PC-Cooling GmbH | Eichenallee 3 | D-24589 Nortorf | Fon: +49 (0) 4392 91 61 65 | Fax: +49 (0) 4392 9161 14
Technical Informaon
Anfreeze and Ancorrosion Concentrate for Heang and Cooling Circuits.
Medium for Ground Source Heat Pump Systems
Characteriscs of CoolForce 1 Concentrate
Appearance lear, colourless liquid
Boiling point > 165 °C ASTMD 1120
Pour point < -15 °C DIN ISO 3016
Density (20 °C) 1.120–1.125 g/cm DIN 51757
Viscosity (20 °C) 24–28 mm
2
/s DIN 51562
Refracon nD20 1.432–1.434 DIN 51423
pH value (20 °C)
- concentrate 8.0–8.5 ASTMD 1287
- 33 vol. % 7.5–8.5 ASTM 1287
Water content max. 4 % DIN 51777
Flash poin > 100 ° DIN 51758
Reserve alkalinity > 10 ml 0.1 m HCl ASTMD 1121
The above data represent average values that were valid when
this Technical Informaon Bullen went into print. They do not
have the status of a product specicaon. Specied values are
the subject of a special leaet.
Properes
CoolForce 1 is a clear, colourless, and virtually odourless liquid
based on ethylene glycol. The product is used as anfreeze /
corrosion protecon uid and heat-transfer medium for hea-
ng, air condioning and cooling circuits, as well as brine for
heat pump systems.
CoolForce 1 is miscible with water in all proporons. CoolForce 1 /
water mixtures protect against frost at temperatures down to
-50 °C, depending on their concentraon, and lengthen the life
of the installaons that they protect. Water hardness constu-
ents do not aect the performance of the product, and do not
lead to precipitaons from the heat-transfer uid. Mixtures of
CoolForce 1 and water do not separate.
The corrosion inhibitors of CoolForce 1 reliably protect the
metals normally used in heang and cooling systems against
corrosion, ageing and deposits over long periods even in
mixed installaons. CoolForce 1 neither contains borax nor
nitrites, phosphates, nor amines.
CoolForce 1 posseses excellent stability at high temperatures
and prevents the formaon of harmful deposits on hot metal
surfaces (at temperatures of up to 200 °C) at wa densies as
high as about 40W/cm
2
. It thus helps to avoid overheang
at heat-transfer surfaces and the formaon of deposits in the
circuit, and thus ensures consistently high thermal eciency
of the system.
Miscibility
CoolForce 1 is miscible with all commercial anfreezes based
on ethylene glycol. If mixing of CoolForce 1 with other pro-
ducts is intended, we recommend, however, to contact our
department of applicaon technique beforehand.
Applicaon
CoolForce 1 is added to water (potable water quality, with a
maximum chloride content of 100 mg/kg, or demineralised
water) in concentraons of at least 20 percent by volume. The
protecon against frost deteriorates if the content of Cool-
Force 1 exceeds 58 percent by volume.
Temperature stability
Sustained temperatures higher than 140 °C cause premature
ageing of the heat-transfer uid, but brief exposure to tem-
peratures higher than 140 up to 200 °C can be tolerated if
the liquid is subsequently cooled. At temperatures above 200
°C, the heat-transfer uid commences to undergo chemical
change, with the result that the dependability of the installa-
on may be endangered. A blanket of nitrogen is recommended
to lengthen the life of the heat-transfer uid if the sustained
operang temperature is higher than 110 °C.
Ancorrosion Eect
The following table demonstrates the ancorrosion eect of
a 33 vol. % CoolForce 1 / water mixture aer a 14 days test at
88 °C under permanent aeraon. Corrosiontest accordingly AS-
TMD 1384 (American Society for Tesng and Materials).
1
PC-Cooling GmbH | Eichenallee 3 | D-24589 Nortorf | Fon: +49 (0) 4392 91 61 65 | Fax: +49 (0) 4392 9161 14
Material Average change of weight
Copper (SF Cu) – 0.1 g/m
2
So solder (L Sn 30) – 0.1 g/m
2
Brass (MS 63) ± 0.0 g/m
2
Steel (HI) ± 0.0 g/m
2
Cast Iron (GG) ± 0.0 g/m
2
Cast Aluminium (G-AlSi6Cu4) – 0.4 g/m
2
The outstanding ancorrosion properes of mixtures of
CoolForce 1 and water have also been demonstrated in
high-temperature corrosion tests on cast iron GG 25 and cast
aluminium G-AlSi10Mg subjected to the ow and heat-transfer
condions relang to wa densies up to 40 W/cm
2
.
In order to maintain eecve protecon from corrosion, the
concentraon of CoolForce 1 must not be allowed to fall
below 20 percent by volume. This content corresponds to a
freezing point of -9 °C. Concentraons lower than 20 percent
by volume are insucient and increase the risk of corrosion.
If CoolForce 1 is run to exisng installaons in which only
water has previously been circulated, it should be noted that
the rust in these systems greatly increases the eecve area of
contact with the heat-transfer uid.
It thus binds the corrosion inhibitors contained in CoolForce 1,
with the consequence that their eecve concentraon may
be reduced to such an extent that the protecon against
corrosion is impaired. For this reason, the rust in these instal-
laons should be ushed out to the utmost extent before the
lling. In parcularly severe cases, pickling with subsequent
neutralisaon of the acid is recommended.
Aer they have been emped, installaons that have been
run temporarily with CoolForce 1must be thoroughly ushed
several mes to ensure that all residual traces of the product
are removed, because any product residues may give rise to
increased corrosion.
Compability with Sealing Materials CoolForce 1 / water
mixtures do not aack the sealings that are nor mally used in
heang and cooling systems. The following table of sealants,
elastomers and plascs that are resistant to CoolForce 1 /
water mixtures has been compiled from experimental results,
experience, and from literature data:
Butyl rubber IIR
Chloroprene CR
Ethylene-propylene-diene-rubber EPDM
Fluorocarbon elastomers FPM
Natural rubber below 80 °C NR
Nitrile rubber NBR
Polyacetal POM
Polyamides below 115 °C PA
Polybutene PB
Polyethylene, so, hard PE-LD/HD
Polyethylene, crosslinked PE-X
Polypropylene PP
Polytetrauorethylene PTFE
Polyvinylchloride, rigid PVC h
Silicone rubber Si
Styrene butadiene rubber below 100 °C SBR
Unsaturated polyester resins UP
Phenolic and urea resins, plascized PVC, and polyurethane
elastomers are not resistant.
An important point to note is that the performance of elasto-
mers is not only governed by the properes of the rubber
itself, e.g. EPDM, but also by the nature and amount of the
constuent addives and the vulcanisaon condions. For this
reason, it is recommended that their resistance to CoolForce 1
/ water mixtures is checked by performance tests before these
elastomers are taken into use for the rst me. This applies in
parcular to elastomers intended as membranes for expansi-
on vessels as described in DIN EN 12828 and DIN 4807 Part 2,
respecvely.
The low surface tension of CoolForce 1 / water mixtures in
some cases may be the reason for leakage if the sealing strips
have been produced from polytetrauoroethylene (PTFE).
Likewise, the addion of CoolForce 1 in heang systems may
allow latent leaks to be detected, because the resulng Cool-
Force 1 / water mixture possesses higher weng power than
neat water.
If the leakage cannot be prevented by ghtening the connec-
ons, the system must be drained. The sealings must then be
replaced, and the connecon must be rechecked to ensure
that there is no leakage.
It is important that all connecons with renewed sealings are
reghtened aer the system has been restarted and brought
to the maximum operang temperature.
The procedure for lling in stallaons with forced circulaon
is to run in about two-thirds of the requisite amount of water
rst of all. CoolForce 1 should then be added and the system
topped up with the remainder of the water. The uids become
completely mixed aer the circulaon pump has been run
for several hours. CoolForce 1 and water must be completely
mixed together before they are lled into systems with natural
circulaon.
Applicaon Guidelines
In view of the specic properes of CoolForce 1 , the following
instrucons must be observed to ensure long-term protecon
for the installaons.
1.
Installaons must be designed as closed circuits, as otherwise
the contact with atmospheric oxygen will accelerate the cons
umpon of inhibitors.
2.
Flexible-membrane expansion tanks must con-form to DIN EN
12828 and DIN 4807 Part 2, resp.
3.
Silver or copper brazing solders are preferably to be used on
joints. Fluxes used in combinaon with so solder usually
contain chlorides. Their residues must be removed from the
system by thorough ushing. Otherwise, an increased content
of chlorides in the heat-transfer uid may lead for example to
ping corrosion on stainless steel.
2
PC-Cooling GmbH | Eichenallee 3 | D-24589 Nortorf | Fon: +49 (0) 4392 91 61 65 | Fax: +49 (0) 4392 9161 14
4.
The systems must not be equipped with internally galvanised
heat exchangers, tanks or pipes, because zinc can be detached
by ethylene glycol / water mixtures.
5.
It must be ensured that no external voltages are applied bet-
ween parts of the system that come into contact with Cool-
Force 1 / water mixture, as otherwise corrosion may occur.
6.
The layout of the piping must ensure that the circulaon of
the heat-transfer uid will not be disturbed by gas pockets or
deposits.
7.
The uid level must never be allowed to fall below the highest
point in the system. A closed vessel ed with a bleed valve
must be provided at the highest point in the circuit in order to
bleed gases from the system.
8.
If automac bleed valvesare used, they must not allow subse-
quent sucon of air into the system.
9.
Dirt and water must not be allowed to enter the installaon or
its components during assembly and before lling. Aer the
assembly has been completed, the system should be ushed
to remove e.g. swarf, uxes, assembly aids and any other
impuries. Following to the ushing process and the leak
test, the circuit should be completely drained and then lled
immediately with the CoolForce 1 /water mixture, even if the
plant is put into operaon at a later date, in order to protect
the circuit from corrosion.
10.
It must be ensured that no air pockets remain In the circuit af-
ter it has been lled. It is essenal to eliminate any exisng gas
pockets, because their collapse following a temperature drop
would give rise to a vacuum and thus cause air to be sucked
into thesystem. Insucient deaeraon furthermore aects the
heat transfer eciency of the system.
11.
In-circuit lter elements must be cleaned within 14 days at
the latest aer the system was put into operaon, in order to
ensure that no obstrucon to the uid ow may occur due to
deposits in any part of the installaon.
12.
The concentraon of CoolForce 1 / water mixtures can be
checked by measuring the uid density with a hydrometer or
an anfreeze tester suitable for ethylene glycol / water mix-
tures. An equally convenient and accurate way to determine
the content of CoolForce 1 is to measure the refracve index
by a hand-held refractometer. The following table displays a
summary of the freezing points, densies and the refracve
indices of CoolForce 1 / water mixtures.
CoolForce1
Concentrate
Freezing
Point
Density
at 20 °C
Refracve
Index nD20
20 vol. % -9.0 °C 1029 kg/m
3
1.3545
25 vol. % -12.3 °C 1037 kg/m
3
1.3599
30 vol. % -16.1 °C 1044 kg/m
3
1.3653
35 vol. % -20.4 °C 1052 kg/m
3
1.3707
40 vol. % -25.2 °C 1059 kg/m
3
1.3762
45 vol. % -30.8 °C 1066 kg/m
3
1.3816
50 vol. % -37.6 °C 1073 kg/m
3
1.3868
55 vol. % -45.4 °C 1079 kg/m
3
1.3918
58 vol. % -51.0 °C 1082 kg/m
3
1.3947
13.
If losses occur due to evaporaon, the system can be topped
up with neutral potable or demineralised water. Fluid losses
caused by leakage or removal from the system must be repla-
ced by a mixture of CoolForce 1 Concentrate and potable or
demineralised water of equal content. In cases of doubt, the
content of CoolForce 1 must be determined via measurement
of density or refracve index as described in secon 13.
Storage Stability
CoolForce 1 has a shelf life of at least three years in airght
containers. It must not be stored in galvanised containers.
Delivery Form and Packaging
CoolForce 1 is available as a concentrate or ready-to-use accor-
ding to customer’s specicaon. It is supplied in road tankers,
in 1000 litre IBCs, in 200 litre drums, and in 60, 30, 20 and 10
litre nonreturnable plasc cans.
Disposal
Spills of CoolForce 1 must be taken up with an absorbent
binder and disposed of in accordance with the regulaons. For
further informaon, please refer to the Safety Data Sheet.
Ecology
CoolForce 1 is classied in water hazard class 1, (low-rate
endangering, Germany) according to german water hazard re-
gulaons (Verwaltungsvorschri für wassergefährdende Stoe
of May 17, 1999). The product is readily biodegradable.
Safety
CoolForce 1 shall notbe used for installaons, where penetra-
on of the heat-transfer uid into food processing or drinking
water applicaons cannot be completely excluded.
Handling
The usual safety and industrial hygiene measures relang to
chemicals must be observed in handling CoolForce 1.
The informaon and instrucons given in our Safety Data
Sheet must be strictly observed.
3
PC-Cooling GmbH | Eichenallee 3 | D-24589 Nortorf | Fon: +49 (0) 4392 91 61 65 | Fax: +49 (0) 4392 9161 14
Density of CoolForce 1 / water mixtures [kg/m
3
]
as a funcon of temperature and concentraon
Specic heat capacity of CoolForce 1 / water mixtures [kJ/kg·K]
as a funcon of temperature and concentraon
4
PC-Cooling GmbH | Eichenallee 3 | D-24589 Nortorf | Fon: +49 (0) 4392 91 61 65 | Fax: +49 (0) 4392 9161 14
Thermal conducvity of CoolForce 1 / water mixtures [W/m·K]
as a funcon of temperature and concentraon
Kinemac viscosity of CoolForce 1 / water mixtures [mm
2
/s]
as a funcon of temperature and concentraon
5
PC-Cooling GmbH | Eichenallee 3 | D-24589 Nortorf | Fon: +49 (0) 4392 91 61 65 | Fax: +49 (0) 4392 9161 14
Prandtl numbers of CoolForce 1 / water mixtures
as a funcon of temperature and concentraon
Vapour pressure of CoolForce 1 / water mixtures [bar]
as a funcon of temperature and concentraon
6
PC-Cooling GmbH | Eichenallee 3 | D-24589 Nortorf | Fon: +49 (0) 4392 91 61 65 | Fax: +49 (0) 4392 9161 14
Cubic expansion coecient of CoolForce 1 / water mixtures [Ɣ10-5/K]
as a funcon of temperature and concentraon
Example for calculang the volume expansion:
What would be the increase in volume (in litres) if V
0
= 80 litres of a 30 % vol. CoolForce 1 / water mixture will be heated from
t
0
= -10 °C to t
1
= +90 °C ?
ǻt = t
1
- t
0
= +90 - (-10) = 100 °C, t
average
= t0 +ǻt/2 = -10 + 100/2 = +40 °C
ß
average
(from table for 30 % vol.) = 50 · 10
-5
ǻV = ß
average
· ǻt · V0 = 50 · 10
-5
· 100 · 80 = 4.0 litres increase in volume.
Relave pressure drop factor of CoolForce 1 / water mixtures
in comparison with water at 10 °C, turbulent pipe ow (approximate values)
7
PC-Cooling GmbH | Eichenallee 3 | D-24589 Nortorf | Fon: +49 (0) 4392 91 61 65 | Fax: +49 (0) 4392 9161 14
Anfreeze eect of CoolForce 1 / water mixtures
The freezing point, colloquially called ‘anfreeze’, is a measure for the freezing point depression eect of anfreeze uids. When
a given CoolForce 1 / water mixture is cooled down, the freezing point is the temperature at which inial ice crystals
begin to form.The resulng ice slurry does not possess any expansive force. Further reducon intemperature causes
further thickening of the ice slurry unl it solidies at the pour point. Only below this temperature, there is danger of
bursng for the installaon. The arithmec mean from freezing point and pour point is referred to as frost protecon
.
The following table displays the freezing points, frost protecon and pour points of CoolForce 1 / water mixtures as a funcon of
the concentraon:
CoolForce1
Concentrate
Freezing Point
(acc. ASTM D 1177)
Frost protecon
(calculated)
Pour point
(acc. DIN 51583)
20 vol. % -9.0 °C -11.0 °C -13.0 °C
25 vol. % -12.3 °C -14.8 °C -17.3 °C
30 vol. % -16.1 °C -19.1 °C -22.0 °C
35 vol. % -20.4 °C -23.7 °C -26.9 °C
40 vol. % -25.2 °C -28.6 °C -32.0 °C
45 vol. % -30.8 °C -33.4 °C -37.2 °C
50 vol. % -37.6 °C -40.7 °C -45.2 °C
55 vol. % -45.4 °C < -50 °C < -50 °C
58 vol. % -51.0 °C < -50 °C < -50 °C
Note
The informaon submied in this publicaon is based on our current knowledge and experience. In view of the many factors
that may aect processing and applicaon these data do not relieveprocessors of the responsibility of carrying out
their own tests and experiments, neither do they imply any legally binding assurance of certain properes or of
suitability for a specic purpose. It is the responsibility ohose to whom we supply our products to ensure that any
proprietary rights and exisng laws and legislaons are observed.
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