Aruba Layer 3—IP Services Configuration Guide
- Category
- Networking
- Type
- Configuration Guide
HPE FlexFabric 5940 & 5930 Switch Series
Layer 3—IP Services Configuration Guide
P
art number: 5200-6371b
Software
version: Release 2702 and later
Document version: 6W101-20191105
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Contents
Configuring ARP ·············································································· 1
About ARP ······························································································································· 1
ARP message format ··········································································································· 1
ARP operating mechanism ···································································································· 1
ARP entry types ·················································································································· 2
ARP tasks at a glance ················································································································· 3
Configuring a static ARP entry ······································································································ 4
Configuring a short static ARP entry ························································································ 4
Configuring a long static ARP entry ························································································· 4
Configuring a multiport ARP entry ··························································································· 5
Configuring features for dynamic ARP entries ·················································································· 6
Setting the dynamic ARP learning limit for a device ···································································· 6
Setting the dynamic ARP learning limit for an interface ································································ 6
Setting the aging timer for dynamic ARP entries ········································································· 7
Setting the maximum number of probes for dynamic ARP entries ·················································· 7
Setting the interval for probing dynamic ARP entries ··································································· 8
Enabling dynamic ARP entry check ························································································· 9
Synchronizing ARP entries across all member devices ······································································ 9
Configuring a customer-side or network-side port ············································································· 9
Enabling recording user IP address conflicts ·················································································· 10
Enabling interface consistency check between ARP and MAC address entries ····································· 10
Enabling recording user port migrations ························································································ 11
Enabling ARP logging ··············································································································· 11
Display and maintenance commands for ARP ················································································ 12
ARP configuration examples ······································································································ 12
Example: Configuring a long static ARP entry ·········································································· 12
Example: Configuring a short static ARP entry ········································································· 13
Example: Configuring a multiport ARP entry ············································································ 14
Configuring gratuitous ARP ······························································ 17
About gratuitous ARP ··············································································································· 17
IP conflict detection ············································································································ 17
Gratuitous ARP packet learning ···························································································· 17
Periodic sending of gratuitous ARP packets ············································································ 17
Gratuitous ARP tasks at a glance ································································································ 18
Enabling IP conflict notification ···································································································· 18
Enabling gratuitous ARP packet learning ······················································································ 19
Enabling periodic sending of gratuitous ARP packets······································································· 19
Enabling sending gratuitous ARP packets for ARP requests with sender IP address on a different subnet ·· 19
Configuring gratuitous ARP packet retransmission for the device MAC address change ·························· 20
Configuring proxy ARP ···································································· 21
About proxy ARP ····················································································································· 21
Enabling common proxy ARP ····································································································· 21
Enabling local proxy ARP ·········································································································· 21
Display and maintenance commands for proxy ARP ········································································ 22
Common proxy ARP configuration example ··················································································· 22
Example: Configuring common proxy ARP ·············································································· 22
Configuring ARP snooping ······························································· 24
About ARP snooping ················································································································ 24
Creation of ARP snooping entries ························································································· 24
Aging of ARP snooping entries ····························································································· 24
Protection for ARP snooping ································································································ 24
Enabling ARP snooping for a VLAN ····························································································· 24
Enabling ARP snooping for a VSI ································································································ 24
Display and maintenance commands for ARP snooping ··································································· 25
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Configuring ARP fast-reply ······························································· 26
About ARP fast-reply ················································································································ 26
Enabling ARP fast-reply ············································································································ 26
ARP fast-reply configuration example ··························································································· 27
Example: Configuring ARP fast-reply ····················································································· 27
Configuring ARP direct route advertisement ········································· 28
About ARP direct route advertisement ·························································································· 28
Mechanism of ARP direct route advertisement ········································································· 28
Application in Layer 3 access networks ·················································································· 28
Enabling ARP direct route advertisement ······················································································ 28
Configuring IP addressing ································································ 29
About IP addressing ················································································································· 29
IP address representation and classes ··················································································· 29
Special IP addresses ········································································································· 30
Subnetting and masking ····································································································· 30
IP address assignment ······································································································· 30
Assigning an IP address to an interface ························································································ 31
Configuring IP unnumbered ········································································································ 32
Display and maintenance commands for IP addressing ···································································· 32
IP addressing configuration examples ·························································································· 33
Example: Manually specifying an IP address ··········································································· 33
DHCP overview ············································································· 35
DHCP network model ··············································································································· 35
DHCP address allocation ··········································································································· 35
Allocation mechanisms ······································································································· 35
IP address allocation process ······························································································ 36
IP address lease extension ·································································································· 36
DHCP message format ············································································································· 37
DHCP options ························································································································· 38
Common DHCP options ············································································································ 38
Custom DHCP options ·············································································································· 38
Vendor-specific option (Option 43) ························································································ 39
Relay agent option (Option 82) ····························································································· 40
Option 184 ······················································································································· 40
Protocols and standards ············································································································ 41
Configuring the DHCP server ···························································· 42
About DHCP server ·················································································································· 42
DHCP address assignment mechanisms ················································································ 42
Principles for selecting an address pool·················································································· 43
IP address allocation sequence ···························································································· 44
DHCP server tasks at a glance ··································································································· 44
Creating a DHCP user class ······································································································· 45
Configuring an address pool on the DHCP server ··········································································· 45
DHCP address pool tasks at a glance ···················································································· 45
Creating a DHCP address pool ···························································································· 46
Specifying a primary subnet and multiple address ranges in a DHCP address pool ························· 46
Specifying a primary subnet and multiple secondary subnets in a DHCP address pool ····················· 47
Configuring a static binding in a DHCP address pool ································································· 48
Specifying gateways for DHCP clients ··················································································· 49
Specifying a domain name suffix for DHCP clients ···································································· 50
Specifying DNS servers for DHCP clients ··············································································· 50
Specifying WINS servers and NetBIOS node type for DHCP clients ············································· 50
Specifying BIMS server for DHCP clients ················································································ 51
Specifying the configuration file for DHCP client automatic configuration ······································· 51
Specifying a server for DHCP clients ····················································································· 52
Configuring Option 184 parameters for DHCP clients ································································ 52
Customizing DHCP options ································································································· 53
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Applying a DHCP address pool to a VPN instance ···································································· 55
Configuring the DHCP user class whitelist ·············································································· 55
Applying an address pool to an interface ······················································································· 56
Configuring a DHCP policy for dynamic assignment ········································································ 56
Enabling DHCP ······················································································································· 57
Enabling the DHCP server on an interface ···················································································· 57
Configuring IP address conflict detection ······················································································· 58
Enabling handling of Option 82 ··································································································· 58
Configuring the DHCP server security features ··············································································· 58
Restrictions and guidelines ·································································································· 58
Configuring DHCP flood attack protection ··············································································· 59
Configuring DHCP starvation attack protection ········································································ 59
Configuring DHCP server compatibility ························································································· 60
Configuring the DHCP server to always broadcast responses ····················································· 60
Enabling the DHCP server to return a DHCP-NAK message upon client notions of incorrect IP addresses
····································································································································· 60
Configuring the DHCP server to ignore BOOTP requests ··························································· 61
Configuring the DHCP server to send BOOTP responses in RFC 1048 format ······························· 61
Setting the DSCP value for DHCP packets sent by the DHCP server ·················································· 62
Configuring DHCP binding auto backup ························································································ 62
Enabling client offline detection on the DHCP server ······································································· 63
Configuring address pool usage alarming ······················································································ 63
Enabling DHCP logging on the DHCP server ················································································· 63
Display and maintenance commands for DHCP server ···································································· 64
DHCP server configuration examples ··························································································· 65
Example: Configuring static IP address assignment ·································································· 65
Example: Configuring dynamic IP address assignment ······························································ 66
Example: Configuring DHCP user class ················································································· 68
Example: Configuring DHCP user class whitelist ······································································ 70
Example: Configuring primary and secondary subnets ······························································ 71
Example: Customizing DHCP option ····················································································· 72
Troubleshooting DHCP server configuration ·················································································· 74
Failure to obtain a non-conflicting IP address ·········································································· 74
Configuring the DHCP relay agent ····················································· 75
About DHCP relay agent ··········································································································· 75
DHCP relay agent operation ································································································ 75
DHCP relay agent support for Option 82 ················································································· 76
DHCP relay agent support for MCE ······················································································· 76
DHCP relay agent tasks at a glance ····························································································· 76
Enabling DHCP ······················································································································· 77
Enabling the DHCP relay agent on an interface ·············································································· 77
Specifying DHCP servers ·········································································································· 78
Specifying DHCP servers on a relay agent ·············································································· 78
Specifying DHCP servers in a DHCP relay address pool ···························································· 78
Specifying the DHCP server selecting algorithm ······································································· 79
Specifying a DHCP relay address pool for DHCP clients ·································································· 80
Configuring the DHCP relay agent security features ········································································ 81
Restrictions and guidelines for DHCP relay agent security feature configuration ····························· 81
Enabling the DHCP relay agent to record relay entries ······························································ 82
Enabling periodic refresh of dynamic relay entries ···································································· 82
Configuring DHCP flood attack protection ··············································································· 83
Enabling DHCP starvation attack protection ············································································ 83
Enabling DHCP server proxy on the DHCP relay agent ····························································· 84
Enabling client offline detection on the DHCP relay agent ·························································· 84
Configuring the DHCP relay agent to release an IP address ······························································ 85
Configuring DHCP relay agent support for Option 82 ······································································· 85
Enabling Option 60 insertion into DHCP requests ··········································································· 86
Setting the DSCP value for DHCP packets sent by the DHCP relay agent ············································ 87
Specifying the DHCP relay agent address for the giaddr field ··························································· 87
Manually specifying the DHCP relay agent address for the giaddr field········································· 87
Configuring smart relay to specify the DHCP relay agent address for the giaddr field ······················ 88
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Specifying the source IP address for relayed DHCP requests ···························································· 88
Discarding DHCP requests that are delivered from VXLAN tunnels ····················································· 89
Configuring DHCP relay agent support for forwarding DHCP replies based on MAC address table ············ 89
Display and maintenance commands for DHCP relay agent ······························································ 90
DHCP relay agent configuration examples ···················································································· 91
Example: Configuring basic DHCP relay agent ········································································ 91
Example: Configuring Option 82 ··························································································· 92
Example: Configuring DHCP server selection ·········································································· 92
Troubleshooting DHCP relay agent configuration ············································································ 94
Failure of DHCP clients to obtain configuration parameters through the DHCP relay agent ··············· 94
Configuring the DHCP client ····························································· 95
About DHCP client ··················································································································· 95
Restrictions and guidelines: DHCP client configuration ····································································· 95
DHCP client tasks at a glance ····································································································· 95
Enabling the DHCP client on an interface ······················································································ 95
Configuring a DHCP client ID for an interface ················································································· 96
Enabling duplicated address detection ·························································································· 96
Setting the DSCP value for DHCP packets sent by the DHCP client ··················································· 97
Display and maintenance commands for DHCP client ······································································ 97
DHCP client configuration examples ···························································································· 97
Example: Configuring DHCP client ························································································ 97
Configuring DHCP snooping ··························································· 100
About DHCP snooping ············································································································ 100
Application of trusted and untrusted ports ············································································· 100
DHCP snooping support for Option 82 ················································································· 101
Restrictions and guidelines: DHCP snooping configuration ····························································· 102
DHCP snooping tasks at a glance ····························································································· 103
Configuring basic DHCP snooping features ················································································· 103
Configuring basic DHCP snooping features in a common network ············································· 103
Configuring basic DHCP snooping features in a VXLAN network ··············································· 104
Configuring DHCP snooping support for Option 82 ········································································ 106
Configuring DHCP snooping entry auto backup ············································································ 107
Setting the maximum number of DHCP snooping entries ································································ 107
Configuring DHCP packet rate limit ···························································································· 108
Configuring DHCP snooping security features ·············································································· 108
Enabling DHCP starvation attack protection ·········································································· 108
Enabling DHCP-REQUEST attack protection ········································································ 109
Configuring a DHCP packet blocking port ············································································· 109
Enabling DHCP snooping logging ······························································································ 110
Disabling DHCP snooping on an interface ··················································································· 110
Display and maintenance commands for DHCP snooping ······························································· 110
DHCP snooping configuration examples ····················································································· 111
Example: Configuring basic DHCP snooping features globally ·················································· 111
Example: Configuring basic DHCP snooping features for a VLAN ·············································· 112
Example: Configuring DHCP snooping support for Option 82 ···················································· 113
Configuring the BOOTP client ························································· 115
About BOOTP client ··············································································································· 115
BOOTP client application ·································································································· 115
Obtaining an IP address dynamically ··················································································· 115
Protocols and standards ··································································································· 115
Configuring an interface to use BOOTP for IP address acquisition ···················································· 115
Display and maintenance commands for BOOTP client ·································································· 116
BOOTP client configuration examples ························································································ 116
Example: Configuring BOOTP client ···················································································· 116
Configuring DNS ·········································································· 117
About DNS ··························································································································· 117
Types of DNS services ····································································································· 117
Static domain name resolution ··························································································· 117
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Dynamic domain name resolution ······················································································· 117
DNS proxy ····················································································································· 118
DNS spoofing ················································································································· 119
DNS tasks at a glance············································································································· 120
Configuring the DNS client ······································································································· 120
Configuring static domain name resolution ············································································ 120
Configuring dynamic domain name resolution ········································································ 121
Configuring the DNS proxy ······································································································· 122
Configuring DNS spoofing ········································································································ 122
Specifying the source interface for DNS packets ··········································································· 123
Configuring the DNS trusted interface ························································································ 123
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing DNS packets ········································································ 124
Display and maintenance commands for DNS ·············································································· 124
IPv4 DNS configuration examples ····························································································· 125
Example: Configuring static domain name resolution ······························································ 125
Example: Configuring dynamic domain name resolution ·························································· 125
Example: Configuring DNS proxy ························································································ 128
IPv6 DNS configuration examples ····························································································· 129
Example: Configuring static domain name resolution ······························································ 129
Example: Configuring dynamic domain name resolution ·························································· 130
Example: Configuring DNS proxy ························································································ 132
Troubleshooting DNS configuration ···························································································· 134
Failure to resolve IPv4 addresses ······················································································· 134
Failure to resolve IPv6 addresses ······················································································· 134
Configuring DDNS ········································································ 135
About DDNS ························································································································· 135
Restrictions and guidelines: DDNS configuration ·········································································· 135
DDNS client tasks at a glance ··································································································· 136
Configuring a DDNS policy ······································································································· 136
Applying the DDNS policy to an interface ···················································································· 138
Setting the DSCP value for outgoing DDNS packets ······································································ 139
Display and maintenance commands for DDNS ··········································································· 139
DDNS configuration examples ·································································································· 139
Example: Configuring DDNS with www.3322.org ···································································· 139
Example: Configuring DDNS with PeanutHull server ······························································· 141
Configuring IP forwarding basic settings ············································ 143
About FIB table ····················································································································· 143
Saving the IP forwarding entries to a file ····················································································· 144
Enabling split horizon forwarding ······························································································· 144
Display and maintenance commands for FIB table ········································································ 144
Configuring load sharing ································································ 145
About load sharing ················································································································· 145
Configuring load sharing mode ································································································· 145
Enabling local-first load sharing ································································································· 145
Enabling symmetric load sharing ······························································································· 146
Display and maintenance commands for load sharing ···································································· 146
Loading sharing configuration examples ····················································································· 146
Example: Configuring load sharing based on source and destination addresses ··························· 146
Configuring fast forwarding ····························································· 149
About fast forwarding ·············································································································· 149
Restrictions and guidelines: Fast forwarding configuration ······························································ 149
Configuring the aging time for fast forwarding entries ····································································· 149
Configuring fast forwarding load sharing ····················································································· 149
Display and maintenance commands for fast forwarding ································································ 150
Displaying the adjacency table ························································ 151
About the adjacency table ········································································································ 151
Display and maintenance commands for adjacency table ······························································· 151
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Configuring IRDP ········································································· 152
About IRDP ·························································································································· 152
IRDP operation ··············································································································· 152
Protocols and standards ··································································································· 152
IRDP tasks at a glance ············································································································ 152
Restrictions and guidelines: IRDP configuration ············································································ 152
Enabling IRDP ······················································································································ 153
Specifying the preference of advertised IP addresses ···································································· 153
Setting the lifetime of advertised IP addresses ············································································· 153
Setting the advertising intervals ································································································· 154
Specifying the multicast address as the destination address for RAs ················································· 154
Specifying a proxy-advertised IP address ···················································································· 155
IRDP configuration examples ··································································································· 155
Example: Configuring IRDP ······························································································· 155
Optimizing IP performance ····························································· 158
IP performance optimization tasks at a glance ·············································································· 158
Enabling an interface to forward directed broadcasts destined for the directly connected network ··········· 158
About forwarding broadcasts destined for the directly connected network ···································· 158
Procedure ······················································································································ 159
Example: Enabling an interface to forward directed broadcasts destined for the directly connected network
··································································································································· 159
Setting the interface MTU for IPv4 packets ·················································································· 160
Enabling IPv4 local fragment reassembly ···················································································· 160
Enabling sending ICMP error messages ····················································································· 160
About sending ICMP error messages··················································································· 160
Enabling sending ICMP redirect messages ··········································································· 161
Enabling sending ICMP time exceeded messages ·································································· 161
Enable sending ICMP destination unreachable messages ························································ 162
Configuring rate limit for ICMP error messages············································································· 162
Disabling forwarding ICMP fragments ························································································· 163
Specifying the source address for ICMP packets ·········································································· 163
Setting TCP MSS for an interface ······························································································ 163
Configuring TCP path MTU discovery ························································································· 164
Enabling SYN Cookie ············································································································· 165
Setting the TCP buffer size ······································································································ 165
Setting TCP timers ················································································································· 165
Enabling the Timestamps option encapsulation in outgoing TCP packets ··········································· 166
Display and maintenance commands for IP performance optimization ··············································· 166
Configuring UDP helper ································································· 168
About UDP helper ·················································································································· 168
Configuring UDP helper to convert broadcast to unicast ································································· 168
Configuring UDP helper to convert broadcast to multicast ······························································· 169
Display and maintenance commands for UDP helper····································································· 169
UDP helper configuration examples ··························································································· 170
Example: Configuring UDP helper to convert broadcast to unicast ············································· 170
Example: Configuring UDP helper to convert broadcast to multicast ··········································· 171
Configuring basic IPv6 settings ······················································· 173
About IPv6 ··························································································································· 173
IPv6 features ·················································································································· 173
IPv6 addresses ··············································································································· 174
IPv6 path MTU discovery ·································································································· 176
IPv6 transition technologies ······························································································· 177
Protocols and standards ··································································································· 178
IPv6 basics tasks at a glance ···································································································· 178
Configuring an IPv6 global unicast address ················································································· 179
About IPv6 global unicast address ······················································································ 179
Generating an EUI-64 IPv6 address ···················································································· 179
Manually assigning an IPv6 global unicast address ································································· 179
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Stateless address autoconfiguration ···················································································· 180
Configuring prefix-specific address autoconfiguration ······························································ 181
Configuring an IPv6 link-local address ························································································ 181
About IPv6 link-local address ····························································································· 181
Restrictions and guidelines ································································································ 182
Configuring automatic generation of an IPv6 link-local address for an interface ····························· 182
Manually assigning an IPv6 link-local address to an interface ··················································· 182
Configuring an IPv6 anycast address ························································································· 182
Configuring path MTU discovery ······························································································· 183
Setting the interface MTU for IPv6 packets ··········································································· 183
Setting a static path MTU for an IPv6 address ······································································· 183
Setting the aging time for dynamic path MTUs ······································································· 184
Controlling sending ICMPv6 messages ······················································································· 184
Configuring the rate limit for ICMPv6 error messages ······························································ 184
Enabling replying to multicast echo requests ········································································· 184
Enabling sending ICMPv6 destination unreachable messages ·················································· 185
Enabling sending ICMPv6 time exceeded messages ······························································ 185
Enabling sending ICMPv6 redirect messages ········································································ 186
Specifying the source address for ICMPv6 packets ································································· 186
Enabling Layer 3 packet statistics counting ·················································································· 187
Enabling IPv6 local fragment reassembly ···················································································· 187
Enabling discarding IPv6 packets that contain extension headers ····················································· 187
Display and maintenance commands for IPv6 basics ····································································· 188
Basic IPv6 settings configuration examples ················································································· 189
Example: Configuring basic IPv6 settings ············································································· 189
Configuring IPv6 neighbor discovery ················································ 194
About IPv6 neighbor discovery ·································································································· 194
ICMPv6 messages used by IPv6 neighbor discovery ······························································ 194
Address resolution ··········································································································· 194
Neighbor reachability detection ·························································································· 195
Duplicate address detection ······························································································· 195
Router/prefix discovery and stateless address autoconfiguration ··············································· 196
Redirection ···················································································································· 196
Protocols and standards ··································································································· 196
IPv6 neighbor discovery tasks at a glance ··················································································· 196
Configuring a static neighbor entry ····························································································· 197
Setting the dynamic neighbor learning limit on an interface ····························································· 198
Setting the aging timer for ND entries in stale state ······································································· 198
Minimizing link-local ND entries ································································································· 199
Setting the hop limit ················································································································ 199
Configuring RA message sending and parameters ········································································ 199
About RA message parameters ·························································································· 199
Restrictions and guidelines ································································································ 200
Enabling the sending of RA messages ················································································· 200
Configuring parameters for RA messages ············································································· 201
Specifying DNS server information in RA messages ······························································· 202
Specifying DNS suffix information in RA messages ································································· 203
Suppressing advertising DNS information in RA messages ······················································ 203
Setting the maximum number of attempts to send an NS message for DAD ······································· 204
Configuring ND snooping in a VLAN ·························································································· 205
About ND snooping in a VLAN ··························································································· 205
Procedure ······················································································································ 206
Configuring ND snooping in a VXLAN ························································································ 207
About ND snooping in a VXLAN ························································································· 207
Procedure ······················································································································ 207
Enabling ND proxy ················································································································· 208
About ND proxy ·············································································································· 208
Enabling common ND proxy ······························································································ 209
Enabling local ND proxy ···································································································· 209
Configuring IPv6 ND direct route advertisement ··········································································· 209
About IPv6 ND direct route advertisement ············································································ 209
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Application in Layer 3 access networks ················································································ 209
Procedure ······················································································································ 210
Enabling recording user IPv6 address conflicts ············································································· 210
Enabling recording user port migrations ······················································································ 210
Enabling ND logging for user online and offline events ··································································· 211
Display and maintenance commands for IPv6 ND ········································································· 211
IPv6 ND configuration examples ······························································································· 212
Example: Configuring ND snooping ····················································································· 212
DHCPv6 overview ········································································ 215
DHCPv6 address/prefix assignment ··························································································· 215
Rapid assignment involving two messages ··········································································· 215
Assignment involving four messages ··················································································· 215
Address/prefix lease renewal ···································································································· 216
Stateless DHCPv6 ················································································································· 217
DHCPv6 options ···················································································································· 217
Option 18 ······················································································································· 217
Option 37 ······················································································································· 218
Option 79 ······················································································································· 219
Protocols and standards ·········································································································· 219
Configuring the DHCPv6 server ······················································ 220
About DHCPv6 server ············································································································· 220
IPv6 address assignment ·································································································· 220
IPv6 prefix assignment ····································································································· 220
Concepts ······················································································································· 221
DHCPv6 address pool ······································································································ 221
IPv6 address/prefix allocation sequence ··············································································· 222
DHCPv6 server tasks at a glance ······························································································ 223
Configuring IPv6 prefix assignment ···························································································· 223
Configuring IPv6 address assignment ························································································ 225
Configuring network parameters assignment ··············································································· 226
About network parameters assignment ················································································ 226
Configuring network parameters in a DHCPv6 address pool ····················································· 226
Configuring network parameters in a DHCPv6 option group ····················································· 227
Configuring the DHCPv6 server on an interface ············································································ 228
Configuring a DHCPv6 policy for IPv6 address and prefix assignment ··············································· 229
Setting the DSCP value for DHCPv6 packets sent by the DHCPv6 server ·········································· 230
Configuring DHCPv6 binding auto backup ··················································································· 230
Advertising subnets assigned to clients ······················································································· 231
Enabling the DHCPv6 server to advertise IPv6 prefixes ·································································· 232
Applying a DHCPv6 address pool to a VPN instance ····································································· 232
Enabling IPv6 address binding conversion for IP source guard ························································ 233
Enabling DHCPv6 logging on the DHCPv6 server ········································································· 233
Display and maintenance commands for DHCPv6 server ······························································· 233
DHCPv6 server configuration examples ······················································································ 235
Example: Configuring dynamic IPv6 prefix assignment ···························································· 235
Example: Configuring dynamic IPv6 address assignment ························································· 237
Configuring the DHCPv6 relay agent ················································ 240
About DHCPv6 relay agent ······································································································ 240
Typical application ··········································································································· 240
DHCPv6 relay agent operating process ················································································ 240
DHCPv6 relay agent tasks at a glance ························································································ 241
Enabling the DHCPv6 relay agent on an interface ········································································· 241
Specifying DHCPv6 servers on the relay agent ············································································ 242
Specifying DHCPv6 server IP addresses ·············································································· 242
Specifying DHCPv6 servers for a DHCPv6 address pool on the DHCPv6 relay agent ···················· 242
Specifying a gateway address for DHCPv6 clients ········································································ 243
Setting the DSCP value for DHCPv6 packets sent by the DHCPv6 relay agent ··································· 243
Specifying a padding mode for the Interface-ID option ··································································· 244
Enabling the DHCPv6 relay agent to support Option 79·································································· 244
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Enabling the DHCPv6 relay agent to advertise IPv6 prefixes ··························································· 244
Enabling the DHCPv6 relay agent to advertise host routes for assigned IPv6 addresses ······················· 245
Specifying the source IPv6 address for relayed DHCPv6 requests ···················································· 246
Configuring DHCPv6 relay security features ················································································ 246
Enabling the DHCPv6 relay agent to record relay entries ························································· 246
Enabling IPv6 release notification ······················································································· 247
Enabling client offline detection ·························································································· 247
Discarding DHCPv6 requests that are delivered from VXLAN tunnels ··············································· 247
Display and maintenance commands for DHCPv6 relay agent ························································· 248
DHCPv6 relay agent configuration examples ··············································································· 249
Example: Configuring DHCPv6 relay agent ··········································································· 249
Configuring the DHCPv6 client ························································ 251
About the DHCPv6 client ········································································································· 251
Restrictions and guidelines: DHCPv6 client configuration ······························································· 251
DHCPv6 client tasks at a glance ······························································································· 251
Configuring the DHCPv6 client DUID ························································································· 251
Configuring IPv6 address acquisition ·························································································· 252
Configuring IPv6 prefix acquisition ····························································································· 252
Configuring IPv6 address and prefix acquisition ············································································ 252
Configuring acquisition of configuration parameters except IP addresses and prefixes ·························· 253
Setting the DSCP value for DHCPv6 packets sent by the DHCPv6 client ··········································· 253
Display and maintenance commands for DHCPv6 client ································································· 254
DHCPv6 client configuration examples ······················································································· 254
Example: Configuring IPv6 address acquisition ······································································ 254
Example: Configuring IPv6 prefix acquisition ········································································· 256
Example: Configuring IPv6 address and prefix acquisition ························································ 257
Example: Configuring stateless DHCPv6 ·············································································· 259
Configuring DHCPv6 snooping ························································ 262
About DHCPv6 snooping ········································································································· 262
Application of trusted and untrusted ports ············································································· 262
Restrictions and guidelines: DHCPv6 snooping configuration ·························································· 263
DHCPv6 snooping tasks at a glance ·························································································· 263
Configuring basic DHCPv6 snooping features ·············································································· 264
Configuring basic DHCPv6 snooping features in a common network ·········································· 264
Configuring DHCP snooping support for Option 18 ········································································ 265
Configuring DHCP snooping support for Option 37 ········································································ 265
Configuring DHCPv6 snooping entry auto backup ········································································· 266
Setting the maximum number of DHCPv6 snooping entries ····························································· 266
Configuring DHCPv6 packet rate limit ························································································· 267
Enabling DHCPv6-REQUEST check ·························································································· 267
Configuring a DHCPv6 packet blocking port ················································································ 268
Enabling DHCPv6 snooping logging ··························································································· 268
Disabling DHCPv6 snooping on an interface ················································································ 268
Display and maintenance commands for DHCPv6 snooping ··························································· 269
DHCPv6 snooping configuration examples ·················································································· 270
Example: Configuring DHCPv6 snooping globally ··································································· 270
Example: Configuring DHCPv6 snooping for a VLAN ······························································ 271
Configuring DHCPv6 guard ···························································· 273
About DHCPv6 guard ············································································································· 273
DHCPv6 guard operating mechanism ························································································· 273
Restrictions and guidelines: DHCPv6 guard configuration ······························································· 274
DHCPv6 guard tasks at a glance ······························································································· 274
Configuring a DHCPv6 guard policy ··························································································· 274
Applying a DHCPv6 guard policy to an interface ··········································································· 275
Applying a DHCPv6 guard policy to a VLAN ················································································ 275
Display and maintenance commands for DHCPv6 guard ································································ 276
DHCPv6 guard configuration examples ······················································································ 276
Example: Configuring DHCPv6 guard ·················································································· 276
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Configuring IPv6 fast forwarding ······················································ 278
About IPv6 fast forwarding ······································································································· 278
Configuring the aging time for IPv6 fast forwarding entries ······························································ 278
Configuring IPv6 fast forwarding load sharing ·············································································· 278
Display and maintenance commands for IPv6 fast forwarding ·························································· 279
Configuring tunneling ···································································· 280
About tunneling ····················································································································· 280
Supported tunneling technologies ······························································································ 280
Restrictions and guidelines: Tunnel interface configuration ····························································· 280
Prerequisites for tunnel configuration ························································································· 280
Configuring a tunnel interface ··································································································· 280
About tunnel interface configuration ···················································································· 280
Tunnel interface configuration tasks at a glance ····································································· 280
Creating a tunnel interface ································································································ 281
Specifying traffic processing slots for the tunnel interface ························································· 282
Restoring the default settings of the tunnel interface ······························································· 282
Adding TUNNEL to the PHY_UPDOWN log mnemonic for tunnel interfaces ································ 282
Display and maintenance commands for tunnel interface configuration ·············································· 283
Troubleshooting tunnel interface configuration ············································································· 283
Tunnel interface not up ····································································································· 283
IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling ································································ 285
About IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling ································································································· 285
Implementation ··············································································································· 285
Tunnel modes ················································································································· 285
IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling tasks at a glance ·················································································· 287
Configuring an IPv6 over IPv4 manual tunnel ··············································································· 287
Restrictions and guidelines ································································································ 287
Procedure ······················································································································ 288
Example: Configuring an IPv6 over IPv4 manual tunnel ··························································· 288
Configuring a 6to4 tunnel ········································································································· 291
Restrictions and guidelines ································································································ 291
Procedure ······················································································································ 291
Example: Configuring a 6to4 tunnel ····················································································· 291
Example: Configuring 6to4 relay ························································································· 294
Configuring an ISATAP tunnel ·································································································· 296
Restrictions and guidelines ································································································ 296
Procedure ······················································································································ 297
Example: Configuring an ISATAP tunnel ·············································································· 297
Enabling dropping IPv6 packets that use IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses ········································· 299
IPv4 over IPv4 tunneling ································································ 301
About IPv4 over IPv4 tunneling ································································································· 301
Restrictions and guidelines: IPv4 over IPv4 tunnel configuration ······················································ 301
Configuring an IPv4 over IPv4 tunnel ························································································· 302
IPv4 over IPv4 tunnel configuration examples ·············································································· 302
Example: Configuring an IPv4 over IPv4 tunnel ······································································ 302
IPv4 over IPv6 tunneling ································································ 306
About IPv4 over IPv6 tunneling ································································································· 306
Configuring an IPv4 over IPv6 tunnel ························································································· 306
Restrictions and guidelines ································································································ 306
Procedure ······················································································································ 307
Example: Configuring an IPv4 over IPv6 tunnel ······································································ 307
IPv6 over IPv6 tunneling ································································ 310
About IPv6 over IPv6 tunneling ································································································· 310
Restrictions and guidelines: IPv6 over IPv6 tunnel configuration ······················································ 310
IPv6 over IPv6 tunnel configuration tasks at a glance ···································································· 311
Configuring an IPv6 over IPv6 tunnel ························································································· 311
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Enabling dropping IPv6 packets that use IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses ········································· 311
IPv6 over IPv6 tunnel configuration examples ·············································································· 312
Example: Configuring an IPv6 over IPv6 tunnel ······································································ 312
Configuring GRE ·········································································· 315
About GRE ··························································································································· 315
GRE encapsulation format ································································································ 315
GRE tunnel operating principle ··························································································· 315
GRE application scenarios ································································································ 316
Protocols and standards ··································································································· 317
Restrictions and guidelines: GRE configuration ············································································ 317
Prerequisites for GRE ············································································································· 318
Configuring a GRE/IPv4 tunnel ································································································· 318
Configuring a GRE/IPv6 tunnel ································································································· 319
Enabling dropping IPv6 packets that use IPv4-compatible IPv6 addresses ········································· 320
Display and maintenance commands for GRE ············································································· 320
GRE configuration examples ···································································································· 320
Example: Configuring an IPv4 over IPv4 GRE tunnel ······························································ 320
Example: Configuring an IPv4 over IPv6 GRE tunnel ······························································ 323
Troubleshooting GRE ············································································································· 325
Hosts at both ends of a GRE tunnel cannot ping each other ····················································· 326
Configuring HTTP redirect ······························································ 327
About HTTP redirect ··············································································································· 327
HTTP redirect tasks at a glance ································································································ 327
Specifying the HTTPS redirect listening port number ····································································· 327
Associating an SSL server policy with the HTTPS redirect service ···················································· 328
Document conventions and icons ···················································· 329
Conventions ························································································································· 329
Network topology icons ··········································································································· 330
Support and other resources ·························································· 331
Accessing Hewlett Packard Enterprise Support ············································································ 331
Accessing updates ················································································································· 331
Websites ······················································································································· 332
Customer self repair ········································································································· 332
Remote support ·············································································································· 332
Documentation feedback ·································································································· 332
Index ························································································· 334
1
Configuring ARP
About ARP
ARP resolves IP addresses into MAC addresses on Ethernet networks.
ARP message format
ARP uses two types of messages: ARP request and ARP reply. Figure 1 shows the format of ARP
request/reply messages. Numbers in the figure refer to field lengths.
Figure 1 ARP message format
• Hardware type—Hardware address type. The value 1 represents Ethernet.
• Protocol type—Type of the protocol address to be mapped. The hexadecimal value 0x0800
represents IP.
• Hardware address length and protocol address length—Length, in bytes, of a hardware
address and a protocol address. For an Ethernet address, the value of the hardware address
length field is 6. For an IPv4 address, the value of the protocol address length field is 4.
• OP—Operation code, which describes the type of ARP message. The value 1 represents an
ARP request, and the value 2 represents an ARP reply.
• Sender hardware address—Hardware address of the device sending the message.
• Sender protocol address—Protocol address of the device sending the message.
• Target hardware address—Hardware address of the device to which the message is being
sent.
• Target protocol address—Protocol address of the device to which the message is being sent.
ARP operating mechanism
As shown in Figure 2, Host A and Host B are on the same subnet. Host A sends a packet to Host B as
follows:
1. Host A looks through the ARP table for an ARP entry for Host B. If one entry is found, Host A
uses the MAC address in the entry to encapsulate the IP packet into a data link layer frame.
Then Host A sends the frame to Host B.
2. If Host A finds no entry for Host B, Host A buffers the packet and broadcasts an ARP request.
The payload of the ARP request contains the following information:
Sender IP address and sender MAC address—Host A's IP address and MAC address.
Target IP address—Host B's IP address.
Target MAC address—An all-zero MAC address.
28-byte ARP request/reply
OP Sender hardware
address Sender protocol
address Target hardware
address Target protocol
address
Protocol
type
22 61 442 61
Hardware address length
Protocol address length
Hardware
type
2
All hosts on this subnet can receive the broadcast request, but only the requested host (Host B)
processes the request.
3. Host B compares its own IP address with the target IP address in the ARP request. If they are
the same, Host B operates as follows:
a. Adds the sender IP address and sender MAC address into its ARP table.
b. Encapsulates its MAC address into an ARP reply.
c. Unicasts the ARP reply to Host A.
4. After receiving the ARP reply, Host A operates as follows:
a. Adds the MAC address of Host B into its ARP table.
b. Encapsulates the MAC address into the packet and sends the packet to Host B.
Figure 2 ARP address resolution process
If Host A and Host B are on different subnets, Host A sends a packet to Host B as follows:
5. Host A broadcasts an ARP request where the target IP address is the IP address of the
gateway.
6. The gateway responds with its MAC address in an ARP reply to Host A.
7. Host A uses the gateway's MAC address to encapsulate the packet, and then sends the packet
to the gateway.
8. If the gateway has an ARP entry for Host B, it forwards the packet to Host B directly. If not, the
gateway broadcasts an ARP request, in which the target IP address is the IP address of Host B.
9. After the gateway gets the MAC address of Host B, it sends the packet to Host B.
ARP entry types
An ARP table stores dynamic ARP entries, OpenFlow ARP entries, Rule ARP entries, and static ARP
entries.
Dynamic ARP entry
ARP automatically creates and updates dynamic entries. A dynamic ARP entry is removed when its
aging timer expires or the output interface goes down. In addition, a dynamic ARP entry can be
overwritten by a static ARP entry.
Static ARP entry
A static ARP entry is manually configured and maintained. It does not age out and cannot be
overwritten by any dynamic ARP entry.
Static ARP entries protect communication between devices because attack packets cannot modify
the IP-to-MAC mapping in a static ARP entry.
The device supports the following types of static ARP entries:
Target IP
address
192.168.1.1
Target IP
address
192.168.1.2
Host A
192.168.1.1
0002-6779-0f4c
Host B
192.168.1.2
00a0-2470-febd
Target MAC
address
0000-0000-0000
Sender MAC
address
00a0-2470-febd
Target MAC
address
0002-6779-0f4c
Sender IP
address
192.168.1.1
Sender MAC
address
0002-6779-0f4c
Sender IP
address
192.168.1.2
3
• Long static ARP entry—It is directly used for forwarding packets. A long static ARP entry
contains the IP address, MAC address, and one of the following combinations:
VLAN and output interface.
Input and output interfaces.
• Short static ARP entry—It contains only the IP address and MAC address.
If the output interface is a Layer 3 Ethernet interface, the short ARP entry can be directly used to
forward packets.
If the output interface is a VLAN interface, the device sends an ARP request whose target IP
address is the IP address in the short entry. If the sender IP and MAC addresses in the received
ARP reply match the short static ARP entry, the device performs the following operations:
Adds the interface that received the ARP reply to the short static ARP entry.
Uses the resolved short static ARP entry to forward IP packets.
• Multiport ARP entry—It contains the IP address, MAC address, VLAN/VSI information.
The device can use a multiport ARP entry that has the same MAC address, VLAN/VSI as a
multicast or multiport unicast MAC address entry for packet forwarding. A multiport ARP entry is
manually configured. It does not age out and cannot be overwritten by any dynamic ARP entry.
To communicate with a host by using a fixed IP-to-MAC mapping, configure a short static ARP entry
on the device. To communicate with a host by using a fixed IP-to-MAC mapping through an interface
in a VLAN, configure a long static ARP entry on the device.
OpenFlow ARP entry
ARP creates OpenFlow ARP entries by learning from the OpenFlow module. An OpenFlow ARP
entry does not age out, and it cannot be updated. An OpenFlow ARP entry can be used directly to
forward packets. For more information about OpenFlow, see OpenFlow Configuration Guide.
Rule ARP entry
Rule ARP entries can be directly used for packet forwarding. A Rule ARP entry does not age out, and
it cannot be updated. It can be overwritten by a static ARP entry.
ARP creates Rule ARP entries by learning from the following modules:
• Portal. For more information about portal, see Security Configuration Guide.
• VXLAN. For more information about VXLAN, see VXLAN Configuration Guide.
• OVSDB. For more information about OVSDB, see VXLAN configuration in VXLAN
Configuration Guide.
ARP tasks at a glance
All ARP tasks are optional.
• Configuring a static ARP entry
Configuring a short static ARP entry
Configuring a long static ARP entry
Configuring a multiport ARP entry
• Configuring features for dynamic ARP entries
Setting the dynamic ARP learning limit for a device
Setting the dynamic ARP learning limit for an interface
Setting the aging timer for dynamic ARP entries
Setting the maximum number of probes for dynamic ARP entries
Setting the interval for probing dynamic ARP entries
Enabling dynamic ARP entry check
4
• Synchronizing ARP entries across all member devices
• Configuring a customer-side or network-side port
• Enabling user information checking for ARP entries:
Enabling recording user IP address conflicts
Enabling interface consistency check between ARP and MAC address entries
Enabling recording user port migrations
• Enabling ARP logging
Configuring a static ARP entry
Static ARP entries are effective when the device functions correctly.
Configuring a short static ARP entry
Restrictions and guidelines
A resolved short static ARP entry becomes unresolved upon certain events, for example, when the
resolved output interface goes down, or the corresponding VLAN or VLAN interface is deleted.
Procedure
1. Enter system view.
system-view
2. Configure a short static ARP entry.
arp static ip-address mac-address [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
Configuring a long static ARP entry
About long static ARP entries
Long static ARP entries can be effective or ineffective. Ineffective long static ARP entries cannot be
used for packet forwarding. A long static ARP entry is ineffective when any of the following conditions
exists:
• The IP address in the entry conflicts with a local IP address.
• No local interface has an IP address in the same subnet as the IP address in the ARP entry.
A long static ARP entry for a VLAN is deleted if the VLAN or VLAN interface is deleted.
Procedure
1. Enter system view.
system-view
2. Configure a long static ARP entry.
arp static ip-address mac-address [ vlan-id interface-type
interface-number | vsi-interface vsi-interface-id tunnel number vsi
vsi-name | vsi-interface vsi-interface-id interface-type
interface-number service-instance instance-id vsi vsi-name ]
[ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
5
Configuring a multiport ARP entry
About multiport ARP entries
A multiport ARP entry contains an IP address, MAC address, output interface, and VLAN ID/VSI
information. The VLAN and output interfaces are specified by a multiport unicast MAC address entry
or a multicast MAC address entry. For more information about multiport unicast MAC address entries,
see Layer—2 LAN Switching Configuration Guide. For more information about multicast MAC
address entries, see IP Multicast Configuration Guide.
A multiport ARP entry can overwrite a dynamic, short static or long static ARP entry. Conversely, a
short static or long static ARP entry can overwrite a multiport ARP entry.
Restrictions and guidelines
For a multiport ARP entry to be effective for packet forwarding, make sure the following conditions
are met:
• A multiport unicast MAC address entry or a multicast MAC address entry exists.
• The multiport ARP entry must have the same MAC address and VLAN/VSI setting as the
multiport unicast MAC address entry or the multicast MAC address entry.
• The IP address in the multiport ARP entry must reside on the same subnet as the VLAN
interface of the specified VLAN.
Prerequisites
A service loopback group that supports the multiport ARP service must be created. If the device is in
a VXLAN network, only the service loopback group that supports the VSI gateway service must also
be created. The service loopback group has a minimum of one member port that is not used for any
other purposes and does not have any configuration. For information about creating and configuring
a service loopback group, see Layer 2—LAN Switching Configuration Guide.
Procedure
1. Enter system view.
system-view
2. Configure a multiport unicast MAC address entry or a multicast MAC address entry.
In a common network, configure a multiport unicast MAC address entry.
mac-address multiport mac-address interface interface-list vlan
vlan-id
In a VXLAN network, configure a local multiport unicast MAC address entry.
mac-address multiport mac-address { interface { interface-type
interface-number service-instance instance-id }&<1-4> } vsi
vsi-name
In a VXLAN network, configure a remote multiport unicast MAC address entry.
mac-address multiport mac-address { interface { tunnel
tunnel-number1 [ to tunnel tunnel-number2 ] }&<1-4> } vsi vsi-name
In a common network, configure a multicast MAC address entry.
mac-address multicast mac-address interface interface-list vlan
vlan-id
In a VXLAN network, configure a local static multicast MAC address entry.
mac-address multicast mac-address { interface { interface-type
interface-number service-instance instance-id }&<1-4> } vsi
vsi-name
In a VXLAN network, configure a remote static multicast MAC address entry.
6
mac-address multicast mac-address { interface { tunnel
tunnel-number1 [ to tunnel tunnel-number2 ] }&<1-4> } vsi vsi-name
3. Configure a multiport ARP entry.
arp multiport ip-address mac-address { vlan-id | vsi-interface
vsi-interface-id vsi vsi-name } [ vpn-instance vpn-instance-name ]
Configuring features for dynamic ARP entries
Setting the dynamic ARP learning limit for a device
About the dynamic ARP learning limit for a device
A device can dynamically learn ARP entries. To prevent a device from holding too many ARP entries,
you can set the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries that the device can learn. When the limit
is reached, the device stops ARP learning.
If you set a value lower than the number of existing dynamic ARP entries, the device does not delete
the existing entries unless they age out. You can use the reset arp dynamic command to clear
dynamic ARP entries.
Procedure
1. Enter system view.
system-view
2. Set the dynamic ARP learning limit for the device.
arp max-learning-number max-number slot slot-number
By default, the dynamic ARP learning limit for a device depends on the ARP table capacity set
by using the hardware-resource switch-mode command. For information about the
hardware-resource switch-mode command, see the device management in
Fundamentals Command Reference.
To disable the device from dynamic ARP learning, set the value to 0.
Setting the dynamic ARP learning limit for an interface
About setting the dynamic ARP learning limit for an interface
An interface can dynamically learn ARP entries. To prevent an interface from holding too many ARP
entries, you can set the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries that the interface can learn. When
the limit is reached, the interface stops ARP learning.
You can set limits for both a Layer 2 interface and the VLAN interface for a permitted VLAN on the
Layer 2 interface. The Layer 2 interface learns an ARP entry only when neither limit is reached.
The total dynamic ARP learning limit for all interfaces will not be higher than the dynamic ARP
learning limit for the device.
Procedure
1. Enter system view.
system-view
2. Enter interface view.
interface interface-type interface-number
3. Set the dynamic ARP learning limit for the interface.
arp max-learning-num max-number [ alarm alarm-threshold ]
7
By default, the maximum number of dynamic ARP entries that an interface can learn depends
on the ARP table capacity set by using the hardware-resource switch-mode command.
For information about the hardware-resource switch-mode command, see the device
management in Fundamentals Command Reference.
To disable the interface from dynamic ARP learning, set the value to 0.
Setting the aging timer for dynamic ARP entries
About the aging timer for dynamic ARP entries
Each dynamic ARP entry in the ARP table has a limited lifetime, called an aging timer. The aging
timer of a dynamic ARP entry is reset each time the dynamic ARP entry is updated. A dynamic ARP
entry that is not updated before its aging timer expires is deleted from the ARP table.
You can set the aging timer for dynamic ARP entries in system view or in interface view. The aging
timer set in interface view takes precedence over the aging timer set in system view.
Procedure
1. Enter system view.
system-view
2. Set the aging timer for dynamic ARP entries.
Set the aging timer for dynamic ARP entries in system view.
arp timer aging { aging-minutes | second aging-seconds }
By default, the aging timer for dynamic ARP entries in system view is 20 minutes.
Execute the following commands in sequence to set the aging timer for dynamic ARP
entries in interface view:
interface interface-type interface-number
arp timer aging { aging-minutes | second aging-seconds }
By default, the aging timer for dynamic ARP entries in interface view is the aging timer set in
system view.
Setting the maximum number of probes for dynamic ARP
entries
About the maximum number of probes for dynamic ARP entries
This probe mechanism keeps legal dynamic ARP entries valid and avoids unnecessary ARP
resolution during later traffic forwarding. It sends ARP requests for the IP address in a dynamic ARP
entry.
• If the device receives an ARP reply before the entry aging timer expires, the device resets the
aging timer.
• If the device does not receive any ARP reply after the maximum number of probes is made, the
device deletes the entry when the entry aging timer expires.
You can set the maximum number of probes in system view or in interface view. The probe count set
in interface view takes precedence over the probe count set in system view.
Procedure
1. Enter system view.
system-view
2. Set the maximum number of probes for dynamic ARP entries.
Set the maximum number of probes for dynamic ARP entries in system view.
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Aruba Layer 3—IP Services Configuration Guide
- Category
- Networking
- Type
- Configuration Guide
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