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€‰๎€ต๎€ข๎€ƒ๎€๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€ข๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎…๎€ก๎„‰๎‡๎€๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต
๎€ƒ
๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’๎„๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ž๎€ต๎€œ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€น๎Ž๎€‰๎ˆ๎€ง๎…๎€ญ๎„Š๎€ฏ
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎€ซ๎๎€ฃ๎€ƒ
A๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ƒB1 - B3๎…ฏ
๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎…ง๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ฉ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎†๎€œ๎€ช๎€ช๎€น๎€๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎‡๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ƒ
๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎„๎€ฒ๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€ฉ
๎€ช๎€พ๎€œ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎€ช๎€ฏ๎€๎ˆ๎€ก๎€ญ๎€ต๎€ก๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎€ซ๎๎€ฃ๎€ƒ
A๎…ฏ
๏ต
๎€๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€ข๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎…๎€ก๎„‰๎‡๎€๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’๎„๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ž๎€ต๎€œ๎€ƒ
๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€น๎Ž๎€‰๎ˆ๎€ง๎…๎€ญ๎„Š๎€ฏ
๏ต
๎€‰๎€œ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎…๎„‰๎€ก๎„‰๎€ก๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎Œ๎€ป๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ต๎€ญ๎€๎€ข๎€ก๎€˜๎€บ๎€ก๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€ƒ(3)
๎€๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€ข๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎…๎€ก๎„‰๎‡๎€๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎๎‡๎€ก๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€๎€ซ๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎€ซ๎๎‡๎€ก๎€˜๎€บ๎€ก
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ ๎€ซ๎€ซ๎€ฉ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎€ซ๎๎€ฃ๎€ƒ
B1 - B3๎…ฏ
๏ต
๎€๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€ข๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎…๎€ก๎„‰๎‡๎€๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’๎„๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ž๎€ต๎€œ๎€ƒ
๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€น๎Ž๎€‰๎ˆ๎€ง๎…๎€ญ๎„Š๎€ฏ
๏ต
๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€ก๎€๎„‰๎€ฉ๎€ญ๎€๎€ƒ๎†๎€œ๎€ช๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎๎€œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ณ๎€ช๎€บ๎€ข๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎€ƒ
๎€Š๎€ต๎€ข๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎†๎€๎„‹๎€ธ
๏ต
๎€‰๎€œ๎€Œ๎€น๎€ก๎†๎€ช๎€‰๎€ณ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎€ข๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ƒ๎…ฎ4๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎€Š๎€พ๎๎€ก๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€œ๎€Œ๎€น๎€ก๎†๎€ช๎€‰๎€ƒ
๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€ซ๎„‰๎€ต๎€๎€ช๎€พ๎€œ๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎„๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎€ณ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎€ข๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎†๎€œ๎€ช๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€‰๎€œ
๎€ญ๎€๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎€ซ๎๎€ฃ๎€ƒ
B1๎…ฏ
๏ต
๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ญ๎€๎€ข๎€ก๎€˜๎€บ๎€ก๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€ƒ๎…ฎ3๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎€๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€ข๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎…๎€ก๎„‰๎‡๎€๎€ƒ
๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎๎‡๎€ก๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€๎€ซ๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎€ซ๎๎‡๎€ก๎€˜๎€บ๎€ก๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎€ซ๎๎€ฃ๎€ƒ
B2๎…ฏ
๏ต
๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€œ๎€Š๎€ต๎€ข๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎‡๎€ก๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎€ณ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎€ข๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€ƒ
๎€œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ก๎„Š๎€บ๎€๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎…๎€ฒ๎€œ๎€๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎€ซ๎๎€ฃ๎€ƒ
B3๎…ฏ
๏ต
๎€‰๎€œ๎€Œ๎€น๎€ก๎†๎€ช๎€‰๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎€ณ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎€ข๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ก๎„Š๎€บ๎€ƒ๎…ฎ4๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎€ญ๎€๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎‡๎€ฒ๎„‰
๎€ƒ
๎€Œ๎€น๎€ก๎†๎€ช๎€‰๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎‡๎€ก๎€ซ๎„‰๎€ต๎€๎€ช๎€พ๎€œ
๏ต
๎€œ๎€พ๎€๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€๎€พ๎€๎„๎€ญ๎‹๎€‰๎€ก๎„Š๎€ต๎€ช๎€ƒ๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€œ๎€Š๎€ต๎€ข๎€œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€น๎€๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ƒ
๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎‡๎€ก๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎€ณ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎€ข๎€œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€น๎€
๏ต
๎€‰๎€œ๎€Œ๎€น๎€ก๎†๎€ช๎€‰๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎€ณ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎€ข๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€น๎€๎€ƒ๎…ฎ4๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎€ญ๎€๎€ƒ
๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎„๎€ญ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ก๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎‡๎€ก๎€ซ๎„‰๎€ต๎€๎€ช๎€พ๎€œ
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€ฒ๎„‰๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ž๎€ต๎€œ๎€ž๎€๎€๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎€ซ๎๎€ฃ๎€ƒ
C
๎…ฏ
๏ต
๎‡๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ž๎€๎€๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ƒ๎…ฎ6๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ต๎€ข๎€’๎„‰๎€ต๎€๎„๎€ฃ๎„„๎€บ๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ƒ๎…ฎ2๎…ฏ๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎€ฏ๎„Š
๏ต
๎„๎€ญ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ก๎€ž๎€๎€๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎€ช๎€น๎€๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€ข๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎…๎€ก๎„‰๎‡๎€
๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ž๎€๎€๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ช๎€พ๎€œ๎„๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎…๎€ก๎„‰๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ก๎€บ
๏ต
๎„๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎€ต๎€œ๎€ž๎€๎€๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€œ๎€พ๎€๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎€Ÿ๎€บ๎€๎€œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€น๎€๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ƒ
๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€๎€œ๎€ต๎€ต๎€‰๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€’๎„‰๎€ต๎€๎„๎€ฃ๎„„๎€บ๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก
๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎…ง๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎„‰๎€ต๎€ช๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ซ๎‹๎€ฏ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€
๎€ƒ
๎€ณ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ฉ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€ก๎†๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€œ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ฉ
18
STEL421
๎€ƒ๎…ณ๎€ƒ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€ข๎€Œ๎€๎€ฉ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ซ๎‹๎€ฏ
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€ข๎€Œ๎€๎€ฉ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ซ๎‹๎€ฏ๎€’๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ช๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€Œ๎€๎€›๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ซ๎‹๎€ฏ๎€Š๎€ต๎€
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ธ๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎€ฏ๎€น๎€ฒ๎€œ๎€๎€’๎€ผ๎๎€ก๎€๎€บ๎€ก
๏ต
๎€๎€น๎๎€๎€ฃ๎€๎„„๎€ฉ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€ข๎€Œ๎€๎€ฉ๎€ƒ(5)๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎€ช๎€น๎€๎€Œ๎„‰๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ƒ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ซ๎‹๎€ฏ๎€ฒ๎๎€๎€ƒ
๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ซ๎‹๎€ฏ๎€ฃ๎€บ๎€ก๎€‰๎€ญ๎€บ๎€๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎€ฝ๎„๎€ก๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€ซ๎„๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ƒ
๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„Š๎€ฒ๎€น๎€๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ธ๎€ณ๎„๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ซ๎‹๎€ฏ๎€๎Œ๎€ป๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎…๎€ค๎„‰๎€ก๎€ต๎€ธ๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฝ๎€ญ๎€ผ๎€Œ๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎†๎€ญ๎€ณ๎€ธ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎‡๎€’๎„‰๎„๎€ณ๎€ญ๎‹๎€‰๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€‰๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ต๎€ต๎€‰
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎„๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’๎„๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฆ๎€ƒ
D
๎…ฏ
๏ต
๎„๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎„๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’๎„๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ
๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€‰๎€œ๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ก๎„Š๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ซ๎๎€ฃ๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎€ƒ๎ƒŸ
I๎ƒ ๎€ƒ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’๎„๎„๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎…ต๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎€ƒ(1)
๏ต
๎„๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ƒ๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’๎„๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ
๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€‰๎€œ๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ก๎„Š๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ซ๎๎€ฃ๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎€ƒ๎ƒŸ
O๎ƒ ๎€ƒ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’๎„๎„๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎…ต๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎„๎€Ÿ๎€ž๎€๎€๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎€ซ๎๎€ฃ๎€ƒ
C
๎…ฏ
๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€ซ๎„๎€Ÿ๎€ž๎€๎€๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ƒ(6)๎€ƒ๎€Ÿ๎€๎€‰๎€ƒ10๎€ƒ๎€ก๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก
๏ต
๎€œ๎€พ๎€๎€ž๎€๎€๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ƒ(6)๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎€Ÿ๎€บ๎€๎€œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€น๎€๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ณ๎€ญ๎€๎€œ๎€ต๎€ต๎€‰๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€ƒ
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต
๏ต
๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎Œ๎€ป๎€ฆ๎€ฏ๎€ช๎€ž๎€๎€๎€ญ๎€๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎„๎€Š๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€ž๎€๎€๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ƒ(6)๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ฒ๎€ผ๎Œ๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰๎€ƒ
๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎€๎‡๎€ก๎€ต๎€ต๎€‰๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€œ
๏ต
๎„๎€ญ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ก๎€ž๎€๎€๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ƒ(6)๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎€ฃ๎€ช๎€น๎€๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€ข๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ƒ
๎…๎€ก๎„‰๎‡๎€๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ž๎€๎€๎„๎€‰๎‹๎€ข๎€ฅ๎€๎„„๎€ก๎€ช๎€พ๎€œ๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎…๎€ก๎„‰๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ก๎€บ
๎€Š๎„Š๎€ต๎…๎€ก๎€ธ๎€ก๎€ป๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎„๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฒ๎€๎€œ๎€ƒ๎…ฎ๎€ซ๎๎€ฃ๎€ƒ
E
๎…ฏ
๏ต
๎€๎€น๎€ข๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎€ช๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Ÿ๎€น๎๎€๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€๎€Š๎„Š๎€บ๎€๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ต
๏ต
๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎…๎€ซ๎€๎€‰๎€œ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€‰๎„๎€‰๎€ผ๎€ก๎ˆ๎€ฃ
๏ต
๎€๎€ซ๎€ฏ๎€๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€ข๎€ฒ๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฆ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€๎€ป
๎€ƒ ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎„๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€ก๎‡๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎„๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ป๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก
๏ต
๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ญ๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„Š๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ต
๏ต
๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ธ๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€’๎€น๎๎€ก๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€’๎€น๎๎€ก๎‡๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€‰๎„‰๎€ต๎€ก๎€๎€ธ๎€Ÿ๎€บ๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ต๎€ฝ๎€‰๎€’๎€น๎๎€ก๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ƒ
๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ญ๎€ธ๎„๎€ต๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€œ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€‰๎Š
๏ต
๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ก๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎๎€ก๎€ค๎€ผ๎€ฏ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎Œ๎€ป๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ต๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Š๎€น๎€œ๎€ญ๎€ต๎€‰๎€’๎€น๎๎€ก๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ฒ๎€ฝ๎€ƒ
๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€ซ๎€ผ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎€ช๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ณ๎€ช๎€บ๎€ข๎€ƒ๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎๎€ก๎€ค๎€ผ๎€ฏ๎…๎€ข๎€ข๎€ต๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ก๎€ƒ๎€ƒ
๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎„๎€ซ๎€ผ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ฏ๎€ช๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€ณ๎€ช๎€บ๎€ข๎€ฃ๎€บ๎€ก๎€‰๎€ญ๎€บ๎€๎€ƒ๎€Ÿ๎€น๎๎€๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎€ฝ๎€ƒ
๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€Œ๎„‰๎€ต๎€ช๎Š๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€ก๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ญ๎€ธ๎„๎€ต๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€œ๎€ƒ
๎„๎€ฆ๎€ผ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€Š๎€พ๎๎€ก๎€ƒ๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ค๎€ผ๎€ฏ๎€’๎€ผ๎๎€ก๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€ซ๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€ข
๏ต
๎€ƒ
๎€ฒ๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€Š๎„Š๎€ต๎€ฉ๎๎€ญ๎„๎€ฆ๎€ผ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎„๎€๎€ผ๎€ฉ๎„๎€‰๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€ฏ๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎„๎€ฒ๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€ฉ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ก๎„‰๎€บ๎€ช
๎€ƒ
๎†๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€œ๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€พ๎€‰๎€ฑ๎€บ๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎…๎€Ÿ๎€ก๎€๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ก๎„‰๎€บ๎€ช๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€Ÿ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก
๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎„๎€ฒ๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€ฉ
๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ซ๎€ซ๎€ž๎€ก๎€ธ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€๎€ธ๎€Š๎€พ๎๎€ก๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎„๎€ฒ๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€ฉ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ƒ
๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎„๎€ฒ๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€ฉ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ƒ
Stanley๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ƒPiranha๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ต๎€ต๎€‰๎…๎€ข๎€ข๎€ƒ
๎€Ÿ๎€บ๎€๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€ฐ๎€ฏ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€ซ๎€ฉ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€๎€ซ๎€˜๎€บ๎€ก๎€Œ๎€๎€›๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฆ๎€ฒ๎๎€๎€ƒ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎„๎€ฆ๎€ผ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ซ๎€ซ๎€ž๎€ก๎€ธ
๎€ƒ
๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€Œ๎€๎€›๎€ƒ๎€Œ๎€๎€›๎€๎€พ๎€๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฝ
๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ผ๎€Ÿ๎€ ๎€ผ๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฆ๎€ฒ๎๎€๎€ฒ๎€๎€œ๎„๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎„๎€ฒ๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€ฉ๎„๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€ฝ๎
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ข๎€ป๎€ซ๎€๎€๎€ซ๎€น๎€‰๎€ฑ๎€บ
๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€Œ๎€๎€›๎€ต๎€ต๎€‰๎…๎€ข๎€ข๎€ฉ๎€บ๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ฒ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ž๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ƒ
๎€ช๎€บ๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€บ๎€ก๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎„๎€ก๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎†๎€œ๎€ช๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ข๎€ป๎€ซ๎€๎€๎€ซ๎€น๎€‰๎€ฑ๎€บ๎€ก๎„Š๎€ต๎€ช๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฒ๎€๎€œ๎€ƒ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€๎€บ๎€ก
๎€ƒ
๎‡๎€ก๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€œ๎€น๎€ข๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฒ๎€ซ๎„Š๎€บ๎€๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฆ๎€พ๎€๎€ฆ๎€ต๎‡๎€๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎„๎€ก๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€๎€ธ๎€Š๎€พ๎๎€ก๎€ต๎€ช๎๎„‰๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎€ƒ
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€œ๎๎…๎€ญ๎€ซ๎€น๎€‰๎€ฑ๎€บ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎„๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฒ๎€ธ๎€ต๎€บ๎€œ
๎€ƒ
๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎Œ๎€ป๎„๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€ต
๎€Œ๎€ป๎„๎€๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ก๎…ง๎€ƒ๎€‰๎„‰๎€ต๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ข๎€ป๎€ซ๎€๎€๎€ซ๎€น๎€‰๎€ฑ๎€บ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ฃ๎„€๎€œ๎€ฒ๎€ฏ๎€ผ๎€๎€’๎„๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ
๎€ƒ
๎€ž๎€ต๎€œ๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€น๎Ž๎€‰๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Ÿ๎€๎€‰๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€น๎๎€
๏ต
๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฒ๎€ธ๎€ต๎€บ๎€œ๎€’๎„‰๎€ต๎€๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ข๎€บ๎€ช๎€ต๎€บ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ฐ๎‡๎€ก๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€Œ๎€๎€›
๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€๎€ป๎†๎€œ๎€ช๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎…๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€๎€Š๎€ก๎€ต๎„‰๎€ต๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ค๎„Š๎€บ๎…๎€ณ๎„Š๎€
๏ต
๎€ƒ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฒ๎€ธ๎€ต๎€บ๎€œ๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎€ฉ๎€ต๎„๎€๎€ต๎€ซ๎„๎„๎€ฃ๎„‘๎€ก๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€๎€ป๎†๎€œ๎€ช๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ค๎„Š๎€บ๎€’๎€๎€ข๎€ก๎๎€ป๎€ƒ
๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€œ๎Š
๎€ƒ ๎€ณ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ฉ๎‡๎€’๎„Š๎€ก๎๎€ป๎€ช๎€บ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€Œ๎€ฏ๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€ฒ๎€ธ๎€ต๎€บ๎€œ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ฌ๎€Ÿ๎€ ๎€ผ๎๎€‰๎€น๎€œ๎€‰๎€ซ๎„‰๎€ต๎€ก๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ƒ
๎€ฒ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€ค๎€ฒ๎€ฉ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎€Ÿ๎€ป๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ญ๎€บ๎€ช
๎€Š๎„Š๎€ต๎€ฉ๎๎€ญ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ
Stanley๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€Š๎„‰๎€บ๎€ช๎€ฐ๎๎€ก๎€ช๎„๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€ฑ๎€น๎€Ÿ๎„๎€ต๎€๎€ƒ
๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ฐ๎๎€ก๎€ช๎„๎€ท๎€ƒ๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ต๎€๎„๎€๎‹๎€ฉ๎€ซ๎๎€ฃ๎…๎€ข๎€ข๎€Ÿ๎€น๎Œ๎€ฏ๎€Ÿ๎€น๎๎€๎€Ÿ๎€ฏ๎€ฝ๎€ฃ๎„๎€ต๎„๎€’๎€ฝ๎€ช๎€ƒ
๎€ฐ๎๎€ก๎€ช๎„๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ƒ
Stanley๎€ƒ๎€Ÿ๎€๎€‰๎…๎€ณ๎„‰๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ฆ๎€ก๎€น๎€‰๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€Ÿ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ค๎„‰๎€บ๎€ก๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ฅ๎„‚๎€‰๎€ต๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ฉ๎€ƒ
๎„๎€ฆ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€ข๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎„๎€‰๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€ฏ๎€‰๎€น๎€ข๎„๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€ง๎€ง๎„…๎€บ๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎€ฒ๎€ผ๎€Ÿ๎€ ๎€ผ๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฆ
๎€ƒ
๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎„๎€’๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€ž๎€ฟ๎€ต๎ˆ๎€œ๎„Š๎€ƒ๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎„‰๎€บ๎€Œ๎€๎€›๎€๎€ธ๎€๎„Š๎€ต๎€๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€Œ๎€ป๎…๎€ก๎€ธ๎€ก๎€ป๎€œ๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎„๎€Ÿ๎€Œ๎€ก๎€ผ๎€Œ๎€ƒ
๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€“๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฉ๎…๎€“๎€ฉ๎€ƒ๎€ณ๎€ซ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€ต๎€ธ๎ˆ๎€ณ๎€ญ๎„‰๎…๎€Ÿ๎„Š๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎†๎€ซ๎€๎€๎€บ๎€ก๎€ƒ๎†๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€œ๎€๎€ผ๎€œ๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎€ฐ๎๎€ก๎€ช๎„๎€ƒ
Stanley๎€ƒ๎‡๎€‰๎€ญ๎„Š๎€ข๎„Š๎€บ๎€ก๎€Œ๎€๎€›
๎€ณ๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€ช๎„๎€ณ๎€๎€
๏ต
๎„๎€ก๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€ƒStanley๎€ƒ๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€ก๎†๎€ช๎€ข๎€บ๎€ช๎€ฆ๎€น๎€š๎€ก๎€บ๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€น๎€ข๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€๎€๎€ค๎€ญ๎€ผ๎€๎€จ๎€น๎€›๎€™๎„
๎€ต๎€ช๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€๎„‰๎€ต๎„๎€ก๎€ฟ๎Œ๎€ต๎€๎€ƒ๎€œ๎€น๎€๎€ก๎€น๎๎€ก๎€ƒ๎„๎€ซ๎€บ๎€๎€พ๎€๎€Š๎€ต๎€ฒ๎€๎€ฏ๎€ก๎€ฒ๎€ผ๎€Ÿ๎€ ๎€ผ๎๎‡๎€ก๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎„๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€ฝ๎Œ๎€ช๎€ก๎€ƒ
๎…๎€ฃ๎€ญ๎€๎€Š๎„Š๎€ต๎€ฉ๎๎€ญ๎€๎€ป๎„๎€ฆ๎€บ๎€ธ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ค๎€ญ๎€ผ๎€๎€จ๎€น๎€›๎€™๎„๎†๎€œ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎…๎€๎„Š๎€๎‡๎€ณ๎„Š๎€Ÿ๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ข๎€ƒ
๎€ญ๎„‰๎€ฏ๎€๎€ณ๎€ก๎„Š๎€บ
๏ต
๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎€ฉ๎€บ๎€๎€ซ๎€˜๎€บ๎€ก๎…๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ต๎€๎€ฃ๎€‰๎€ซ๎€›๎„๎„๎€ฒ๎€ซ๎€ผ๎€ฉ๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎…๎€๎€‰๎€๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ก๎€ƒ
๎‡๎€ก๎…๎€๎„‰๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎„๎€Ÿ๎€ฐ
๏ต
๎€Š๎„Š๎€ต๎€ฉ๎๎€ญ๎€๎€ป๎„๎€ฆ๎€บ๎€ธ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ค๎€ญ๎€ผ๎€๎€จ๎€น๎€›๎€™๎„๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎…๎€๎€‰๎€๎„‰๎€บ๎€๎€‰๎€น๎€ก๎‡๎€ก๎…๎€๎„‰๎€ญ๎€ธ๎€ƒ
๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎„๎€Ÿ๎€ฐ
๏ต
๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎„๎€ญ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€‰๎€ค๎€ญ๎€ผ๎€๎€จ๎€น๎€›๎€™๎„๎€ต๎€บ๎€๎€ฉ๎€ฝ๎€๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ก๎„‰๎€บ๎€ช๎ˆ๎€ฉ๎„‰๎€Œ๎€ซ๎€ข๎€Ÿ๎€๎€‰๎€ซ๎€บ๎€ช๎€‰๎€บ๎€ซ๎€ƒ
๎‡๎€ก๎€ข๎€บ๎€๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎„๎€Ÿ๎€ฐ๎€ƒ๎†๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€œ๎€ฒ๎€ต๎€ข๎€ž๎€บ๎€ฉ๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎„๎€ญ๎€ฟ๎€ต๎€‰๎€ค๎€ญ๎€ผ๎€๎€จ๎€น๎€›๎€™๎„๎€๎€บ๎€‰๎€ƒ
๎€๎€น๎€ฏ๎…๎€Ÿ๎€ก๎€๎€ป๎€ณ๎€ก๎„‰๎€บ๎€ช๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€ƒ
Stanley๎€ƒ๎‡๎€ก๎€ฃ๎€ซ๎€ธ๎„๎€Ÿ๎€ฐ๎€Š๎€ต๎€๎€Œ๎€๎€›
๎€จ๎€บ๎€ฑ๎€บ๎ˆ๎€Ÿ๎€ช
19
20
TIแบพNG VIแป†T
Mรกy chร m nhรกm
STEL421 1/3
Thรดng sแป‘ kแปน thuแบญt
STEL421
ฤiแป‡n รกp ฤ‘แบงu vร o V
AC
220-240
Cรดng suแบฅt ฤ‘แบงu vร o W 210
Sแป‘ dao ฤ‘แป™ng (khรดng tแบฃi) phรบt
-1
14,000 - 30,000
Sแป‘ vรฒng (khรดng tแบฃi) phรบt
-1
7,000 - 15,000
Kรญch thฦฐแป›c ฤ‘แบฟ mm 90 x 187
Trแปng lฦฐแปฃng kg 1.3
Mแปฅc ฤ‘รญch sแปญ dแปฅng
Mรกy chร  nhรกm Stanley ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc thiแบฟt kแบฟ ฤ‘แปƒ chร  gแป—, kim loแบกi,
nhแปฑa vร  cรกc bแป mแบทt sฦกn.Dแปฅng cแปฅ nร y chแป‰ ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc thiแบฟt kแบฟ
phแปฅc vแปฅ ngฦฐแปi tiรชu dรนng.
Hฦฐแป›ng dแบซn an toร n
Cแบฃnh bรกo chung vแป an toร n cรกc dแปฅng cแปฅ
ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay
Cแบฃnh bรกo! Hรฃy ฤ‘แปc tแบฅt cแบฃ cรกc cแบฃnh bรกo vร 
hฦฐแป›ng dแบซn vแป an toร n. Viแป‡c khรดng tuรขn theo
cรกc cแบฃnh bรกo vร  hฦฐแป›ng dแบซn ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc liแป‡t kรช dฦฐแป›i
ฤ‘รขy cรณ thแปƒ gรขy giแบญt ฤ‘iแป‡n, chรกy nแป• vร /hoแบทc chแบฅn
thฦฐฦกng nghiรชm trแปng.
Giแปฏ lแบกi tแบฅt cแบฃ cรกc cแบฃnh bรกo vร  hฦฐแป›ng dแบซn ฤ‘แปƒ tham
khแบฃo vแป sau. Thuแบญt ngแปฏ โ€œdแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tayโ€ trong
phแบงn cแบฃnh bรกo chแป‰ dแปฅng cแปฅ chแบกy bแบฑng ฤ‘iแป‡n nguแป“n (cรณ
dรขy ฤ‘iแป‡n) hoแบทc dแปฅng cแปฅ chแบกy bแบฑng pin (khรดng cรณ dรขy
ฤ‘iแป‡n).
1. An toร n tแบกi nฦกi lร m viแป‡c
a. Giแปฏ cho nฦกi lร m viแป‡c luรดn sแบกch sแบฝ vร  ฤ‘แปง รกnh
sรกng. Nhแปฏng khu vแปฑc bแปซa bแป™n hoแบทc thiแบฟu รกnh sรกng
dแป… gรขy tai nแบกn.
b. Khรดng vแบญn hร nh dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay trong cรกc
mรดi trฦฐแปng dแป… chรกy nแป•, nhฦฐ cรกc mรดi trฦฐแปng cรณ
chแบฅt lแปng, khรญ hoแบทc bแปฅi dแป… chรกy. Dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm
tay tแบกo ra cรกc tia lแปญa ฤ‘iแป‡n cรณ thแปƒ gรขy chรกy bแปฅi hoแบทc
bแป‘c khรณi.
c. Khรดng cho trแบป em vร  nhแปฏng ngฦฐแปi khรดng liรชn
quan lแบกi gแบงn khi ฤ‘ang vแบญn hร nh dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm
tay. Nhแปฏng lรบc xao lรฃng cรณ thแปƒ khiแบฟn bแบกn mแบฅt kiแปƒm
soรกt.
2. An toร n ฤ‘iแป‡n
a. Phรญch cแบฏm cแปงa dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay phแบฃi vแปซa
vแป›i แป• cแบฏm. Khรดng ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc sแปญa ฤ‘แป•i phรญch cแบฏm dฦฐแป›i
bแบฅt kแปณ hรฌnh thแปฉc nร o. Khรดng ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc sแปญ dแปฅng cรกc
phรญch cแบฏm tiแบฟp hแปฃp vแป›i nhแปฏng dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm
tay cรณ nแป‘i ฤ‘แบฅt. Phรญch cแบฏm nguyรชn gแป‘c vร  แป• cแบฏm phรน
hแปฃp sแบฝ giแบฃm nguy cฦก bแป‹ ฤ‘iแป‡n giแบญt.
b. Trรกnh tiแบฟp xรบc vแป›i cรกc bแป mแบทt ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc nแป‘i ฤ‘แบฅt nhฦฐ
ฤ‘ฦฐแปng แป‘ng, lรฒ sฦฐแปŸi, bแบฟp nฦฐแป›ng vร  tแปง lแบกnh. Nguy
cฦก bแป‹ ฤ‘iแป‡n giแบญt sแบฝ cao hฦกn nแบฟu cฦก thแปƒ bแบกn nแป‘i ฤ‘แบฅt.
c. Khรดng ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc ฤ‘แปƒ cรกc dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay ngoร i
trแปi mฦฐa hoแบทc แปŸ nฦกi แบฉm ฦฐแป›t. Nฦฐแป›c vร o trong dแปฅng
cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay sแบฝ lร m tฤƒng nguy cฦก bแป‹ ฤ‘iแป‡n giแบญt.
d. Khรดng sแปญ dแปฅng dรขy ฤ‘iแป‡n vร o cรกc mแปฅc ฤ‘รญch khรกc.
Tuyแป‡t ฤ‘แป‘i khรดng sแปญ dแปฅng dรขy ฤ‘iแป‡n ฤ‘แปƒ mang, kรฉo
hoแบทc rรบt phรญch cแบฏm dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay. ฤแปƒ dรขy
ฤ‘iแป‡n cรกch xa nguแป“n nhiแป‡t, dแบงu mแปก, cรกc cแบกnh sแบฏc
hoแบทc cรกc bแป™ phแบญn chuyแปƒn ฤ‘แป™ng. Dรขy ฤ‘iแป‡n bแป‹ hแปng
hoแบทc bแป‹ vฦฐแป›ng sแบฝ lร m tฤƒng nguy cฦก bแป‹ ฤ‘iแป‡n giแบญt
e. Khi vแบญn hร nh dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay ngoร i trแปi,
hรฃy sแปญ dแปฅng dรขy nแป‘i dร i phรน hแปฃp ฤ‘แปƒ sแปญ dแปฅng
ngoร i trแปi. Sแปญ dแปฅng dรขy ฤ‘iแป‡n phรน hแปฃp ฤ‘แปƒ sแปญ dแปฅng
ngoร i trแปi sแบฝ giแบฃm nguy cฦก bแป‹ ฤ‘iแป‡n giแบญt.
f. Nแบฟu bแบฏt buแป™c phแบฃi vแบญn hร nh dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay
แปŸ nฦกi แบฉm ฦฐแป›t, hรฃy sแปญ dแปฅng nguแป“n ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc bแบฃo vแป‡
bแปŸi thiแบฟt bแป‹ ngแบฏt mแบกch tแปฑ ฤ‘แป™ng (RCD). Sแปญ dแปฅng
RCD giรบp giแบฃm nguy cฦก bแป‹ ฤ‘iแป‡n giแบญt
3. An toร n cรก nhรขn
a. Hรฃy tแบญp trung, chรบ รฝ vร o nhแปฏng gรฌ bแบกn ฤ‘ang lร m
vร  tแป‰nh tรกo khi vแบญn hร nh dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay.
Khรดng ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc sแปญ dแปฅng dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay khi
bแบกn ฤ‘ang mแป‡t hoแบทc uแป‘ng rฦฐแปฃu bia, sแปญ dแปฅng ma
tรบy hoแบทc chแบฅt kรญch thรญch. Mแป™t khoแบฃnh khแบฏc mแบฅt tแบญp
trung trong khi vแบญn hร nh dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay cรณ thแปƒ
dแบซn ฤ‘แบฟn chแบฅn thฦฐฦกng cรก nhรขn nghiรชm trแปng.
b. Sแปญ dแปฅng cรกc thiแบฟt bแป‹ bแบฃo hแป™ cรก nhรขn. Luรดn ฤ‘eo
kรญnh bแบฃo hแป™.Thiแบฟt bแป‹ bแบฃo hแป™ nhฦฐ mแบทt nแบก chแป‘ng bแปฅi,
giร y chแป‘ng trฦฐแปฃt, mลฉ cแปฉng, hoแบทc bแบฃo vแป‡ tai nแบฟu ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc
sแปญ dแปฅng แปŸ nhแปฏng ฤ‘iแปu kiแป‡n phรน hแปฃp sแบฝ giแบฃm cรกc
chแบฅn thฦฐฦกng cรก nhรขn.
c. Trรกnh bแบญt mรกy khรดng chแปง ฤ‘แป‹nh. ฤแบฃm bแบฃo rแบฑng
cรดng tแบฏc แปŸ vแป‹ trรญ tแบฏt trฦฐแป›c khi nแป‘i vแป›i nguแป“n ฤ‘iแป‡n
vร /hoแบทc pin, khi cแบงm hoแบทc mang dแปฅng cแปฅ. Cรณ thแปƒ
xแบฃy ra tai nแบกn nแบฟu ฤ‘แบทt ngรณn tay trรชn cรดng tแบฏc khi ฤ‘ang
cแบงm dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay hoแบทc cรดng tแบฏc cแปงa dแปฅng cแปฅ
ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay ฤ‘ang bแบญt khi sแบกc pin.
d. Hรฃy thรกo hแบฟt khรณa ฤ‘iแปu chแป‰nh hoแบทc cแป lรช trฦฐแป›c khi
bแบญt dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay. Cแป lรช hoแบทc khรณa vแบซn ฤ‘แปƒแปŸ
bแป™ phแบญn ฤ‘ang quay cแปงa dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay cรณ thแปƒ
dแบซn ฤ‘แบฟn chแบฅn thฦฐฦกng cรก nhรขn.
e. Khรดng ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc vแป›i tay. Hรฃy ฤ‘แปฉng แปŸ tฦฐ thแบฟ thรญch hแปฃp
vร  luรดn giแปฏ thฤƒng bแบฑng. ฤiแปu ฤ‘รณ giรบp kiแปƒm soรกt
dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay tแป‘t hฦกn khi gแบทp cรกc tรฌnh huแป‘ng
khรดng lฦฐแปng trฦฐแป›c ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc.
f. Mแบทc quแบงn รกo phรน hแปฃp. Khรดng mแบทc quแบงn รกo rแป™ng
hoแบทc ฤ‘eo ฤ‘แป“ trang sแปฉc. Giแปฏ cho tรณc, quแบงn รกo vร 
gฤƒng tay trรกnh xa khแปi cรกc bแป™ phแบญn chuyแปƒn ฤ‘แป™ng.
Quแบงn รกo rแป™ng, ฤ‘แป“ trang sแปฉc hoแบทc tรณc dร i cรณ thแปƒ bแป‹
mแบฏc vร o cรกc bแป™ phแบญn chuyแปƒn ฤ‘แป™ng.
g. Nแบฟu cรกc dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc cung cแบฅp ฤ‘แปƒ nแป‘i cรกc
phฦฐฦกng tiแป‡n hรบt hoแบทc gom bแปฅi, hรฃy ฤ‘แบฃm bแบฃo
nhแปฏng dแปฅng cแปฅ nร y ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc nแป‘i vร  sแปญ dแปฅng ฤ‘รบng
cรกch. Sแปญ dแปฅng thiแบฟt bแป‹ gom bแปฅi cรณ thแปƒ giแบฃm cรกc nguy
cฦก liรชn quan ฤ‘แบฟn bแปฅi.
4. Sแปญ dแปฅng vร  bแบฃo quแบฃn dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay
a. Sแปญ dแปฅng dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay phรน hแปฃp. Sแปญ dแปฅng
dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay phรน hแปฃp cho แปฉng dแปฅng cแปงa
bแบกn. Dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay phรน hแปฃp sแบฝ giรบp cho cรดng
viแป‡c tแป‘t hฦกn vร  an toร n hฦกn theo ฤ‘รบng tแป‘c ฤ‘แป™ ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc
thiแบฟt kแบฟ.
b. Khรดng sแปญ dแปฅng dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n cแบงm tay nแบฟu cรดng
tแบฏc khรดng bแบญt vร  tแบฏt ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc. Nhแปฏng dแปฅng cแปฅ ฤ‘iแป‡n
cแบงm tay khรดng ฤ‘iแปu khiแปƒn ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc bแบฑng cรดng tแบฏc ฤ‘แปu rแบฅt
nguy hiแปƒm vร  cแบงn phแบฃi ฤ‘ฦฐแปฃc sแปญa chแปฏa.
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