Alcatel-Lucent 7950 Configuration manual

Alcatel-Lucent

7450 ETHERNET SERVICE SWITCH

7750 SERVICE ROUTER

7950 EXTENSIBLE ROUTING SYSTEM

ROUTER CONFIGURATION GUIDE

RELEASE 14.0.R1

ROUTER CONFIGURATION GUIDE RELEASE 14.0.R1

Alcatel-Lucent Proprietary

This document contains proprietary information of Alcatel-Lucent and is not to be disclosed or used except in

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without notice.

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This document may contain information regarding the use and installation of non-Alcatel-Lucent products. Please

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This document was originally written in English. If there is any conflict or inconsistency between the English

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Router Configuration Guide 3

Table of Contents

Getting Started...................................................................................................................................... 11

About This Guide................................................................................................................................................11

In This Chapter...................................................................................................................................................11

Router Configuration Process ............................................................................................................................11

IP Router Configuration ...................................................................................................................... 13

In This Chapter...................................................................................................................................................13

Configuring IP Router Parameters .....................................................................................................................13

Interfaces.......................................................................................................................................................14

Network Interface.....................................................................................................................................14

Network Domains.....................................................................................................................................14

System Interface ......................................................................................................................................15

Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding Check (uRPF)....................................................................................16

Creating an IP Address Range ................................................................................................................17

QoS Policy Propagation Using BGP (QPPB)...........................................................................................17

QPPB .......................................................................................................................................................19

QPPB and GRT Lookup...........................................................................................................................24

Router ID.......................................................................................................................................................27

Autonomous Systems (AS) ...........................................................................................................................28

Confederations..............................................................................................................................................28

Proxy ARP.....................................................................................................................................................29

Exporting an Inactive BGP Route from a VPRN ...........................................................................................30

DHCP Relay..................................................................................................................................................30

Internet Protocol Versions.............................................................................................................................30

IPv6 Address Format ...............................................................................................................................32

IPv6 Applications......................................................................................................................................33

DNS..........................................................................................................................................................35

Secure Neighbor Discovery (SeND) ........................................................................................................35

SeND Persistent CGAs............................................................................................................................36

IPv6 Provider Edge Router over MPLS (6PE) .........................................................................................42

Static Route Resolution Using Tunnels.........................................................................................................43

Static Route ECMP Support ....................................................................................................................45

Weighted Load-Balancing over MPLS LSP........................................................................................................45

Weighted Load Balancing IGP, BGP, and Static Route Prefix Packets over IGP Shortcut ..........................46

Feature Configuration ..............................................................................................................................46

Feature Behavior......................................................................................................................................47

ECMP Considerations..............................................................................................................................48

Weighted Load Balancing Static Route Packets over MPLS LSP ...........................................................49

Bi-directional Forwarding Detection ..............................................................................................................50

BFD Control Packet .................................................................................................................................51

Control Packet Format .............................................................................................................................51

BFD for RSVP-TE ....................................................................................................................................53

Echo Support ...........................................................................................................................................53

BFD Support for BGP...............................................................................................................................54

Centralized BFD.......................................................................................................................................54

Aggregate Next Hop.................................................................................................................................55

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4 Router Configuration Guide

Invalidate Next-Hop Based on ARP/Neighbor Cache State.....................................................................56

LDP Shortcut for IGP Route Resolution...................................................................................................56

Weighted Load-Balancing over Interface Next-hops..........................................................................................61

Process Overview...............................................................................................................................................61

Configuration Notes............................................................................................................................................62

Configuring an IP Router with CLI......................................................................................................................63

Router Configuration Overview ..........................................................................................................................63

System Interface ...........................................................................................................................................64

Network Interface ..........................................................................................................................................64

Basic Configuration ...........................................................................................................................................64

Common Configuration Tasks............................................................................................................................65

Configuring a System Name .........................................................................................................................66

Configuring Interfaces ...................................................................................................................................66

Configuring a System Interface................................................................................................................66

Configuring a Network Interface...............................................................................................................67

Configuring IPv6 Parameters...................................................................................................................68

Configuring IPv6 Over IPv4 Parameters..................................................................................................69

Tunnel Ingress Node................................................................................................................................70

Tunnel Egress Node ................................................................................................................................73

Router Advertisement ..............................................................................................................................76

Configuring IPv6 Parameters...................................................................................................................78

Configuring Proxy ARP ............................................................................................................................79

Creating an IP Address Range ................................................................................................................81

Deriving the Router ID...................................................................................................................................81

Configuring a Confederation .........................................................................................................................82

Configuring an Autonomous System.............................................................................................................83

Configuring Overload State on a Single SFM ...............................................................................................84

Service Management Tasks...............................................................................................................................84

Changing the System Name .........................................................................................................................84

Modifying Interface Parameters ....................................................................................................................85

Deleting a Logical IP Interface ......................................................................................................................86

IP Router Configuration Command Reference...................................................................................................87

Command Hierarchies...................................................................................................................................87

Router Commands...................................................................................................................................88

Router BFD commands............................................................................................................................90

Router L2TP Commands .........................................................................................................................91

Router Interface Commands....................................................................................................................93

Router Interface IPv6 Commands............................................................................................................96

Router Advertisement Commands...........................................................................................................97

Command Descriptions.................................................................................................................................99

Generic Commands .................................................................................................................................99

Router Global Commands......................................................................................................................100

Router L2TP Commands ...........................................................................................................

............141

Router Interface Commands..................................................................................................................164

Router Advertisement Commands.........................................................................................................223

Show, Clear, and Debug Command Reference ..............................................................................................231

Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................231

Show Commands...................................................................................................................................232

Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................233

Table of Contents

Router Configuration Guide 5

Debug Commands .................................................................................................................................234

Tools Commands...................................................................................................................................235

Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................236

Show Commands...................................................................................................................................236

Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................352

Debug Commands .................................................................................................................................357

VRRP ................................................................................................................................................... 369

In This Chapter.................................................................................................................................................369

VRRP Overview................................................................................................................................................370

VRRP Components ..........................................................................................................................................370

Virtual Router ..............................................................................................................................................371

IP Address Owner .......................................................................................................................................371

Primary and Secondary IP Addresses ........................................................................................................372

Virtual Router Master ..................................................................................................................................372

Virtual Router Backup .................................................................................................................................372

Owner and Non-Owner VRRP ....................................................................................................................373

Configurable Parameters ............................................................................................................................373

Virtual Router ID (VRID).........................................................................................................................374

Priority....................................................................................................................................................374

IP Addresses..........................................................................................................................................375

Message Interval and Master Inheritance..............................................................................................375

Skew Time .............................................................................................................................................376

Master Down Interval .............................................................................................................................376

Preempt Mode........................................................................................................................................376

VRRP Message Authentication .............................................................................................................377

Authentication Data................................................................................................................................379

Virtual MAC Address..............................................................................................................................379

VRRP Advertisement Message IP Address List Verification..................................................................379

Inherit Master VRRP Router’s Advertisement Interval Timer.................................................................380

IPv6 Virtual Router Instance Operationally Up.......................................................................................380

Policies...................................................................................................................................................380

VRRP Priority Control Policies .........................................................................................................................381

VRRP Virtual Router Policy Constraints......................................................................................................381

VRRP Virtual Router Instance Base Priority ...............................................................................................381

VRRP Priority Control Policy Delta In-Use Priority Limit .............................................................................381

VRRP Priority Control Policy Priority Events...............................................................................................382

Priority Event Hold-Set Timers...............................................................................................................383

Port Down Priority Event........................................................................................................................383

LAG Degrade Priority Event...................................................................................................................383

Host Unreachable Priority Event............................................................................................................385

Route Unknown Priority Event ...............................................................................................................386

VRRP Non-Owner Accessibility........................................................................................................................386

Non-Owner Access Ping Reply...................................................................................................................386

Non-Owner Access Telnet ..........................................................................................................................387

Non-Owner Access SSH.............................................................................................................................387

VRRP Configuration Process Overview ...........................................................................................................387

Configuration Notes..........................................................................................................................................389

General........................................................................................................................................................389

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6 Router Configuration Guide

Configuring VRRP with CLI ..............................................................................................................................391

VRRP Configuration Overview .........................................................................................................................391

Preconfiguration Requirements...................................................................................................................391

Basic VRRP Configurations..............................................................................................................................392

VRRP Policy................................................................................................................................................392

VRRP IES Service Parameters...................................................................................................................393

Configure VRRP for IPv6 .......................................................................................................................394

VRRP Router Interface Parameters............................................................................................................395

Common Configuration Tasks..........................................................................................................................396

Creating Interface Parameters....................................................................................................................397

Configuring VRRP Policy Components ............................................................................................................397

Configuring Service VRRP Parameters ......................................................................................................398

Non-Owner VRRP Example...................................................................................................................398

Owner Service VRRP ............................................................................................................................398

Configuring Router Interface VRRP Parameters.........................................................................................399

Router Interface VRRP Non-Owner ......................................................................................................399

Router Interface VRRP Owner ..............................................................................................................400

VRRP Configuration Management Tasks.........................................................................................................400

Modifying a VRRP Policy ............................................................................................................................400

Deleting a VRRP Policy .........................................................................................................................401

Modifying Service and Interface VRRP Parameters ...................................................................................401

Modifying Non-Owner Parameters.........................................................................................................401

Modifying Owner Parameters.................................................................................................................402

Deleting VRRP on an Interface or Service.............................................................................................402

VRRP Configuration Command Reference......................................................................................................403

Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................403

IPv4 Interface Commands......................................................................................................................403

Router Interface Commands..................................................................................................................404

IPv6 Interface Commands......................................................................................................................404

Priority Control Event Policy Commands ...............................................................................................405

Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................406

Interface Configuration Commands .......................................................................................................406

Priority Policy Commands......................................................................................................................424

Priority Policy Event Commands............................................................................................................426

Priority Policy Port Down Event Commands..........................................................................................430

Priority Policy LAG Events Commands..................................................................................................432

Priority Policy Host Unreachable Event Commands..............................................................................435

Priority Policy Route Unknown Event Commands .................................................................................439

Show, Monitor, Clear, and Debug Command Reference .................................................................................445

Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................445

Show Commands..................................................................................................................

.................446

Monitor Commands................................................................................................................................446

Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................446

Debug Commands .................................................................................................................................446

Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................448

Show Commands...................................................................................................................................448

Monitor Commands................................................................................................................................461

Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................463

Debug Commands .................................................................................................................................464

Table of Contents

Router Configuration Guide 7

Filter Policies...................................................................................................................................... 467

In This Chapter.................................................................................................................................................467

ACL Filter Policy Overview...............................................................................................................................468

Filter Policy Basics ......................................................................................................................................469

Filter Policy Packet Match Criteria .........................................................................................................469

IPv4/IPv6 Filter Policy Entry Match Criteria ...........................................................................................470

MAC Filter Policy Entry Match Criteria...................................................................................................473

Filter Policy Actions................................................................................................................................474

Filter Policy Statistics .............................................................................................................................478

Filter Policy Logging...............................................................................................................................479

Filter Policy cflowd Sampling .................................................................................................................480

Filter Policy Management.......................................................................................................................480

Filter Policy Advanced Topics .....................................................................................................................482

Match-list for Filter Policies ....................................................................................................................482

Primary and Secondary Filter Policy Action for PBF Redundancy.........................................................485

Destination MAC Rewrite when Deploying Policy-Based Forwarding....................................................486

Embedded Filters...................................................................................................................................487

System-level IPv4/IPv6 Line Card Filter Policy......................................................................................489

Network-port VPRN Filter Policy............................................................................................................490

ISID MAC Filters ....................................................................................................................................490

VID MAC filters.......................................................................................................................................491

Redirect Policies ....................................................................................................................................495

HTTP-redirect (Captive Portal)...............................................................................................................497

Filter Policies and Dynamic Policy-Driven Interfaces.............................................................................499

Filter Policy-based ESM Service Chaining.............................................................................................500

Policy-Based Forwarding for Deep Packet Inspection in VPLS.............................................................505

Filter Configuration Command Reference........................................................................................................509

Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................509

DHCP Filter Policy Commands..............................................................................................................510

IP Filter Policy Commands.....................................................................................................................510

IPv6 Filter Policy Commands.................................................................................................................512

System Filter Policy Commands ............................................................................................................515

Log Filter Commands.............................................................................................................................515

MAC Filter Commands...........................................................................................................................515

Match Filter List Commands ..................................................................................................................516

Redirect Policy Configuration Commands .............................................................................................517

Copy Filter Commands ..........................................................................................................................518

Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................519

Generic Commands ...............................................................................................................................519

Global Filter Commands ........................................................................................................................520

DHCP Filter Commands.........................................................................................................................523

Filter Log Commands.............................................................................................................................524

ACL Filter Policy Commands .................................................................................................................527

General Filter Entry Commands.............................................................................................................535

IP (v4/v6) Filter Entry Commands..........................................................................................................538

Match List Configuration Commands.....................................................................................................559

MAC Filter Entry Commands .................................................................................................................564

MAC Filter Match Criteria.......................................................................................................................565

Policy and Entry Maintenance Commands ............................................................................................572

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8 Router Configuration Guide

Redirect Policy Commands....................................................................................................................574

Configuring Filter Policies with CLI...................................................................................................................581

Common Configuration Tasks..........................................................................................................................581

Creating an IPv4 Filter Policy......................................................................................................................582

IPv4 Filter Entry......................................................................................................................................582

Creating an IPv6 Filter Policy......................................................................................................................584

Creating a MAC Filter Policy .......................................................................................................................584

MAC Filter Policy....................................................................................................................................585

MAC ISID Filter Policy............................................................................................................................585

MAC VID Filter Policy.............................................................................................................................585

MAC Filter Entry.....................................................................................................................................586

Creating a Match List for Filter Policies.......................................................................................................586

Applying Filter Policies ...............................................................................................................................587

Apply IP (v4/v6) and MAC Filter Policies to a Service ...........................................................................588

Applying (IPv4/v6) Filter Policies to a Network Port...............................................................................589

Creating a Redirect Policy...........................................................................................................................590

Filter Management Tasks.................................................................................................................................591

Renumbering Filter Policy Entries...............................................................................................................591

Modifying a Filter Policy ..............................................................................................................................593

Deleting a Filter Policy.................................................................................................................................594

Modifying a Redirect Policy.........................................................................................................................595

Deleting a Redirect Policy ...........................................................................................................................596

Copying Filter Policies.................................................................................................................................597

Show, Clear, Monitor, and Debug Command Reference .................................................................................599

Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................599

Show Commands...................................................................................................................................600

Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................600

Monitor Commands................................................................................................................................600

Debug Commands .................................................................................................................................601

Tools Commands...................................................................................................................................601

Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................602

Show Commands...................................................................................................................................602

Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................642

Monitor Commands................................................................................................................................644

Debug Commands .................................................................................................................................647

Hybrid OpenFlow Switch................................................................................................................... 655

In This Chapter.................................................................................................................................................655

Hybrid OpenFlow Switching .............................................................................................................................655

Redundant Controllers and Multiple Switch Instances................................................................................657

GRT-only and Multi-Service H-OFS Mode of Operations ...........................................................................658

Port and VLAN ID Match in Flow Table Entries .....................................................................................661

Hybrid OpenFlow Switch Steering using Filter Policies...............................................................................662

Hybrid OpenFlow Switch Statistics..............................................................................................................664

OpenFlow Switch Auxiliary Channels..........................................................................................................665

Hybrid OpenFlow Switch Traffic Steering Details........................................................................................666

SR OS H-OFS Logical Port....................................................................................................................666

SR OS H-OFS Port and VLAN Encoding...............................................................................................667

Redirect to IP next-hop ..........................................................................................................................670

Table of Contents

Router Configuration Guide 9

Redirect to GRT Instance or VRF Instance............................................................................................671

Redirect to Next-hop and VRF/GRT Instance .......................................................................................671

Redirect to LSP......................................................................................................................................671

Redirect to SAP......................................................................................................................................672

Redirect to SDP .....................................................................................................................................673

Forward action .......................................................................................................................................673

Drop action.............................................................................................................................................674

Default no-match Action.........................................................................................................................674

Configuration Notes..........................................................................................................................................674

OpenFlow Command Reference......................................................................................................................677

Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................677

OpenFlow Commands ...........................................................................................................................678

Show Commands...................................................................................................................................678

Tools Commands...................................................................................................................................678

Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................679

Generic Commands ...............................................................................................................................679

Show Commands...................................................................................................................................683

Debug Commands .................................................................................................................................689

Cflowd ................................................................................................................................................. 701

In This Chapter.................................................................................................................................................701

Cflowd Overview...............................................................................................................................................701

Operation.....................................................................................................................................................702

Version 8 ...............................................................................................................................................704

Version 9................................................................................................................................................705

Version 10..............................................................................................................................................705

Cflowd Filter Matching.................................................................................................................................705

Cflowd Configuration Process Overview ..........................................................................................................705

Configuration Notes..........................................................................................................................................706

Configuring Cflowd with CLI .............................................................................................................................709

Cflowd Configuration Overview ........................................................................................................................709

Traffic Sampling ..........................................................................................................................................709

Collectors ...................................................................................................................................................711

Aggregation............................................................................................................................................711

Basic Cflowd Configuration ..............................................................................................................................712

Common Configuration Tasks..........................................................................................................................712

Global Cflowd Components.........................................................................................................................712

Configuring Cflowd .....................................................................................................................................713

Enabling Cflowd ..........................................................................................................................................714

Configuring Global Cflowd Parameters.......................................................................................................714

Configuring Cflowd Collectors.....................................................................................................................715

Version 9 and Version 10 Templates.....................................................................................................716

Enabling Cflowd on Interfaces and Filters...................................................................................................726

Specifying Cflowd Options on an IP Interface.............................................................................................726

Interface Configurations.........................................................................................................................727

Service Interfaces ..................................................................................................................................727

Specifying Sampling Options in Filter Entries .............................................................................................727

Filter Configurations...............................................................................................................................728

Dependencies ........................................................................................................................................728

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10 Router Configuration Guide

Cflowd Configuration Management Tasks........................................................................................................729

Modifying Global Cflowd Components ........................................................................................................730

Modifying Cflowd Collector Parameters ......................................................................................................730

Cflowd Configuration Command Reference.....................................................................................................733

Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................733

Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................734

Global Commands .................................................................................................................................734

Show, Tools, and Clear Command Reference.................................................................................................743

Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................743

Show Commands...................................................................................................................................743

Tools Commands...................................................................................................................................743

Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................743

Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................743

Show Commands...................................................................................................................................743

Tools Commands...................................................................................................................................752

Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................757

Standards and Protocol Support...................................................................................................... 759

Router Configuration Guide 11

Getting Started

About This Guide

This guide describes logical IP routing interfaces, virtual routers, IP and MAC-based

filtering, and cflowd support and presents configuration and implementation examples.

This guide is organized into functional chapters and provides concepts and descriptions of the

implementation flow, as well as Command Line Interface (CLI) syntax and command usage.

Unless otherwise specified, the topics and commands described in this document apply to the:

• 7450 ESS

• 7750 SR

• 7950 XRS

7450 ESS applicability statements refer to the 7450 ESS when it is not running in mixed

mode. 7750 SR applicability statements refer to the 7750 SR-7/12, 7750 SR-12e, 7750 SRa4/

a8 and 7750 SR-e1/e2/e3 platforms unless otherwise specified.

Command outputs shown in this guide are examples only; actual displays may differ

depending on supported functionality and user configuration.

In This Chapter

This chapter provides process flow information to configure routing entities, virtual routers,

IP and MAC filters, and Cflowd.

Router Configuration Process

Table 1 lists the tasks necessary to configure logical IP routing interfaces, virtual routers, IP

and MAC-based filtering, and Cflowd.

Router Configuration Process

12 Router Configuration Guide

This guide is presented in an overall logical configuration flow. Each section describes a

software area and provides CLI syntax and command usage to configure parameters for a

functional area.

Table 1: Configuration Process

Area Task Chapter Supported

Platfrom

Router configuration Configure router parameters,

including router interfaces

and addresses, router IDs,

autonomous systems, and

confederations.

IP Router Configuration All

Protocol

configuration

VRRP VRRP All

IP and MAC filters Filter Policies All

Cflowd Cflowd 7750 SR,

7950 SR

Reference List of IEEE, IETF, and other

proprietary entities.

Standards and Protocol Support All

Router Configuration Guide 13

IP Router Configuration

In This Chapter

This chapter provides information about commands required to configure basic router

parameters.

Topics in this chapter include:

• Configuring IP Router Parameters

→ Interfaces

→ Autonomous Systems (AS)

→ Confederations

→ Proxy ARP

→ Exporting an Inactive BGP Route from a VPRN

→ Static Route Resolution Using Tunnels

→ Weighted Load-Balancing over MPLS LSP

→ Bi-directional Forwarding Detection

• Configuration Notes

Configuring IP Router Parameters

In order to provision services on an Alcatel-Lucent router, logical IP routing interfaces must

be configured to associate attributes such as an IP address, port or the system with the IP

interface.

A special type of IP interface is the system interface. A system interface must have an IP

address with a 32-bit subnet mask. The system interface is used as the router identifier by

higher-level protocols such as OSPF and BGP, unless overwritten by an explicit router ID.

The following router features can be configured:

• Interfaces

Configuring IP Router Parameters

14 Router Configuration Guide

• Creating an IP Address Range

• Autonomous Systems (AS)

• Confederations

• Proxy ARP

Refer to the Triple Play Guide for information about DHCP and support as well as

configuration examples for the 7750 SR and 7450 ESS.

Interfaces

Alcatel-Lucent routers use different types of interfaces for various functions. Interfaces must

be configured with parameters such as the interface type (network and system) and address.

A port is not associated with a system interface. An interface can be associated with the

system (loopback address).

Network Interface

A network interface (a logical IP routing interface) can be configured on one of the following

entities:

• A physical or logical port

• A SONET/SDH channel for the 7750 SR or 7450 ESS

Network Domains

In order to determine which network ports (and hence which network complexes) are eligible

to transport traffic of individual SDPs, network-domain is introduced. This information is

then used for the sap-ingress queue allocation algorithm applied to VPLS SAPs. This

algorithm is optimized in such a way that no sap-ingress queues are allocated if the given port

does not belong to the network-domain used in the given VPLS. In addition, sap-ingress

queues will not be allocated towards network ports (regardless of the network-domain

membership) if the given VPLS does not contain any SDPs.

Sap-ingress queue allocation takes into account the following aspects:

• SHG membership of individual SDPs

• Network-domain definition under SDP to restrict the topology the given SDP can be

set-up in

IP Router Configuration

Router Configuration Guide 15

The implementation supports four network-domains within any given VPLS.

Network-domain configuration at the SDP level is ignored when the given SDP is used for

Epipe, Ipipe, or Apipe bindings.

Network-domain configuration is irrelevant for Layer 3 services (Layer 3 VPN and/or IES

service). It can be defined in the base routing context and associated only with network

interfaces in this context. Network domains are not applicable to loopback and system

interfaces.

The network-domain information will only be used for ingress VPLS sap queue-allocation.

It will not be taken into account by routing during SDP setup. As a consequence, if the given

SDP is routed through network interfaces that are not part of the configured network domain,

the packets will be still forwarded, but their QoS and queuing behavior will be based on

default settings. In addition, the packet will not appear in SAP stats.

There will be always one network-domain that exists with reserved name default. The

interfaces will always belong to a default network-domain. It will be possible to assign given

interface to different user-defined network-domains. The loopback and system interface will

be also associated with the default network-domain at the creation. However, any attempt to

associate such interfaces with any explicitly defined network-domain will be blocked at the

CLI level as there is no benefit for that association.

Any SDP can be assigned only to one network domain. If none is specified, the system will

assign the default network-domain. This means that all SAPs in VPLS will have queue

reaching all fwd-complexes serving interfaces that belong to the same network-domains as

the SDPs.

It is possible to assign/remove network-domain association of the interface/SDP without

requiring deletion of the respective object.

System Interface

The system interface is associated with the network entity (such as a specific router or

switch), not a specific interface. The system interface is also referred to as the loopback

address. The system interface is associated during the configuration of the following entities:

• The termination point of service tunnels

• The hops when configuring MPLS paths and LSPs

• The addresses on a target router for BGP and LDP peering

Configuring IP Router Parameters

16 Router Configuration Guide

The system interface is used to preserve connectivity (when routing reconvergence is

possible) when an interface fails or is removed. The system interface is also referred to as the

loopback address and is used as the router identifier. A system interface must have an IP

address with a 32-bit subnet mask.

Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding Check (uRPF)

uRPF helps to mitigate problems that are caused by the introduction of malformed or forged

(spoofed) IP source addresses into a network by discarding IP packets that lack a verifiable

IP source address. For example, a number of common types of denial-of-service (DoS)

attacks, including smurf and tribe flood network (TFN), can take advantage of forged or

rapidly changing source IP addresses to allow attackers to thwart efforts to locate or filter the

attacks. For Internet service providers (ISPs) that provide public access, Unicast RPF deflects

such attacks by forwarding only packets that have source addresses that are valid and

consistent with the IP routing table. This action protects the network of the ISP, its customer,

and the rest of the Internet.

uRPF is supported for both IPv4 and IPv6 on network and access. It is supported on any IP

interface, including base router, IES, VPRN and subscriber group interfaces.

In strict mode, uRPF checks whether the incoming packet has a source address that matches

a prefix in the routing table, and whether the interface expects to receive a packet with this

source address prefix.

In loose mode, uRPF checks whether the packet has a source address with a corresponding

prefix in the routing table; loose mode does not check whether the interface expects to receive

a packet with a specific source address prefix.

Loose uRPF check is supported for ECMP, IGP shortcuts and VPRN MP-BGP routes.

Packets coming from a source that matches any ECMP, IGP shortcut or VPRN MP-BGP

route will pass the uRPF check even when the uRPF mode is set to strict mode on the

incoming interface.

In the case of ECMP, this allows a packet received on an IP interface configured in strict

URPF mode to be forwarded if the source address of the packet matches an ECMP route, even

if the IP interface is not a next-hop of the ECMP route and even if the interface is not a

member of any ECMP routes. The strict-no-ecmp uRPF mode may be configured on any

interface which is known to not be a next-hop of any ECMP route. When a packet is received

on this interface and the source address matches an ECMP route the packet is dropped by

uRPF.

If there is a default route then this is included in the uRPF check, as follows:

If there is a default route:

IP Router Configuration

Router Configuration Guide 17

• A loose mode uRPF check always succeeds.

• A strict mode uRPF check only succeeds if the SA matches any route (including the

default route) where the next-hop is on the incoming interface for the packet.

Otherwise the uRPF check fails.

If the source IP address matches a discard/blackhole route, the packet is treated as if it failed

uRPF check.

Creating an IP Address Range

An IP address range can be reserved for exclusive use for services by defining the

config>router>service-prefix command. When the service is configured, the IP address

must be in the range specified as a service prefix. If no service prefix command is configured,

then no limitation exists.

Addresses in the range of a service prefix can be allocated to a network port unless the

exclusive parameter is used. Then, the address range is exclusively reserved for services.

When defining a range that is a superset of a previously defined service prefix, the subset will

be replaced with the superset definition. For example, if a service prefix exists for 10.10.10.0/

24, and a new service prefix is configured as 10.10.0.0/16, then the old address (10.10.10.0/

24) will be replaced with the new address (10.10.0.0/16).

When defining a range that is a subset of a previously defined service prefix, the subset will

replace the existing superset, providing addresses used by services are not affected; for

example, if a service prefix exists for 10.10.0.0/16, and a new service prefix is configured as

10.10.10.0/24, then the 10.10.0.0/16 entry will be removed, provided that no services are

configured that use 10.10.x.x addresses other than 10.10.10.x.

QoS Policy Propagation Using BGP (QPPB)

This section discusses QPPB as it applies to VPRN, IES, and router interfaces. Refer to the

Internet Enhanced Service section in the Services Guide and the IP Router Configuration

section in the Router Configuration Guide.

QoS policy propagation using BGP (QPPB) is a feature that allows a route to be installed in

the routing table with a forwarding-class and priority so that packets matching the route can

receive the associated QoS. The forwarding-class and priority associated with a BGP route

are set using BGP import route policies. In the industry this feature is called QPPB, and even

though the feature name refers to BGP specifically. On SR routers, QPPB is supported for

BGP (IPv4, IPv6, VPN-IPv4, VPN-IPv6), RIP and static routes.

Configuring IP Router Parameters

18 Router Configuration Guide

While SAP ingress and network QoS policies can achieve the same end result as QPPB (for

example, by assigning a packet arriving on a particular IP interface to a specific forwarding-

class and priority/profile based on the source IP address or destination IP address of the

packet) the effort involved in creating the QoS policies, keeping them up-to-date, and

applying them across many nodes is much greater than with QPPB. In a typical application

of QPPB, a BGP route is advertised with a BGP community attribute that conveys a particular

QoS. Routers that receive the advertisement accept the route into their routing table and set

the forwarding-class and priority of the route from the community attribute.

QPPB Applications

There are two typical applications of QPPB:

1. Coordination of QoS policies between different administrative domains.

2. Traffic differentiation within a single domain, based on route characteristics.

Inter-AS Coordination of QoS Policies

The operator of an administrative domain A can use QPPB to signal to a peer administrative

domain B that traffic sent to certain prefixes advertised by domain A should receive a

particular QoS treatment in domain B. More specifically, an ASBR of domain A can advertise

a prefix XYZ to domain B and include a BGP community attribute with the route. The

community value implies a particular QoS treatment, as agreed by the two domains (in their

peering agreement or service level agreement, for example). When the ASBR and other

routers in domain B accept and install the route for XYZ into their routing table, they apply

a QoS policy on selected interfaces that classifies traffic towards network XYZ into the QoS

class implied by the BGP community value.

QPPB may also be used to request that traffic sourced from certain networks receive

appropriate QoS handling in downstream nodes that may span different administrative

domains. This can be achieved by advertising the source prefix with a BGP community, as

discussed above. However, in this case other approaches are equally valid, such as marking

the DSCP or other CoS fields based on source IP address so that downstream domains can

take action based on a common understanding of the QoS treatment implied by different

DSCP values.

In the above examples, coordination of QoS policies using QPPB could be between a

business customer and its IP VPN service provider, or between one service provider and

another.

IP Router Configuration

Router Configuration Guide 19

Traffic Differentiation Based on Route Characteristics

There may be times when a network operator wants to provide differentiated service to

certain traffic flows within its network, and these traffic flows can be identified with known

routes. For example, the operator of an ISP network may want to give priority to traffic

originating in a particular ASN (the ASN of a content provider offering over-the-top services

to the ISP’s customers), following a certain AS_PATH, or destined for a particular next-hop

(remaining on-net vs. off-net).

Figure 1 shows an example of an ISP that has an agreement with the content provider

managing AS300 to provide traffic sourced and terminating within AS300 with differentiated

service appropriate to the content being transported. In this example we presume that ASBR1

and ASBR2 mark the DSCP of packets terminating and sourced, respectively, in AS300 so

that other nodes within the ISP’s network do not need to rely on QPPB to determine the

correct forwarding-class to use for the traffic. The DSCP or other COS markings could be left

unchanged in the ISP’s network and QPPB used on every node.

Figure 1: Use of QPPB to Differentiate Traffic in an ISP Network

QPPB

There are two main aspects of the QPPB feature:

• The ability to associate a forwarding-class and priority with certain routes in the

routing table.

• The ability to classify an IP packet arriving on a particular IP interface to the

forwarding-class and priority associated with the route that best matches the packet.

OSSG639

P

PE 1 ASBR 1

ASBR 2

Peer

AS 200

Provider

Content Provider

AS 300

Route Policy:

Accept all routes with AS_PATH

ending with ASN 300 and set fcto

high-1

QoSPolicy:

Lookup the destination IP address

of all packets arriving on this

interface to determine fc

Route Policy:

Accept all routes with AS_PATH

ending with ASN 300 and set fcto

high-1

QoSPolicy:

Lookup the source IP address of all

packets arriving on this interface to

determine fc

Configuring IP Router Parameters

20 Router Configuration Guide

Associating an FC and Priority with a Route

This feature uses a command in the route-policy hierarchy to set the forwarding class and

optionally the priority associated with routes accepted by a route-policy entry. The command

has the following structure:

fc fc-name [priority {low | high}]

The use of this command is illustrated by the following example:

config>router>policy-options

begin

community gold members 300:100

policy-statement qppb_policy

entry 10

from

protocol bgp

community gold

exit

action accept

fc h1 priority high

exit

commit

The fc command is supported with all existing from and to match conditions in a route policy

entry and with any action other than reject, it is supported with next-entry, next-policy and

accept actions. If a next-entry or next-policy action results in multiple matching entries then

the last entry with a QPPB action determines the forwarding class and priority.

A route policy that includes the fc command in one or more entries can be used in any import

or export policy but the fc command has no effect except in the following types of policies:

• VRF import policies:

→ config>service>vprn>vrf-import

• BGP import policies:

→ config>router>bgp>import

→ config>router>bgp>group>import

→ config>router>bgp>group>neighbor>import

→ config>service>vprn>bgp>import

→ config>service>vprn>bgp>group>import

→ config>service>vprn>bgp>group>neighbor>import

• RIP import policies:

→ config>router>rip>import

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