Alcatel-Lucent 7750 Configuration manual

Category
Networking
Type
Configuration manual

This manual is also suitable for

Alcatel-Lucent
7450 ETHERNET SERVICE SWITCH
7750 SERVICE ROUTER
7950 EXTENSIBLE ROUTING SYSTEM
ROUTER CONFIGURATION GUIDE
RELEASE 14.0.R1
ROUTER CONFIGURATION GUIDE RELEASE 14.0.R1
Alcatel-Lucent Proprietary
This document contains proprietary information of Alcatel-Lucent and is not to be disclosed or used except in
accordance with applicable agreements.
Copyright 2016 © Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.
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without notice.
Alcatel, Lucent, Alcatel-Lucent and the Alcatel-Lucent logo are trademarks of Alcatel-Lucent. All other trademarks
are the property of their respective owners.
Copyright 2016 Alcatel-Lucent.
All rights reserved.
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Alcatel-Lucent products are intended for commercial uses. Without the appropriate network design engineering,
they must not be sold, licensed or otherwise distributed for use in any hazardous environments requiring fail-safe
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This document was originally written in English. If there is any conflict or inconsistency between the English
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Router Configuration Guide 3
Table of Contents
Getting Started...................................................................................................................................... 11
About This Guide................................................................................................................................................11
In This Chapter...................................................................................................................................................11
Router Configuration Process ............................................................................................................................11
IP Router Configuration ...................................................................................................................... 13
In This Chapter...................................................................................................................................................13
Configuring IP Router Parameters .....................................................................................................................13
Interfaces.......................................................................................................................................................14
Network Interface.....................................................................................................................................14
Network Domains.....................................................................................................................................14
System Interface ......................................................................................................................................15
Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding Check (uRPF)....................................................................................16
Creating an IP Address Range ................................................................................................................17
QoS Policy Propagation Using BGP (QPPB)...........................................................................................17
QPPB .......................................................................................................................................................19
QPPB and GRT Lookup...........................................................................................................................24
Router ID.......................................................................................................................................................27
Autonomous Systems (AS) ...........................................................................................................................28
Confederations..............................................................................................................................................28
Proxy ARP.....................................................................................................................................................29
Exporting an Inactive BGP Route from a VPRN ...........................................................................................30
DHCP Relay..................................................................................................................................................30
Internet Protocol Versions.............................................................................................................................30
IPv6 Address Format ...............................................................................................................................32
IPv6 Applications......................................................................................................................................33
DNS..........................................................................................................................................................35
Secure Neighbor Discovery (SeND) ........................................................................................................35
SeND Persistent CGAs............................................................................................................................36
IPv6 Provider Edge Router over MPLS (6PE) .........................................................................................42
Static Route Resolution Using Tunnels.........................................................................................................43
Static Route ECMP Support ....................................................................................................................45
Weighted Load-Balancing over MPLS LSP........................................................................................................45
Weighted Load Balancing IGP, BGP, and Static Route Prefix Packets over IGP Shortcut ..........................46
Feature Configuration ..............................................................................................................................46
Feature Behavior......................................................................................................................................47
ECMP Considerations..............................................................................................................................48
Weighted Load Balancing Static Route Packets over MPLS LSP ...........................................................49
Bi-directional Forwarding Detection ..............................................................................................................50
BFD Control Packet .................................................................................................................................51
Control Packet Format .............................................................................................................................51
BFD for RSVP-TE ....................................................................................................................................53
Echo Support ...........................................................................................................................................53
BFD Support for BGP...............................................................................................................................54
Centralized BFD.......................................................................................................................................54
Aggregate Next Hop.................................................................................................................................55
Table of Contents
4 Router Configuration Guide
Invalidate Next-Hop Based on ARP/Neighbor Cache State.....................................................................56
LDP Shortcut for IGP Route Resolution...................................................................................................56
Weighted Load-Balancing over Interface Next-hops..........................................................................................61
Process Overview...............................................................................................................................................61
Configuration Notes............................................................................................................................................62
Configuring an IP Router with CLI......................................................................................................................63
Router Configuration Overview ..........................................................................................................................63
System Interface ...........................................................................................................................................64
Network Interface ..........................................................................................................................................64
Basic Configuration ...........................................................................................................................................64
Common Configuration Tasks............................................................................................................................65
Configuring a System Name .........................................................................................................................66
Configuring Interfaces ...................................................................................................................................66
Configuring a System Interface................................................................................................................66
Configuring a Network Interface...............................................................................................................67
Configuring IPv6 Parameters...................................................................................................................68
Configuring IPv6 Over IPv4 Parameters..................................................................................................69
Tunnel Ingress Node................................................................................................................................70
Tunnel Egress Node ................................................................................................................................73
Router Advertisement ..............................................................................................................................76
Configuring IPv6 Parameters...................................................................................................................78
Configuring Proxy ARP ............................................................................................................................79
Creating an IP Address Range ................................................................................................................81
Deriving the Router ID...................................................................................................................................81
Configuring a Confederation .........................................................................................................................82
Configuring an Autonomous System.............................................................................................................83
Configuring Overload State on a Single SFM ...............................................................................................84
Service Management Tasks...............................................................................................................................84
Changing the System Name .........................................................................................................................84
Modifying Interface Parameters ....................................................................................................................85
Deleting a Logical IP Interface ......................................................................................................................86
IP Router Configuration Command Reference...................................................................................................87
Command Hierarchies...................................................................................................................................87
Router Commands...................................................................................................................................88
Router BFD commands............................................................................................................................90
Router L2TP Commands .........................................................................................................................91
Router Interface Commands....................................................................................................................93
Router Interface IPv6 Commands............................................................................................................96
Router Advertisement Commands...........................................................................................................97
Command Descriptions.................................................................................................................................99
Generic Commands .................................................................................................................................99
Router Global Commands......................................................................................................................100
Router L2TP Commands ...........................................................................................................
............141
Router Interface Commands..................................................................................................................164
Router Advertisement Commands.........................................................................................................223
Show, Clear, and Debug Command Reference ..............................................................................................231
Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................231
Show Commands...................................................................................................................................232
Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................233
Table of Contents
Router Configuration Guide 5
Debug Commands .................................................................................................................................234
Tools Commands...................................................................................................................................235
Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................236
Show Commands...................................................................................................................................236
Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................352
Debug Commands .................................................................................................................................357
VRRP ................................................................................................................................................... 369
In This Chapter.................................................................................................................................................369
VRRP Overview................................................................................................................................................370
VRRP Components ..........................................................................................................................................370
Virtual Router ..............................................................................................................................................371
IP Address Owner .......................................................................................................................................371
Primary and Secondary IP Addresses ........................................................................................................372
Virtual Router Master ..................................................................................................................................372
Virtual Router Backup .................................................................................................................................372
Owner and Non-Owner VRRP ....................................................................................................................373
Configurable Parameters ............................................................................................................................373
Virtual Router ID (VRID).........................................................................................................................374
Priority....................................................................................................................................................374
IP Addresses..........................................................................................................................................375
Message Interval and Master Inheritance..............................................................................................375
Skew Time .............................................................................................................................................376
Master Down Interval .............................................................................................................................376
Preempt Mode........................................................................................................................................376
VRRP Message Authentication .............................................................................................................377
Authentication Data................................................................................................................................379
Virtual MAC Address..............................................................................................................................379
VRRP Advertisement Message IP Address List Verification..................................................................379
Inherit Master VRRP Router’s Advertisement Interval Timer.................................................................380
IPv6 Virtual Router Instance Operationally Up.......................................................................................380
Policies...................................................................................................................................................380
VRRP Priority Control Policies .........................................................................................................................381
VRRP Virtual Router Policy Constraints......................................................................................................381
VRRP Virtual Router Instance Base Priority ...............................................................................................381
VRRP Priority Control Policy Delta In-Use Priority Limit .............................................................................381
VRRP Priority Control Policy Priority Events...............................................................................................382
Priority Event Hold-Set Timers...............................................................................................................383
Port Down Priority Event........................................................................................................................383
LAG Degrade Priority Event...................................................................................................................383
Host Unreachable Priority Event............................................................................................................385
Route Unknown Priority Event ...............................................................................................................386
VRRP Non-Owner Accessibility........................................................................................................................386
Non-Owner Access Ping Reply...................................................................................................................386
Non-Owner Access Telnet ..........................................................................................................................387
Non-Owner Access SSH.............................................................................................................................387
VRRP Configuration Process Overview ...........................................................................................................387
Configuration Notes..........................................................................................................................................389
General........................................................................................................................................................389
Table of Contents
6 Router Configuration Guide
Configuring VRRP with CLI ..............................................................................................................................391
VRRP Configuration Overview .........................................................................................................................391
Preconfiguration Requirements...................................................................................................................391
Basic VRRP Configurations..............................................................................................................................392
VRRP Policy................................................................................................................................................392
VRRP IES Service Parameters...................................................................................................................393
Configure VRRP for IPv6 .......................................................................................................................394
VRRP Router Interface Parameters............................................................................................................395
Common Configuration Tasks..........................................................................................................................396
Creating Interface Parameters....................................................................................................................397
Configuring VRRP Policy Components ............................................................................................................397
Configuring Service VRRP Parameters ......................................................................................................398
Non-Owner VRRP Example...................................................................................................................398
Owner Service VRRP ............................................................................................................................398
Configuring Router Interface VRRP Parameters.........................................................................................399
Router Interface VRRP Non-Owner ......................................................................................................399
Router Interface VRRP Owner ..............................................................................................................400
VRRP Configuration Management Tasks.........................................................................................................400
Modifying a VRRP Policy ............................................................................................................................400
Deleting a VRRP Policy .........................................................................................................................401
Modifying Service and Interface VRRP Parameters ...................................................................................401
Modifying Non-Owner Parameters.........................................................................................................401
Modifying Owner Parameters.................................................................................................................402
Deleting VRRP on an Interface or Service.............................................................................................402
VRRP Configuration Command Reference......................................................................................................403
Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................403
IPv4 Interface Commands......................................................................................................................403
Router Interface Commands..................................................................................................................404
IPv6 Interface Commands......................................................................................................................404
Priority Control Event Policy Commands ...............................................................................................405
Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................406
Interface Configuration Commands .......................................................................................................406
Priority Policy Commands......................................................................................................................424
Priority Policy Event Commands............................................................................................................426
Priority Policy Port Down Event Commands..........................................................................................430
Priority Policy LAG Events Commands..................................................................................................432
Priority Policy Host Unreachable Event Commands..............................................................................435
Priority Policy Route Unknown Event Commands .................................................................................439
Show, Monitor, Clear, and Debug Command Reference .................................................................................445
Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................445
Show Commands..................................................................................................................
.................446
Monitor Commands................................................................................................................................446
Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................446
Debug Commands .................................................................................................................................446
Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................448
Show Commands...................................................................................................................................448
Monitor Commands................................................................................................................................461
Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................463
Debug Commands .................................................................................................................................464
Table of Contents
Router Configuration Guide 7
Filter Policies...................................................................................................................................... 467
In This Chapter.................................................................................................................................................467
ACL Filter Policy Overview...............................................................................................................................468
Filter Policy Basics ......................................................................................................................................469
Filter Policy Packet Match Criteria .........................................................................................................469
IPv4/IPv6 Filter Policy Entry Match Criteria ...........................................................................................470
MAC Filter Policy Entry Match Criteria...................................................................................................473
Filter Policy Actions................................................................................................................................474
Filter Policy Statistics .............................................................................................................................478
Filter Policy Logging...............................................................................................................................479
Filter Policy cflowd Sampling .................................................................................................................480
Filter Policy Management.......................................................................................................................480
Filter Policy Advanced Topics .....................................................................................................................482
Match-list for Filter Policies ....................................................................................................................482
Primary and Secondary Filter Policy Action for PBF Redundancy.........................................................485
Destination MAC Rewrite when Deploying Policy-Based Forwarding....................................................486
Embedded Filters...................................................................................................................................487
System-level IPv4/IPv6 Line Card Filter Policy......................................................................................489
Network-port VPRN Filter Policy............................................................................................................490
ISID MAC Filters ....................................................................................................................................490
VID MAC filters.......................................................................................................................................491
Redirect Policies ....................................................................................................................................495
HTTP-redirect (Captive Portal)...............................................................................................................497
Filter Policies and Dynamic Policy-Driven Interfaces.............................................................................499
Filter Policy-based ESM Service Chaining.............................................................................................500
Policy-Based Forwarding for Deep Packet Inspection in VPLS.............................................................505
Filter Configuration Command Reference........................................................................................................509
Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................509
DHCP Filter Policy Commands..............................................................................................................510
IP Filter Policy Commands.....................................................................................................................510
IPv6 Filter Policy Commands.................................................................................................................512
System Filter Policy Commands ............................................................................................................515
Log Filter Commands.............................................................................................................................515
MAC Filter Commands...........................................................................................................................515
Match Filter List Commands ..................................................................................................................516
Redirect Policy Configuration Commands .............................................................................................517
Copy Filter Commands ..........................................................................................................................518
Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................519
Generic Commands ...............................................................................................................................519
Global Filter Commands ........................................................................................................................520
DHCP Filter Commands.........................................................................................................................523
Filter Log Commands.............................................................................................................................524
ACL Filter Policy Commands .................................................................................................................527
General Filter Entry Commands.............................................................................................................535
IP (v4/v6) Filter Entry Commands..........................................................................................................538
Match List Configuration Commands.....................................................................................................559
MAC Filter Entry Commands .................................................................................................................564
MAC Filter Match Criteria.......................................................................................................................565
Policy and Entry Maintenance Commands ............................................................................................572
Table of Contents
8 Router Configuration Guide
Redirect Policy Commands....................................................................................................................574
Configuring Filter Policies with CLI...................................................................................................................581
Common Configuration Tasks..........................................................................................................................581
Creating an IPv4 Filter Policy......................................................................................................................582
IPv4 Filter Entry......................................................................................................................................582
Creating an IPv6 Filter Policy......................................................................................................................584
Creating a MAC Filter Policy .......................................................................................................................584
MAC Filter Policy....................................................................................................................................585
MAC ISID Filter Policy............................................................................................................................585
MAC VID Filter Policy.............................................................................................................................585
MAC Filter Entry.....................................................................................................................................586
Creating a Match List for Filter Policies.......................................................................................................586
Applying Filter Policies ...............................................................................................................................587
Apply IP (v4/v6) and MAC Filter Policies to a Service ...........................................................................588
Applying (IPv4/v6) Filter Policies to a Network Port...............................................................................589
Creating a Redirect Policy...........................................................................................................................590
Filter Management Tasks.................................................................................................................................591
Renumbering Filter Policy Entries...............................................................................................................591
Modifying a Filter Policy ..............................................................................................................................593
Deleting a Filter Policy.................................................................................................................................594
Modifying a Redirect Policy.........................................................................................................................595
Deleting a Redirect Policy ...........................................................................................................................596
Copying Filter Policies.................................................................................................................................597
Show, Clear, Monitor, and Debug Command Reference .................................................................................599
Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................599
Show Commands...................................................................................................................................600
Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................600
Monitor Commands................................................................................................................................600
Debug Commands .................................................................................................................................601
Tools Commands...................................................................................................................................601
Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................602
Show Commands...................................................................................................................................602
Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................642
Monitor Commands................................................................................................................................644
Debug Commands .................................................................................................................................647
Hybrid OpenFlow Switch................................................................................................................... 655
In This Chapter.................................................................................................................................................655
Hybrid OpenFlow Switching .............................................................................................................................655
Redundant Controllers and Multiple Switch Instances................................................................................657
GRT-only and Multi-Service H-OFS Mode of Operations ...........................................................................658
Port and VLAN ID Match in Flow Table Entries .....................................................................................661
Hybrid OpenFlow Switch Steering using Filter Policies...............................................................................662
Hybrid OpenFlow Switch Statistics..............................................................................................................664
OpenFlow Switch Auxiliary Channels..........................................................................................................665
Hybrid OpenFlow Switch Traffic Steering Details........................................................................................666
SR OS H-OFS Logical Port....................................................................................................................666
SR OS H-OFS Port and VLAN Encoding...............................................................................................667
Redirect to IP next-hop ..........................................................................................................................670
Table of Contents
Router Configuration Guide 9
Redirect to GRT Instance or VRF Instance............................................................................................671
Redirect to Next-hop and VRF/GRT Instance .......................................................................................671
Redirect to LSP......................................................................................................................................671
Redirect to SAP......................................................................................................................................672
Redirect to SDP .....................................................................................................................................673
Forward action .......................................................................................................................................673
Drop action.............................................................................................................................................674
Default no-match Action.........................................................................................................................674
Configuration Notes..........................................................................................................................................674
OpenFlow Command Reference......................................................................................................................677
Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................677
OpenFlow Commands ...........................................................................................................................678
Show Commands...................................................................................................................................678
Tools Commands...................................................................................................................................678
Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................679
Generic Commands ...............................................................................................................................679
Show Commands...................................................................................................................................683
Debug Commands .................................................................................................................................689
Cflowd ................................................................................................................................................. 701
In This Chapter.................................................................................................................................................701
Cflowd Overview...............................................................................................................................................701
Operation.....................................................................................................................................................702
Version 8 ...............................................................................................................................................704
Version 9................................................................................................................................................705
Version 10..............................................................................................................................................705
Cflowd Filter Matching.................................................................................................................................705
Cflowd Configuration Process Overview ..........................................................................................................705
Configuration Notes..........................................................................................................................................706
Configuring Cflowd with CLI .............................................................................................................................709
Cflowd Configuration Overview ........................................................................................................................709
Traffic Sampling ..........................................................................................................................................709
Collectors ...................................................................................................................................................711
Aggregation............................................................................................................................................711
Basic Cflowd Configuration ..............................................................................................................................712
Common Configuration Tasks..........................................................................................................................712
Global Cflowd Components.........................................................................................................................712
Configuring Cflowd .....................................................................................................................................713
Enabling Cflowd ..........................................................................................................................................714
Configuring Global Cflowd Parameters.......................................................................................................714
Configuring Cflowd Collectors.....................................................................................................................715
Version 9 and Version 10 Templates.....................................................................................................716
Enabling Cflowd on Interfaces and Filters...................................................................................................726
Specifying Cflowd Options on an IP Interface.............................................................................................726
Interface Configurations.........................................................................................................................727
Service Interfaces ..................................................................................................................................727
Specifying Sampling Options in Filter Entries .............................................................................................727
Filter Configurations...............................................................................................................................728
Dependencies ........................................................................................................................................728
Table of Contents
10 Router Configuration Guide
Cflowd Configuration Management Tasks........................................................................................................729
Modifying Global Cflowd Components ........................................................................................................730
Modifying Cflowd Collector Parameters ......................................................................................................730
Cflowd Configuration Command Reference.....................................................................................................733
Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................733
Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................734
Global Commands .................................................................................................................................734
Show, Tools, and Clear Command Reference.................................................................................................743
Command Hierarchies.................................................................................................................................743
Show Commands...................................................................................................................................743
Tools Commands...................................................................................................................................743
Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................743
Command Descriptions...............................................................................................................................743
Show Commands...................................................................................................................................743
Tools Commands...................................................................................................................................752
Clear Commands ...................................................................................................................................757
Standards and Protocol Support...................................................................................................... 759
Router Configuration Guide 11
Getting Started
About This Guide
This guide describes logical IP routing interfaces, virtual routers, IP and MAC-based
filtering, and cflowd support and presents configuration and implementation examples.
This guide is organized into functional chapters and provides concepts and descriptions of the
implementation flow, as well as Command Line Interface (CLI) syntax and command usage.
Unless otherwise specified, the topics and commands described in this document apply to the:
• 7450 ESS
• 7750 SR
• 7950 XRS
7450 ESS applicability statements refer to the 7450 ESS when it is not running in mixed
mode. 7750 SR applicability statements refer to the 7750 SR-7/12, 7750 SR-12e, 7750 SRa4/
a8 and 7750 SR-e1/e2/e3 platforms unless otherwise specified.
Command outputs shown in this guide are examples only; actual displays may differ
depending on supported functionality and user configuration.
In This Chapter
This chapter provides process flow information to configure routing entities, virtual routers,
IP and MAC filters, and Cflowd.
Router Configuration Process
Table 1 lists the tasks necessary to configure logical IP routing interfaces, virtual routers, IP
and MAC-based filtering, and Cflowd.
Router Configuration Process
12 Router Configuration Guide
This guide is presented in an overall logical configuration flow. Each section describes a
software area and provides CLI syntax and command usage to configure parameters for a
functional area.
Table 1: Configuration Process
Area Task Chapter Supported
Platfrom
Router configuration Configure router parameters,
including router interfaces
and addresses, router IDs,
autonomous systems, and
confederations.
IP Router Configuration All
Protocol
configuration
VRRP VRRP All
IP and MAC filters Filter Policies All
Cflowd Cflowd 7750 SR,
7950 SR
Reference List of IEEE, IETF, and other
proprietary entities.
Standards and Protocol Support All
Router Configuration Guide 13
IP Router Configuration
In This Chapter
This chapter provides information about commands required to configure basic router
parameters.
Topics in this chapter include:
• Configuring IP Router Parameters
→ Interfaces
→ Autonomous Systems (AS)
→ Confederations
→ Proxy ARP
→ Exporting an Inactive BGP Route from a VPRN
→ Static Route Resolution Using Tunnels
→ Weighted Load-Balancing over MPLS LSP
→ Bi-directional Forwarding Detection
• Configuration Notes
Configuring IP Router Parameters
In order to provision services on an Alcatel-Lucent router, logical IP routing interfaces must
be configured to associate attributes such as an IP address, port or the system with the IP
interface.
A special type of IP interface is the system interface. A system interface must have an IP
address with a 32-bit subnet mask. The system interface is used as the router identifier by
higher-level protocols such as OSPF and BGP, unless overwritten by an explicit router ID.
The following router features can be configured:
• Interfaces
Configuring IP Router Parameters
14 Router Configuration Guide
• Creating an IP Address Range
• Autonomous Systems (AS)
• Confederations
• Proxy ARP
Refer to the Triple Play Guide for information about DHCP and support as well as
configuration examples for the 7750 SR and 7450 ESS.
Interfaces
Alcatel-Lucent routers use different types of interfaces for various functions. Interfaces must
be configured with parameters such as the interface type (network and system) and address.
A port is not associated with a system interface. An interface can be associated with the
system (loopback address).
Network Interface
A network interface (a logical IP routing interface) can be configured on one of the following
entities:
• A physical or logical port
• A SONET/SDH channel for the 7750 SR or 7450 ESS
Network Domains
In order to determine which network ports (and hence which network complexes) are eligible
to transport traffic of individual SDPs, network-domain is introduced. This information is
then used for the sap-ingress queue allocation algorithm applied to VPLS SAPs. This
algorithm is optimized in such a way that no sap-ingress queues are allocated if the given port
does not belong to the network-domain used in the given VPLS. In addition, sap-ingress
queues will not be allocated towards network ports (regardless of the network-domain
membership) if the given VPLS does not contain any SDPs.
Sap-ingress queue allocation takes into account the following aspects:
• SHG membership of individual SDPs
• Network-domain definition under SDP to restrict the topology the given SDP can be
set-up in
IP Router Configuration
Router Configuration Guide 15
The implementation supports four network-domains within any given VPLS.
Network-domain configuration at the SDP level is ignored when the given SDP is used for
Epipe, Ipipe, or Apipe bindings.
Network-domain configuration is irrelevant for Layer 3 services (Layer 3 VPN and/or IES
service). It can be defined in the base routing context and associated only with network
interfaces in this context. Network domains are not applicable to loopback and system
interfaces.
The network-domain information will only be used for ingress VPLS sap queue-allocation.
It will not be taken into account by routing during SDP setup. As a consequence, if the given
SDP is routed through network interfaces that are not part of the configured network domain,
the packets will be still forwarded, but their QoS and queuing behavior will be based on
default settings. In addition, the packet will not appear in SAP stats.
There will be always one network-domain that exists with reserved name default. The
interfaces will always belong to a default network-domain. It will be possible to assign given
interface to different user-defined network-domains. The loopback and system interface will
be also associated with the default network-domain at the creation. However, any attempt to
associate such interfaces with any explicitly defined network-domain will be blocked at the
CLI level as there is no benefit for that association.
Any SDP can be assigned only to one network domain. If none is specified, the system will
assign the default network-domain. This means that all SAPs in VPLS will have queue
reaching all fwd-complexes serving interfaces that belong to the same network-domains as
the SDPs.
It is possible to assign/remove network-domain association of the interface/SDP without
requiring deletion of the respective object.
System Interface
The system interface is associated with the network entity (such as a specific router or
switch), not a specific interface. The system interface is also referred to as the loopback
address. The system interface is associated during the configuration of the following entities:
• The termination point of service tunnels
• The hops when configuring MPLS paths and LSPs
• The addresses on a target router for BGP and LDP peering
Configuring IP Router Parameters
16 Router Configuration Guide
The system interface is used to preserve connectivity (when routing reconvergence is
possible) when an interface fails or is removed. The system interface is also referred to as the
loopback address and is used as the router identifier. A system interface must have an IP
address with a 32-bit subnet mask.
Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding Check (uRPF)
uRPF helps to mitigate problems that are caused by the introduction of malformed or forged
(spoofed) IP source addresses into a network by discarding IP packets that lack a verifiable
IP source address. For example, a number of common types of denial-of-service (DoS)
attacks, including smurf and tribe flood network (TFN), can take advantage of forged or
rapidly changing source IP addresses to allow attackers to thwart efforts to locate or filter the
attacks. For Internet service providers (ISPs) that provide public access, Unicast RPF deflects
such attacks by forwarding only packets that have source addresses that are valid and
consistent with the IP routing table. This action protects the network of the ISP, its customer,
and the rest of the Internet.
uRPF is supported for both IPv4 and IPv6 on network and access. It is supported on any IP
interface, including base router, IES, VPRN and subscriber group interfaces.
In strict mode, uRPF checks whether the incoming packet has a source address that matches
a prefix in the routing table, and whether the interface expects to receive a packet with this
source address prefix.
In loose mode, uRPF checks whether the packet has a source address with a corresponding
prefix in the routing table; loose mode does not check whether the interface expects to receive
a packet with a specific source address prefix.
Loose uRPF check is supported for ECMP, IGP shortcuts and VPRN MP-BGP routes.
Packets coming from a source that matches any ECMP, IGP shortcut or VPRN MP-BGP
route will pass the uRPF check even when the uRPF mode is set to strict mode on the
incoming interface.
In the case of ECMP, this allows a packet received on an IP interface configured in strict
URPF mode to be forwarded if the source address of the packet matches an ECMP route, even
if the IP interface is not a next-hop of the ECMP route and even if the interface is not a
member of any ECMP routes. The strict-no-ecmp uRPF mode may be configured on any
interface which is known to not be a next-hop of any ECMP route. When a packet is received
on this interface and the source address matches an ECMP route the packet is dropped by
uRPF.
If there is a default route then this is included in the uRPF check, as follows:
If there is a default route:
IP Router Configuration
Router Configuration Guide 17
• A loose mode uRPF check always succeeds.
• A strict mode uRPF check only succeeds if the SA matches any route (including the
default route) where the next-hop is on the incoming interface for the packet.
Otherwise the uRPF check fails.
If the source IP address matches a discard/blackhole route, the packet is treated as if it failed
uRPF check.
Creating an IP Address Range
An IP address range can be reserved for exclusive use for services by defining the
config>router>service-prefix command. When the service is configured, the IP address
must be in the range specified as a service prefix. If no service prefix command is configured,
then no limitation exists.
Addresses in the range of a service prefix can be allocated to a network port unless the
exclusive parameter is used. Then, the address range is exclusively reserved for services.
When defining a range that is a superset of a previously defined service prefix, the subset will
be replaced with the superset definition. For example, if a service prefix exists for 10.10.10.0/
24, and a new service prefix is configured as 10.10.0.0/16, then the old address (10.10.10.0/
24) will be replaced with the new address (10.10.0.0/16).
When defining a range that is a subset of a previously defined service prefix, the subset will
replace the existing superset, providing addresses used by services are not affected; for
example, if a service prefix exists for 10.10.0.0/16, and a new service prefix is configured as
10.10.10.0/24, then the 10.10.0.0/16 entry will be removed, provided that no services are
configured that use 10.10.x.x addresses other than 10.10.10.x.
QoS Policy Propagation Using BGP (QPPB)
This section discusses QPPB as it applies to VPRN, IES, and router interfaces. Refer to the
Internet Enhanced Service section in the Services Guide and the IP Router Configuration
section in the Router Configuration Guide.
QoS policy propagation using BGP (QPPB) is a feature that allows a route to be installed in
the routing table with a forwarding-class and priority so that packets matching the route can
receive the associated QoS. The forwarding-class and priority associated with a BGP route
are set using BGP import route policies. In the industry this feature is called QPPB, and even
though the feature name refers to BGP specifically. On SR routers, QPPB is supported for
BGP (IPv4, IPv6, VPN-IPv4, VPN-IPv6), RIP and static routes.
Configuring IP Router Parameters
18 Router Configuration Guide
While SAP ingress and network QoS policies can achieve the same end result as QPPB (for
example, by assigning a packet arriving on a particular IP interface to a specific forwarding-
class and priority/profile based on the source IP address or destination IP address of the
packet) the effort involved in creating the QoS policies, keeping them up-to-date, and
applying them across many nodes is much greater than with QPPB. In a typical application
of QPPB, a BGP route is advertised with a BGP community attribute that conveys a particular
QoS. Routers that receive the advertisement accept the route into their routing table and set
the forwarding-class and priority of the route from the community attribute.
QPPB Applications
There are two typical applications of QPPB:
1. Coordination of QoS policies between different administrative domains.
2. Traffic differentiation within a single domain, based on route characteristics.
Inter-AS Coordination of QoS Policies
The operator of an administrative domain A can use QPPB to signal to a peer administrative
domain B that traffic sent to certain prefixes advertised by domain A should receive a
particular QoS treatment in domain B. More specifically, an ASBR of domain A can advertise
a prefix XYZ to domain B and include a BGP community attribute with the route. The
community value implies a particular QoS treatment, as agreed by the two domains (in their
peering agreement or service level agreement, for example). When the ASBR and other
routers in domain B accept and install the route for XYZ into their routing table, they apply
a QoS policy on selected interfaces that classifies traffic towards network XYZ into the QoS
class implied by the BGP community value.
QPPB may also be used to request that traffic sourced from certain networks receive
appropriate QoS handling in downstream nodes that may span different administrative
domains. This can be achieved by advertising the source prefix with a BGP community, as
discussed above. However, in this case other approaches are equally valid, such as marking
the DSCP or other CoS fields based on source IP address so that downstream domains can
take action based on a common understanding of the QoS treatment implied by different
DSCP values.
In the above examples, coordination of QoS policies using QPPB could be between a
business customer and its IP VPN service provider, or between one service provider and
another.
IP Router Configuration
Router Configuration Guide 19
Traffic Differentiation Based on Route Characteristics
There may be times when a network operator wants to provide differentiated service to
certain traffic flows within its network, and these traffic flows can be identified with known
routes. For example, the operator of an ISP network may want to give priority to traffic
originating in a particular ASN (the ASN of a content provider offering over-the-top services
to the ISP’s customers), following a certain AS_PATH, or destined for a particular next-hop
(remaining on-net vs. off-net).
Figure 1 shows an example of an ISP that has an agreement with the content provider
managing AS300 to provide traffic sourced and terminating within AS300 with differentiated
service appropriate to the content being transported. In this example we presume that ASBR1
and ASBR2 mark the DSCP of packets terminating and sourced, respectively, in AS300 so
that other nodes within the ISP’s network do not need to rely on QPPB to determine the
correct forwarding-class to use for the traffic. The DSCP or other COS markings could be left
unchanged in the ISP’s network and QPPB used on every node.
Figure 1: Use of QPPB to Differentiate Traffic in an ISP Network
QPPB
There are two main aspects of the QPPB feature:
• The ability to associate a forwarding-class and priority with certain routes in the
routing table.
• The ability to classify an IP packet arriving on a particular IP interface to the
forwarding-class and priority associated with the route that best matches the packet.
OSSG639
P
PE 1 ASBR 1
ASBR 2
Peer
AS 200
Provider
Content Provider
AS 300
Route Policy:
Accept all routes with AS_PATH
ending with ASN 300 and set fcto
high-1
QoSPolicy:
Lookup the destination IP address
of all packets arriving on this
interface to determine fc
Route Policy:
Accept all routes with AS_PATH
ending with ASN 300 and set fcto
high-1
QoSPolicy:
Lookup the source IP address of all
packets arriving on this interface to
determine fc
Configuring IP Router Parameters
20 Router Configuration Guide
Associating an FC and Priority with a Route
This feature uses a command in the route-policy hierarchy to set the forwarding class and
optionally the priority associated with routes accepted by a route-policy entry. The command
has the following structure:
fc fc-name [priority {low | high}]
The use of this command is illustrated by the following example:
config>router>policy-options
begin
community gold members 300:100
policy-statement qppb_policy
entry 10
from
protocol bgp
community gold
exit
action accept
fc h1 priority high
exit
exit
exit
commit
The fc command is supported with all existing from and to match conditions in a route policy
entry and with any action other than reject, it is supported with next-entry, next-policy and
accept actions. If a next-entry or next-policy action results in multiple matching entries then
the last entry with a QPPB action determines the forwarding class and priority.
A route policy that includes the fc command in one or more entries can be used in any import
or export policy but the fc command has no effect except in the following types of policies:
• VRF import policies:
→ config>service>vprn>vrf-import
• BGP import policies:
→ config>router>bgp>import
→ config>router>bgp>group>import
→ config>router>bgp>group>neighbor>import
→ config>service>vprn>bgp>import
→ config>service>vprn>bgp>group>import
→ config>service>vprn>bgp>group>neighbor>import
• RIP import policies:
→ config>router>rip>import
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Alcatel-Lucent 7750 Configuration manual

Category
Networking
Type
Configuration manual
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