Silicon Labs UG442 User guide

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation

Board for the Si3406

The Si3406 non-isolated Buck evaluation board is a reference de-

sign for a power supply in a Power over Ethernet (PoE) Powered

Device (PD) application.

This Si3406-Buck EVB provides simple and low-cost solution with different output vol-

tages and power levels.

The Si3406-Buck-5V EVB board is shown below. The Si3406 IC integrates an IEEE

802.03at compatible PoE interface as well as a current control-based dc/dc converter.

The Si3406 PD integrates an internal rectifier bridge, detection circuit, classification cir-

cuit, dc/dc switch, hotswap switch, TVS overvoltage protection, dynamic soft-start circuit,

cycle-by-cycle current limit, thermal shutdown, and inrush current protection.

The switching frequency is set to 220 kHz by installing R10 = 88.7 k

Ω.

KEY FEATURES

• IEEE 802.03at compliant

•

Very small application PCB surface

• High efficiency

• High integration

• Low-profile 4 x 4 mm 20-pin QFN

• Integrated diode bridge

• Integrated thermal shutdown protection

• Automatic and user mode MPS generation

• Integrated transient overvoltage protection

Parameter Condition

Si3406-

BUCK-3.3V

Si3406-

BUCK-5V

Si3406-

BUCK-12V

Si3406-

BUCK-24V

PSE input voltage range Connector J1 37 V to 57 V

PoE Type/Class IEEE 802.3at Type 1/Class 2

Output Voltage / Current Connectors J2-J3 3.3 V* / 2.1 A 5 V / 1.4 A 12 V / 0.583 A 24 V / 0.291 A

Efficiency, End-to-End VIN = 50 V, internal bridge 72.03 % 77.98 % 85.14 % 88.36 %

Switching frequency RFREQ (R10) = 88.7 kΩ 220 kHz

Conducted EMI EN55032, average detector Passed

Conducted EMI EN55032, peak detector Passed

Radiated EMI EN55032 Class B Passed

*Note: 3.3 V Buck designs using internal diode bridge are limited to 70 °C ambient due to the increased thermal rise. For 3.3 V Buck

designs targeting a maximum ambient of 85 °C, an external diode bridge should be used.

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1

Table of Contents

1.

Selector Guide ...............................5

2. Powering up the Si3406-Buck Board ......................6

3. Si3406 BOM Variants ............................7

3.1 Si3406-Buck EVB .............................7

4. Si3406-Buck EVB: 3.3 V, Class 2 Configuration ..................9

4.1 Si3406-Buck EVB Schematic: 3.3 V, Class 2, 7 W ..................9

4.2 End-to-End EVB Efficiency ..........................10

4.3 Thermal Measurements ...........................11

4.4 SIFOS PoE Compatibility Test Results ......................12

4.5 Adjustable EVB Current Limit .........................18

4.6 Feedback Loop Phase and Gain Measurement Results (Bode Plots) ............19

4.7 Load Step Transient Measurement Results ....................19

4.8 Output Voltage Ripple ...........................20

4.9 Soft-Start Protection ............................20

4.10 Output Short Protection ..........................21

4.11 Pulse Skipping at No-Load Condition ......................22

4.12 Discontinuous (DCM) and Continuous (CCM) Current Modes ..............22

4.13 Maintain Power Signature (MPS) .......................23

4.14 Radiated Emissions Measurement Results ....................24

4.15 Conducted Emissions Measurement Results ...................25

4.16 Bill of Materials .............................26

5. Si3406-Buck EVB: 5 V, Class 2 Configuration ..................28

5.1 Si3406-Buck EVB Schematic: 5 V, Class 2, 7 W...................28

5.2 End-to-End EVB Efficiency ..........................29

5.3 Thermal Measurements ...........................30

5.4 SIFOS PoE Compatibility Test Results ......................31

5.5 Adjustable EVB Current Limit .........................37

5.6 Feedback Loop Phase and Gain Measurement Results (Bode Plots) ............38

5.7 Load Step Transient Measurement Results ....................38

5.8 Output Voltage Ripple ...........................39

5.9 Soft-Start Protection ............................39

5.10 Output Short Protection ..........................40

5.11 Pulse Skipping at No-Load Condition ......................41

5.12 Discontinuous (DCM) and Continuous (CCM) Current Modes ..............41

5.13 Maintain Power Signature (MPS) .......................42

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5.14 Radiated Emissions Measurement Results ....................43

5.15 Conducted Emissions Measurement Results ...................44

5.16 Bill of Materials .............................45

6.

Si3406-Buck EVB: 12 V, Class 2 Configuration ..................47

6.1 Si3406-Buck EVB Schematic: 12 V Class 2, 7 W ..................47

6.2 End-to-End EVB Efficiency ..........................48

6.3 Thermal Measurements ...........................49

6.4 SIFOS PoE Compatibility Test Results ......................50

6.5 Adjustable EVB Current Limit .........................56

6.6 Feedback Loop Phase and Gain Measurement Results (Bode Plots) ............57

6.7 Load Step Transient Measurement Results ....................57

6.8 Output Voltage Ripple ...........................58

6.9 Soft-Start Protection ............................58

6.10 Output Short Protection ..........................59

6.11 Pulse Skipping at No-Load Condition ......................60

6.12 Discontinuous (DCM) and Continuous (CCM) Current Modes ..............60

6.13 Maintain Power Signature (MPS) .......................61

6.14 Radiated Emissions Measurement Results ....................62

6.15 Conducted Emissions Measurement Results ...................63

6.16 Bill of Materials .............................64

7. Si3406-Buck EVB: 24 V, Class 2 Configuration ..................66

7.1 Si3406-Buck EVB Schematic: 24V, Class 2, 7W...................66

7.2 End-to-End EVB Efficiency ..........................67

7.3 Thermal Measurements ...........................68

7.4 SIFOS PoE Compatibility Test Results ......................69

7.5 Adjustable EVB Current Limit .........................75

7.6 Feedback Loop Phase and Gain Measurement Results (Bode Plots) ............76

7.7 Load Step Transient Measurement Results ....................76

7.8 Output Voltage Ripple ...........................77

7.9 Soft-Start Protection ............................77

7.10 Output Short Protection ..........................78

7.11 Pulse Skipping at No-Load Condition ......................79

7.12 Discontinuous (DCM) and Continuous (CCM) Current Modes ..............79

7.13 Maintain Power Signature (MPS) .......................80

7.14 Radiated Emissions Measurement Results ....................81

7.15 Conducted Emissions Measurement Results ...................82

7.16 Bill of Materials .............................83

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 3

8. Tunable Switching Frequency ........................85

9. Board Layout ..............................86

10. Design and Layout Checklist ........................88

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 4

1. Selector Guide

The minimum possible output voltage of this evaluation board is 3.3 V, the maximum possible output voltage is 24 V.

This user guide presents 4 different output voltages: 3.3 V, 5 V, 12 V and 24 V.

The maximum power is 7 W and limited by the internal rectifier bridge, while the efficiency of the EVB highly depends on the output

voltage. Higher output voltage configurations tend to have higher efficiency, meanwhile, lower output voltage configurations have lower

efficiency.

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

76

78

80

82

84

86

88

90

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Efficiency (%)

Output power (W)

Efficiency

Si3406-BUCK-24V, Vin=50V

Si3406-BUCK-12V, Vin=50V

Si3406-BUCK-5V, Vin=50V

Si3406-BUCK-3.3V, Vin=50V

Figure 1.1. Si3406-Buck Non-Isolated EVB End-to-End Efficiency of Different Configurations: 50 V Input

Note: The chart shows the end-to-end EVB efficiency, where voltage drop on the diode bridge is included and LEDs are removed.

The

standard Si3406-Buck-5V EVB is shown on the cover page. This document includes complete schematics and measurement data

for the below 4 different output voltages:

• Si3406-Buck-3.3V-7W – Class 2

• Si3406-Buck-5V-7W – Class 2

• Si3406-Buck-12V-7W – Class 2

• Si3406-Buck-24V-7W – Class 2

The parts in red on the schematics represent the BOM differences between the four designs

On the board, the internal diode bridges are used as rectifier bridges. See the figure above for overall conversion efficiency results. The

recommended detection resistor value is listed in the following table

Table 1.1. Recommended Detection Resistor Values

Diode Bridge

R

DET

Internal 24.3 kΩ

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Selector Guide

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 5

2. Powering up the Si3406-Buck Board

Ethernet data and power are applied to the board through the RJ45 connector (J1). The board itself has no Ethernet data transmission

functionality, but, as a convenience, the Ethernet with secondary-side data is brought out to test points.

The design can be used in Gigabit (10/100/1000) systems as well by using PoE RJ45 Magjack, such as type L8BE-1G1T-BFH from Bel

Fuse.

Power may be applied in the following ways:

• Using an any IEEE 802.3-2015-compliant, PoE-capable PSE, or

• Using a laboratory power supply unit (PSU):

• Connecting a dc source between blue/white-blue and brown/white-brown of the Ethernet cable (either polarity), (End-span) as

shown below:

+V

OUT

-V

OUT

PSU

RJ45 plug

Silicon Labs' EVB

RJ-45

Figure 2.1. Endspan Connection using Laboratory Power Supply

• Connecting

a dc source between green/white-green and orange/white-orange of the Ethernet cable (either polarity), (Mid-span)

as shown below:

+V

OUT

-V

OUT

PSU

RJ45 plug

Silicon Labs' EVB

RJ-45

Figure 2.2. Midspan Connection using Laboratory Power Supply

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Powering up the Si3406-Buck Board

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 6

3. Si3406 BOM Variants

3.1 Si3406-Buck EVB

The Si3406-BUCK EVB comes in a 5 V/7 W configuration. To change the EVB to other voltage levels, a few components must be re-

placed on the EVB. These are summarized in the following table.

Table 3.1. Si3406-Buck-5V / 7W Non-Isolated EVB BOM Changes for Different Voltage Levels

24 V

Qty Ref Value Rating Voltage Tol Type PCB Footprint Mfr Part Number Mfr

1 C14 1 nF 50 V ±1% C0G C0805 C0805C0G500-102F Venkel

3

C4, C5,

C8

22 µF 25 V ±10% X7R C1210 C1210X7R250-226M Venkel

1 C7 1 µF 50 V ±10% X7R C0805 CL21B105KBFNNNE Samsung

1 D1 PDS3100 3 A 100 V Schottky POWERDI-5 PDS3100-13

Diodes

Inc.

1 L2 470 µH 0.43 A ±10% Shielded IND-MSS1038 MSS1048-474KL Coilcraft

1 R1 7.5 kΩ 1/10 W ±1% Thick Film R0805 CR0805-10W-7501F Venkel

1 R3 1.37 kΩ 1/10 W ±0.1% ±25 PPM R0805

TFCR0805-10W-

E-1371B

Venkel

1 R4 23.7 kΩ 1/10 W ±0.1% ±25 PPM R0805

TFCR0805-10W-

E-2372B

Venkel

1 R8 100 kΩ 1/8 W ±1% Thick Film R0805 CR0805-8W-1003F Venkel

Not Installed Components

1 C22 200 pF 50 V ±1% C0G C0805 C0805C0G500-201FNE Venkel

1 C6 39 pF 25 V ±1% C0G C0805 C0805C0G250-390FNP Venkel

12 V

Qty Ref Value Rating Voltage Tol Type PCB Footprint Mfr Part Number Mfr

1 C14 470 pF 50 V ±1% C0G C0805 C0805C0G500-471F Venkel

1 C22 430 pF 50 V ±2% C0G C0805 C0805C0G500-431GNP Venkel

1 C4 47 µF 16 V ±20% X5R C1210 C1210X5R160-476MNE Venkel

1 C6 220 pF 50 V ±1% C0G C0805 C0805C0G500-221FNE Venkel

1 C7 10 µF 16 V ±10% X5R C0805 C0805X5R160-106K Venkel

1 D1 PDS3100 3 A 100 V Schottky POWERDI-5 PDS3100-13

Diodes

Inc.

1 L2 180 µH 0.75 A ±10% Shielded IND-MSS1038 MSS1048-184KL Coilcraft

1 R1 3.24 kΩ 1/8 W ±1% Thick Film R0805 CRCW08053K24FKEA Vishay

1 R3 1.1 kΩ 1/10 W ±1% Thick Film R0805 CR0805-10W-1101F Venkel

1 R4 9.09 kΩ 1/10 W ±0.5% ±25 PPM R0805 RR1220P-9091-D-M Susumu

1 R8 100 kΩ 1/8 W ±1% Thick Film R0805 CR0805-8W-1003F Venkel

Not Installed Components

2 C5, C8 100 µF 6.3 V ±10% X5R C1210 C1210X5R6R3-107K Venkel

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Si3406 BOM Variants

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 7

3.3 V

Qty Ref Value Rating Voltage Tol Type PCB Footprint Mfr Part Number Mfr

1 C14 330 pF 50 V ±1% C0G C0805 C0805C0G500-331F Venkel

3

C4, C5,

C8

100 µF 6.3 V ±10% X5R C1210 C1210X5R6R3-107K Venkel

1 C7 22 µF 6.3 V ±20% X5R C0805 C0805X5R6R3-226M Venkel

1 D1 SDT5H100P5 5 A 100 V Schottky POWERDI-5 SDT5H100P5-7

Diodes

Inc.

1 L2 100 µH 2.8 A ±20% Shielded IND-MSS1278 MSS1278-104ML Coilcraft

1 R1 475 1/8 W ±1% ThickFilm R0805 CR0805-8W-4750FT Venkel

1 R3 3.24 kΩ 1/8 W ±1% ThickFilm R0805 CRCW08053K24FKEA Vishay

1 R4 4.87 kΩ 1/8 W ±1% ThickFilm R0805 RC0805FR-074K87L Yageo

1 R8 210 kΩ 1/10 W ±1% ThickFilm R0805 CR0805-10W-2103F Venkel

Not Installed Components

1 C22 200 pF 50 V ±1% C0G C0805 C0805C0G500-201FNE Venkel

1 C6 39 pF 25 V ±1% C0G C0805 C0805C0G250-390FNP Venkel

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Si3406 BOM Variants

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 8

4. Si3406-Buck EVB: 3.3 V, Class 2 Configuration

4.1 Si3406-Buck EVB Schematic: 3.3 V, Class 2, 7 W

The figure below shows the schematic of the Si3406-Buck 3.3 V, Class 2 EVB. The parts in red on the schematic represent the BOM

differences compared to the core design.

Vneg i s a t he r mal pl ane as wel l a s ESD and EMI .

Us e t he r mal vi a s t o at l ea st 1 i nch s qua r e pl a ne

on backs i de 1 t o 1. 2mm pi t c h 0. 3 t o 0. 33mm di a met er .

NI = Not I ns t a l l e d

R14

NI

R1 475

L8

330 Ohm@100MHz

R7

1.2

C4

100uF

6.3V

C21

0.1uF

D1

SDT5H100P5

100V

C20

NI

C7

22uF

6.3V

TP7

C6

NI

U1

Si3406

FBH

1

EROUT

2

FBL

3

VDD

4

NSLEEP

5

RDET

6

HSO

7

RCL

8

RFREQ

9

SP2

10

SP1

11

VPOS

12

CT2

13

CT1

14

NT2P

15

SYNCL

16

V11

17

SWO

18

VSS

19

ISNS

20

EPAD

21

C5

100uF

6.3V

R6

3

TP10

SWO

L5

330 Ohm@100MHz

C19

0.1uF

TP3

J1

RJ-45

MX0+

1

MX0-

3

MX1+

4

PWR2

8

PWR3

9

PWR4

10

CT

2

LED_K2

K2

LED_A2

A2

LED_K1

K1

LED_A1

A1

PWR1

7

CT/MX1-

5

MX1-

6

PWR5

11

J2

C8

100uF

6.3V

R11

75

TP8

C13

0.1uF

100V

TP4

R8

210K

R5

10

J3

+

C2

12uF

100V

L6

330 Ohm@100MHz

+

C3

NI

6.3V

TP9

Vss

R9

24.3k

C14

330pF

TP1

Vpos

C1

1uF

100V

R4

4.87k

TP5

R12

NI

TP2

Vout+

R3

3.24K

R10

88.7K

TP12

Vneg

C22

NI

R13

0

L7

330 Ohm@100MHz

TP11

Vout-

TP6

L2

100uH

MSS1278-104ML

fbh

vpos

vdd

rcl

rdet

rfreq

vss

fbh

erout

vss

vpos

vneg

vss

vpos

ct1

sp1

ct2 sp1

sp2

ct2

ct1

sp2

vss

vpos

vneg

Figure 4.1. Si3406 Buck Non-Isolated EVB Schematic: 3.3 V, Class 2 PD, 7 W

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Si3406-Buck EVB: 3.3 V, Class 2 Configuration

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 9

4.2 End-to-End EVB Efficiency

The

end-to-end conversion efficiency measurement data of the Si3406 3.3V Buck board is shown below with internal input bridges. The

efficiency was measured at three different input voltage levels: 42 V, 50 V and 57 V.

60

62

64

66

68

70

72

74

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Efficiency (%)

Output power (W)

Efficiency

Si3406-BUCK-3.3V, Vin=57V

Si3406-BUCK-3.3V, Vin=50V

Si3406-BUCK-3.3V, Vin=42V

Figure 4.2. Si3406-Buck End-to-End Efficiency Chart with internal Diodes as Input Bridge: 42 V, 50 V and 57 V Input, 3.3 V

Output, Class 2

Note: The chart shows end-to-end EVB efficiency. The voltage drop of the diode bridge is included. LEDs are removed.

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Si3406-Buck EVB: 3.3 V, Class 2 Configuration

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 10

4.3 Thermal Measurements

The

Si3406-Buck EVB’s temperature was measured at maximum input power – 6.5 W. The Si3406-Buck EVB is configured for 3.3 V

output voltage and Class 2 power level. The following figure shows the thermal image taken of the top side of the PCB at maximum

input power.

Si3406

Switching diode

Buck inductor

Figure 4.3. Thermal Measurements of the Si3406-Buck Non-Isolated EVB, 3.3 V, Class 2 PD

The following table lists the temperatures of the notable components across the board.

Table 4.1. Component Temperatures at Full Load

Component Temperature

Si3406 – U1 71.4 °C

Switching Diode – D1 64.3 °C

Buck Inductor – L2 56.4 °C

Note:

1.

The ambient temperature was 26 °C during the thermal measurements.

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Si3406-Buck EVB: 3.3 V, Class 2 Configuration

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 11

4.4 SIFOS PoE Compatibility Test Results

The

PDA-604A Powered Device Analyzer is a single-box comprehensive solution for testing IEEE 802.3at and IEEE 802.3bt PoE Pow-

ered Devices (PDs). The Si3406-Buck-3.3V EVB board has been successfully tested with the PDA-604A Powered Device Analyzer

from SIFOS Technologies.

Table 4.2. Si3406-Buck Non-Isolated EVB, 3.3 V, Class 2 PD SIFOS PoE Compatibility Test Results

ALT A MDI

Detection and

Classification

PSE Emulation Pairs A Polarity MDI Det Cycles 3

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Limit High Limit P/F

Rdet 24.53 kΩ 24.53 24.53 24.53 23.70 26.30 P

Rdet_final 24.51 kΩ 24.51 24.51 24.51 23.70 26.30 P

Rdet_unpwr >99.00 kΩ 99.00 99.00 99.00 <12.00 >45.00 P

Rdet_at_Vmin 24.48 kΩ 24.48 24.48 24.48 23.70 26.30 P

Rdet_at_Vmax 24.57 kΩ 24.57 24.57 24.57 23.70 26.30 P

Rdet_Voffset 1.4 VDC 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.0 1.9 P

Cdet 0.10 µF 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.12 P

Cdet_final 0.10 µF 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.12 P

1 Event Classification

Iclass 18.4 mA 18.4 18.4 18.4 17.0 20.0 P

ClassNum 2 2 2 — 0 4 P

Tclass 0.0005 s 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0050 P

ClassStability 1 1 1 P

Iclass_at_Vmin 18.7 mA 18.7 18.7 18.7 17.0 20.0 P

Iclass_at_Vmax 18.5 mA 18.5 18.5 18.5 17.0 20.0 P

2 Event Classification

Iclass_event1 18.4 mA 18.4 18.4 18.4 17.0 20.0 P

Iclass_event2 18.4 mA 18.4 18.4 18.4 17.0 20.0 P

MarkI 1.58 mA 1.58 1.58 1.58 0.25 4.00 INFO

ClassNum2 2 2 2 — 0 4 P

Tclass_event1 0.0005 s 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0050 P

Tclass_event2 0.0005 s 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0050 P

ClassStability_event1 1 1 1 P

ClassStability_event2 1 1 1 P

Power-Up / Down

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Limit High Limit P/F

InrushI_1 155.8 mA 155.8 155.8 155.8 0.0 400.0 P

InrushI_2 156.6 mA 156.6 156.6 156.6 0.0 400.0 P

Pmax_Tdelay 0.2 W 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 8.4 P

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Si3406-Buck EVB: 3.3 V, Class 2 Configuration

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 12

Inrush_delayed 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

Von 37.2 VDC 37.2 37.2 37.2 30.0 42.0 P

Voff 33.1 VDC 33.1 33.1 33.1 30.0 42.0 P

Vhyst 4.0 VDC 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0 12.0 P

BackfeedV 0.0 VDC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.8 P

ClassRecover 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

SigRecoverTime 0.0 s 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.0 P

MDI Powered Type-1 PSE Emulation On Time 10 s Off Time 10 s Vport 48.0

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Limit High Limit P/F

MinI_1 8.3 mA 8.3 8.3 8.3 0.0 174.2 P

MaxI_1 13.5 mA 13.5 13.5 13.5 10.0 174.2 P

Vport_1 48.0 VDC 48.0 48.0 48.0 37.0 57.0 INFO

Ppeak_1 0.65 W 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.0 8.4 P

Pavg_1 0.50 W 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.0 6.5 P

MPSViolation_1 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

TcutWindowViolation_1 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

DutyCycleViolation_1 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

MDI Powered

Type-2 PHY

PSE Emulation On Time 10 s Off Time 10 s Vport 54.0

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Limit High Limit P/F

MinI_2 3.0 mA 3.0 3.0 3.0 0.0 154.7 P

MaxI_2 21.6 mA 21.6 21.6 21.6 10.0 154.7 P

Vport_2 54.1 VDC 54.1 54.1 54.1 42.5 57.0 INFO

Ppeak_2 1.17 W 1.17 1.17 1.17 0.0 8.4 P

Pavg_2 0.55 W 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.0 6.5 P

MPSViolation_2 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

TcutWindowViolation_2 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

DutyCycleViolation_2 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

ALT A MDI-X

Detection and

Classification

PSE Emulation Pairs A Polarity MDI Det Cycles 3

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Limit High Limit P/F

Rdet 24.44 kΩ 24.44 24.44 24.44 23.70 26.30 P

Rdet_final 24.51 kΩ 24.51 24.51 24.51 23.70 26.30 P

Rdet_unpwr >99.00 kΩ 99.00 99.00 99.00 <12.00 >45.00 P

Rdet_at_Vmin 24.86 kΩ 24.86 24.86 24.86 23.70 26.30 P

Rdet_at_Vmax 24.65 kΩ 24.65 24.65 24.65 23.70 26.30 P

Rdet_Voffset 1.4 VDC 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.0 1.9 P

Cdet 0.10 µF 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.12 P

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Si3406-Buck EVB: 3.3 V, Class 2 Configuration

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 13

Cdet_final 0.10 µF 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.12 P

1 Event Classification

Iclass 18.4 mA 18.4 18.4 18.4 17.0 20.0 P

ClassNum 2 2 2 — 0 4 P

Tclass 0.0005 s 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0050 P

ClassStability 1 1 1 P

Iclass_at_Vmin 18.3 mA 18.3 18.3 18.3 17.0 20.0 P

Iclass_at_Vmax 18.3 mA 18.3 18.3 18.3 17.0 20.0 P

2 Event Classification

Iclass_event1 18.4 mA 18.4 18.4 18.4 17.0 20.0 P

Iclass_event2 18.4 mA 18.4 18.4 18.4 17.0 20.0 P

MarkI 1.58 mA 1.58 1.58 1.58 0.25 4.00 INFO

ClassNum2 2 2 2 — 0 4 P

Tclass_event1 0.0005 s 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0050 P

Tclass_event2 0.0005 s 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0050 P

ClassStability_event1 1 1 1 P

ClassStability_event2 1 1 1 P

Power-Up / Down

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Limit High Limit P/F

InrushI_1 155.8 mA 155.8 155.8 155.8 0.0 400.0 P

InrushI_2 156.6 mA 156.6 156.6 156.6 0.0 400.0 P

Pmax_Tdelay 0.2 W 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 8.4 P

Inrush_delayed 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

Von 37.6 VDC 37.6 37.6 37.6 30.0 42.0 P

Voff 33.5 VDC 33.5 33.5 33.5 30.0 42.0 P

Vhyst 4.1 VDC 4.1 4.1 4.1 0.0 12.0 P

BackfeedV 0.1 VDC 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 2.8 P

ClassRecover 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

SigRecoverTime 0.0 s 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.0 P

MDI Powered Type-1 PSE Emulation On Time 10 s Off Time 10 s Vport 48.0

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Limit High Limit P/F

MinI_1 7.9 mA 7.9 7.9 7.9 0.0 172.9 P

MaxI_1 13.4 mA 13.4 13.4 13.4 10.0 172.9 P

Vport_1 48.3 VDC 48.3 48.3 48.3 37.0 57.0 INFO

Ppeak_1 0.65 W 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.0 8.4 P

Pavg_1 0.50 W 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.0 6.5 P

MPSViolation_1 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

TcutWindowViolation_1 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Si3406-Buck EVB: 3.3 V, Class 2 Configuration

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 14

DutyCycleViolation_1 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

MDI Powered

Type-2 PHY

PSE Emulation On Time 10 s Off Time 10 s Vport 54.0

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Limit High Limit P/F

MinI_2 2.7 mA 2.7 2.7 2.7 0.0 153.9 P

MaxI_2 22.4 mA 22.4 22.4 22.4 10.0 153.9 P

Vport_2 54.4 VDC 54.4 54.4 54.4 42.5 57.0 INFO

Ppeak_2 1.22 W 1.22 1.22 1.22 0.0 8.4 P

Pavg_2 0.55 W 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.0 6.5 P

MPSViolation_2 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

TcutWindowViolation_2 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

DutyCycleViolation_2 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

ALT B MDI

Detection and

Classification

PSE Emulation Pairs A Polarity MDI Det Cycles 3

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Limit High Limit P/F

Rdet 24.40 kΩ 24.40 24.40 24.40 23.70 26.30 P

Rdet_final 24.40 kΩ 24.40 24.40 24.40 23.70 26.30 P

Rdet_unpwr >99.00 kΩ 99.00 99.00 99.00 <12.00 >45.00 P

Rdet_at_Vmin 24.98 kΩ 24.98 24.98 24.98 23.70 26.30 P

Rdet_at_Vmax 24.62 kΩ 24.62 24.62 24.62 23.70 26.30 P

Rdet_Voffset 1.4 VDC 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.0 1.9 P

Cdet 0.10 µF 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.12 P

Cdet_final 0.10 µF 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.12 P

1 Event Classification

Iclass 18.5 mA 18.5 18.5 18.5 17.0 20.0 P

ClassNum 2 2 2 — 0 4 P

Tclass 0.0005 s 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0050 P

ClassStability 1 1 1 P

Iclass_at_Vmin 18.6 mA 18.6 18.6 18.6 17.0 20.0 P

Iclass_at_Vmax 18.1 mA 18.1 18.1 18.1 17.0 20.0 P

2 Event Classification

Iclass_event1 18.5 mA 18.5 18.5 18.5 17.0 20.0 P

Iclass_event2 18.5 mA 18.5 18.5 18.5 17.0 20.0 P

MarkI 1.65 mA 1.65 1.65 1.65 0.25 4.00 INFO

ClassNum2 2 2 2 — 0 4 P

Tclass_event1 0.0005 s 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0050 P

Tclass_event2 0.0005 s 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0050 P

ClassStability_event1 1 1 1 P

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Si3406-Buck EVB: 3.3 V, Class 2 Configuration

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 15

ClassStability_event2 1 1 1 P

Power-Up / Down

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Limit High Limit P/F

InrushI_1 155.7 mA 155.7 155.7 155.7 0.0 400.0 P

InrushI_2 157.0 mA 157.0 157.0 157.0 0.0 400.0 P

Pmax_Tdelay 0.2 W 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 8.4 P

Inrush_delayed 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

Von 37.3 VDC 37.3 37.3 37.3 30.0 42.0 P

Voff 33.3 VDC 33.3 33.3 33.3 30.0 42.0 P

Vhyst 3.9 VDC 3.9 3.9 3.9 0.0 12.0 P

BackfeedV 0.1 VDC 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 2.8 P

ClassRecover 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

SigRecoverTime 0.0 s 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.0 P

MDI Powered Type-1 PSE Emulation On Time 10 s Off Time 10 s Vport 48.0

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Limit High Limit P/F

MinI_1 7.5 mA 7.5 7.5 7.5 0.0 174.2 P

MaxI_1 12.9 mA 12.9 12.9 12.9 10.0 174.2 P

Vport_1 47.9 VDC 47.9 47.9 47.9 37.0 57.0 INFO

Ppeak_1 0.62 W 0.62 0.62 0.62 0.0 8.4 P

Pavg_1 0.48 W 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.0 6.5 P

MPSViolation_1 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

TcutWindowViolation_1 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

DutyCycleViolation_1 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

MDI Powered

Type-2 PHY

PSE Emulation On Time 10 s Off Time 10 s Vport 54.0

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Limit High Limit P/F

MinI_2 2.5 mA 2.5 2.5 2.5 0.0 154.8 P

MaxI_2 16.3 mA 16.3 16.3 16.3 10.0 154.8 P

Vport_2 54.0 VDC 54.0 54.0 54.0 42.5 57.0 INFO

Ppeak_2 0.88 W 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.0 8.4 P

Pavg_2 0.52 W 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.0 6.5 P

MPSViolation_2 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

TcutWindowViolation_2 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

DutyCycleViolation_2 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

ALT B MDI-X

Detection and

Classification

PSE Emulation Pairs A Polarity MDI Det Cycles 3

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Limit High Limit P/F

Rdet 24.44 kΩ 24.44 24.44 24.44 23.70 26.30 P

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Si3406-Buck EVB: 3.3 V, Class 2 Configuration

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 16

Rdet_final 24.44 kΩ 24.44 24.44 24.44 23.70 26.30 P

Rdet_unpwr >99.00 kΩ 99.00 99.00 99.00 <12.00 >45.00 P

Rdet_at_Vmin 24.88 kΩ 24.88 24.88 24.88 23.70 26.30 P

Rdet_at_Vmax 24.62 kΩ 24.62 24.62 24.62 23.70 26.30 P

Rdet_Voffset 1.4 VDC 1.4 1.4 1.4 0.0 1.9 P

Cdet 0.10 µF 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.12 P

Cdet_final 0.10 µF 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.12 P

1 Event Classification

Iclass 18.5 mA 18.5 18.5 18.5 17.0 20.0 P

ClassNum 2 2 2 — 0 4 P

Tclass 0.0005 s 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0050 P

ClassStability 1 1 1 P

Iclass_at_Vmin 18.5 mA 18.5 18.5 18.5 17.0 20.0 P

Iclass_at_Vmax 18.2 mA 18.2 18.2 18.2 17.0 20.0 P

2 Event Classification

Iclass_event1 18.5 mA 18.5 18.5 18.5 17.0 20.0 P

Iclass_event2 18.5 mA 18.5 18.5 18.5 17.0 20.0 P

MarkI 1.65 mA 1.65 1.65 1.65 0.25 4.00 INFO

ClassNum2 2 2 2 - 0 4 P

Tclass_event1 0.0005 s 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0050 P

Tclass_event2 0.0005 s 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0050 P

ClassStability_event1 1 1 1 P

ClassStability_event2 1 1 1 P

Power-Up / Down

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Lim High Lim P/F

InrushI_1 155.5 mA 155.5 155.5 155.5 0.0 400.0 P

InrushI_2 156.9 mA 156.9 156.9 156.9 0.0 400.0 P

Pmax_Tdelay 0.2 W 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 8.4 P

Inrush_delayed 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

Von 37.6 VDC 37.6 37.6 37.6 30.0 42.0 P

Voff 33.6 VDC 33.6 33.6 33.6 30.0 42.0 P

Vhyst 4.0 VDC 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0 12.0 P

BackfeedV 0.1 VDC 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 2.8 P

ClassRecover 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

SigRecoverTime 0.0 s 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30.0 P

MDI Powered Type-1 PSE Emulation On Time 10 s Off Time 10 s Vport 48.0

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Limit High Limit P/F

MinI_1 7.5 mA 7.5 7.5 7.5 0.0 173.4 P

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Si3406-Buck EVB: 3.3 V, Class 2 Configuration

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 17

MaxI_1 13.0 mA 13.0 13.0 13.0 10.0 173.4 P

Vport_1 48.2 VDC 48.2 48.2 48.2 37.0 57.0 INFO

Ppeak_1 0.63 W 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.0 8.4 P

Pavg_1 0.48 W 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.0 6.5 P

MPSViolation_1 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

TcutWindowViolation_1 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

DutyCycleViolation_1 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

MDI Powered

Type-2 PHY

PSE Emulation On Time 10 s Off Time 10 s Vport 54.0

Parameter Cycle 1 Units Min Max Average Low Limit High Limit P/F

MinI_2 2.5 mA 2.5 2.5 2.5 0.0 154.2 P

MaxI_2 22.0 mA 22.0 22.0 22.0 10.0 154.2 P

Vport_2 54.3 VDC 54.3 54.3 54.3 42.5 57.0 INFO

Ppeak_2 1.19 W 1.19 1.19 1.19 0.0 8.4 P

Pavg_2 0.52 W 0.52 0.52 0.52 0.0 6.5 P

MPSViolation_2 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

TcutWindowViolation_2 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

DutyCycleViolation_2 0 0 0 — 0 0 P

4.5 Adjustable EVB Current Limit

For additional safety, the Si3406 has an adjustable EVB current limit feature.

The

Si3406 controller measures the voltage on the RSENSE resistor (R7) through the ISNS pin. Care must be taken that this voltage

goes below V

SS

. When the voltage on R7 is V

ISNS

= –270 mV (referenced to V

SS

), the internal current limit circuit restarts the PD to

protect the application.

The EVB current limit for this Class 2 application can be calculated with the following formula:

R

S

ENSE

= 1.2Ω

I

LIMIT

=

270mV

1.2Ω

= 225m

A

Equation 4.1. EVB Class 2 Current Limit

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Si3406-Buck EVB: 3.3 V, Class 2 Configuration

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 18

4.6 Feedback Loop Phase and Gain Measurement Results (Bode Plots)

The

Si3406 device integrates a current-mode-controlled switching mode power supply controller circuit. Therefore, the application is a

closed-loop system. To guarantee stable output voltage of the power supply and to reduce the influence of the input voltage variations

and load changes on the output voltage, the feedback loop should be stable.

To verify the stability of the loop, the gain and phase of the loop have been measured.

-180

-90

0

90

180

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100 1,000 10,000 100,000

Loop Phase (°)

Loop Gain (dB)

Frequency (Hz)

Cursor 1

Cursor 2

Gain Margin

Phase Margin

Figure 4.4. Si3406-Buck Non-Isolated EVB, 3.3 V, Class 2 PD Feedback Loop Measurement Results at Full Load

Table 4.3. Measured Loop Gain and Phase Margin

Frequency Gain Phase

Cursor 1 (Phase Margin) 8.75 kHz 0 dB 64.28 °

Cursor 2 (Gain Margin) 133.55 kHz –29.13 dB 0 °

4.7 Load Step Transient Measurement Results

The Si3406-Buck EVB board's output has been tested with a load step function to verify the converter's output dynamic response.

Load Step: from 0.14 A to 1.28 A Output Current:

ΔV

OUT

= 114.07 mV

Load Step, from 1.28 A to 0.14 A Output Current:

Δ

V

OUT

= 157.29 mV

I

OUT

V

OUT

CH1:

CH4:

Time:

1A/div

100us/div

200mV/div

I

OUT

V

OUT

CH1:

CH4:

Time:

1A/div

100us/div

200mV/div

Figure 4.5. Si3406-Buck Non-Isolated EVB, 3.3 V, Class 2 PD Output Load Step Transient Test

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Si3406-Buck EVB: 3.3 V, Class 2 Configuration

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 19

4.8 Output Voltage Ripple

The Si3406-Buck EVB output voltage ripple has been measured in both no-load and heavy-load conditions.

No-Load V

OUT

Ripple = 9.46 mV Heavy-Load V

OUT

Ripple = 4.25 mV

V

OUT

CH1:

Time:

1ms/div

2mV/div

V

OUT

CH1:

Time:

2us/div

2mV/div

Figure 4.6. Si3406-Buck Non-Isolated EVB, 3.3 V, Class 2 Output Voltage Ripple No-Load (Left) and Heavy-Load (Right) Con-

ditions

4.9 Soft-Start Protection

The

Si3406 device has an integrated dynamic soft-start protection mechanism to avoid stressing the components by the sudden current

or voltage changes associated with the initial charging of the output capacitors.

The Si3406 intelligent adaptive soft-start mechanism does not require any external component to install. The controller continuously

measures the input current of the PD and dynamically adjusts the internal I

PEAK

limit during soft-start, that way adjusting the output

voltage ramping up time in a function of the attached load.

The controller lets the output voltage to rise faster in no load (or light load) condition. With heavy load at the output, the controller slows

down the output voltage ramp to avoid exceeding the desired regulated output voltage value.

No-Load Soft-Start:

t

RISE

= 5.53 ms

Heavy-Load Soft-Start:

t

RISE

= 82.80 ms

V

OUT

CH1:

Time:

10ms/div

1V/div

V

OUT

CH4: 50mA/div

I

IN

CH1:

Time:

40ms/div

1V/div

CH4: 50mA/div

I

IN

Figure 4.7. Si3406-Buck Non-Isolated EVB, 3.3 V, Class 2 Output Voltage Soft-Start at Low Load (Left) and Heavy Load

(Right) Conditions

UG442: Non-Isolated Buck Evaluation Board for the Si3406

Si3406-Buck EVB: 3.3 V, Class 2 Configuration

silabs.com | Building a more connected world. Rev. 0.1 | 20

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Silicon Labs UG442 User guide

Silicon Labs UG442 User guide

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