Cisco ONS 15454 Series Multiservice Provisioning Platforms User guide

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Cisco ONS 15454 Engineering Planning

Guide

R5.0

November 2009

Text Part Number: OL-7510-01

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Cisco ONS 15454 Enginnering Planning Guide

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CONTENTS

About this Guide xli

Revision History xli

Purpose of Reissue xlii

Document Objectives xlii

Audience xlii

Document Organization xliii

Document Conventions xliv

Obtaining Optical Networking Information l

Where to Find Safety and Warning Information l

Cisco Optical Networking Product Documentation CD-ROM l

Obtaining Documentation and Submitting a Service Request l

CHAPTER

1System Overview 1-1

Introduction to the ONS 15454 1-1

ONS 15454 Shelf Assemblies and Backplane Hardware 1-2

Electrical Interface Assemblies 1-4

Alarm Expansion Panel 1-4

Cable Routing and Management 1-5

ONS 15454 Plug-in Cards and Slot Requirements 1-6

ONS 15454 Common Control Cards 1-7

ONS 15454 Interface Cards 1-7

ONS 15454 GBIC and SFP Connectors 1-11

ONS 15454 Network Management 1-11

SNMP Traps 1-11

ONS 15454 Connection Methods 1-12

Cisco Transport Controller 1-13

CTC Software Delivery Method 1-13

CTC Software Upgrade 1-13

CTC Software Revert 1-15

CTC Operations 1-15

Computer Requirements 1-16

CTC Windows 1-17

Node View 1-18

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CTC Card Colors 1-18

Node View Card Shortcuts 1-20

Node View Tabs 1-20

Network View 1-21

Card View 1-22

Card Reset 1-24

Network Configurations 1-25

New Features in Release 5.0.x 1-25

End of Life 1-26

CHAPTER

2SONET Transport 2-1

Rates and Formats 2-2

STS Concatenation 2-2

Concatenated STS Time Slot Assignments 2-2

VT Structure 2-4

M13 Multiplexing 2-6

Portless Transmux Function 2-7

Overhead Mapping 2-7

Data Communications Channel (DCC) Operations 2-10

DCC Tunneling 2-11

Traditional DCC Tunnels 2-11

IP-Encapsulated Tunnels 2-12

K1 and K2 Byte Switching 2-13

K3 Byte Remapping 2-14

J1 and J2 Path Trace 2-15

Path Signal Label, C2 Byte 2-16

Payload Mapping 2-17

Cross-Connects 2-25

XC Cross-Connect Card 2-25

XCVT Cross-Connect Card 2-27

XC-10G Cross-Connect Card 2-28

I/O Interfaces Cross-Connect Capabilities 2-28

VT1.5 Cross-Connects 2-29

VT Tunnels 2-32

VT Mapping 2-34

VT Aggregation Point (VAP) 2-35

Circuits 2-36

Circuit Properties 2-37

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Circuit Status 2-38

Circuit States 2-39

Circuit Protection Types 2-41

Circuit Information in the CTC Edit Circuit Window 2-42

VCAT Circuits 2-45

VCAT Circuit Size 2-45

VCAT Member Routing 2-46

LCAS 2-47

Portless Transmux Circuits 2-48

Multiple Destinations for Unidirectional Circuits 2-49

Monitor Circuits 2-50

Test Access 2-50

Path Protection Circuits 2-52

Open-Ended Path Protection Circuits 2-53

Go-and-Return Path Protection Routing 2-53

BLSR Protection Channel Access Circuits 2-54

Automatic Circuit Routing 2-54

Bandwidth Allocation and Routing 2-55

Secondary Sources and Destination 2-55

Manual Circuit Routing 2-56

TL1-Like Circuits 2-57

Merge Circuits 2-57

Reconfigure Circuits 2-58

TL1-CTC Circuit Unification 2-58

Synchronization and Timing 2-59

Network Clock Sources 2-59

Building Integrated Timing Supply (BITS) 2-60

Cesium Clock 2-60

Global Positioning System (GPS) 2-60

Synchronous Status Messaging (SSM) 2-60

Protection Switching 2-60

Path Protection Switching 2-61

Line Protection Switching 2-62

Automatic Protection Switching 2-63

1+1 Protection Switching 2-63

Optimized 1+1 Protection 2-65

External Switching Commands 2-66

Dual-Ring Interconnect—Path Protection 2-66

Dual Ring Interconnect—BLSR 2-69

Protection Switch Initiation Time 2-72

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Protection Switch Completion Time 2-73

Node Latency 2-73

Network Topologies 2-73

Terminal Mode 2-73

Linear Add/Drop Multiplexer Network 2-74

Path Protection 2-75

Common Path Protection Application 2-79

Two-Fiber Bidirectional Path Switched Ring 2-82

Four-Fiber BLSR 2-85

Four-Fiber Span and Ring Switching 2-86

BLSR Fiber Connections 2-88

Subtending Rings 2-90

Path-Protected Meshed Networks 2-93

Inservice Topology Conversions 2-95

Unprotected Point-to-Point or Linear ADM to Path Protection 2-95

Point-to-Point or Linear ADM to Two-Fiber BLSR 2-96

Path Protection to Two-Fiber BLSR 2-96

Two-Fiber BLSR to Four-Fiber BLSR 2-97

Add or Remove a Node from a Topology 2-97

SONET Span Upgrades 2-97

Span Upgrade Wizard 2-99

Manual Span Upgrades 2-99

CHAPTER

3SDH Transport Over SONET 3-1

Provisioning OC-N Ports for SDH 3-1

SDH to SONET Mapping 3-2

Synchronization 3-4

Protection 3-4

Alarm Reporting 3-4

SDH Over SONET Applications 3-5

STM-N Handoffs 3-5

SDH Aggregation 3-6

Hybrid Au3 SDH Aggregation 3-6

SDH Hairpinning 3-7

Managing Third-Party Network Equipment 3-7

CHAPTER

4DWDM 4-1

Design Guidelines 4-1

MSPP DWDM Applications 4-2

Contents

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MSTP Applications 4-2

Available Channels/Wavelength Frequencies 4-3

Adding Channels/Wavelengths 4-4

Channel Bit Rate and Modulation 4-6

Wavelength Management 4-6

Multi-Channel Frequency Stabilization 4-7

Channel Performance 4-7

Channel Dispersion 4-7

Power Launched 4-8

Optical Amplification 4-8

Fiber Types 4-11

Optical Power Budget 4-12

Metro DWDM Design Example 4-12

DWDM Card Reference 4-23

DWDM Cards 4-23

Multiplexer, Demultiplexer, and OADM Card Interface Classes 4-34

DWDM Node Configurations 4-37

Hub Node 4-37

Terminal Node 4-39

OADM Node 4-40

ROADM Node 4-44

Anti-ASE Node 4-46

Line Amplifier Node 4-47

OSC Regeneration Node 4-48

DWDM and TDM Hybrid Node Configurations 4-49

1+1 Protected Flexible Terminal Node 4-50

Scalable Terminal Node 4-53

Hybrid Terminal Node 4-56

Hybrid OADM Node 4-58

Hybrid Line Amplifier Node 4-58

Amplified TDM Node 4-60

DWDM Topologies 4-63

Hubbed Rings 4-63

Multi-hubbed Rings 4-64

Any-to-Any Rings 4-65

Meshed Rings 4-66

Linear Configurations 4-66

Single-Span Link 4-67

Hybrid Networks 4-68

Contents

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DWDM Network Topology Discovery 4-71

Optical Performance 4-72

Optical Performance for Linear Networks Without OADM Nodes 4-74

Optical Performance for ROADM Rings and Linear Networks 4-77

Optical Performance for Single-Span Networks 4-80

Automatic Power Control 4-81

APC at the Amplifier 4-82

APC at the Node 4-82

Managing APC 4-84

ROADM Power Equalization Monitoring 4-86

Span Loss Verification 4-86

Automatic Node Setup 4-87

Automatic Node Setup Parameters 4-90

Viewing and Provisioning ANS Parameters 4-91

CHAPTER

5Ethernet Features and Functions 5-1

E-Series Overview 5-1

E-Series Single-card EtherSwitch 5-3

E-Series Multicard EtherSwitch Group 5-4

E-Series Port-Mapped (Linear Mapper) 5-4

E-Series Circuit Configurations 5-6

E-Series Point-to-Point Ethernet Circuits 5-6

E-Series Shared Packet Ring Ethernet Circuits 5-7

E-Series Hub-and-Spoke Ethernet Circuits 5-8

E-Series Ethernet Manual Cross-Connects 5-8

Available Circuit Sizes For E-Series Modes 5-9

Total Bandwidth Available For E-Series Modes 5-9

E-Series Circuit Protection 5-9

E-Series Frame Processing 5-10

E-Series Frame Length 5-11

E-Series Buffer Size 5-11

IEEE 802.3z Flow Control 5-11

EtherChannel 5-12

E-Series Rate-Limiting 5-12

E-Series Latency 5-12

E-Series VLAN Support 5-13

E-Series Q-Tagging (IEEE 802.1Q) 5-14

E-Series Priority Queuing (IEEE 802.1Q) 5-15

E-Series Spanning Tree (IEEE 802.1D) 5-16

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E-Series Multi-Instance Spanning Tree and VLANs 5-19

Spanning Tree on a Circuit-by-Circuit Basis 5-19

E-Series Spanning Tree Parameters 5-19

E-Series Utilization Formula 5-20

MAC Forwarding Table 5-20

Hash Table 5-21

G-Series Overview 5-21

G-Series Ethernet Example 5-22

IEEE 802.3z Flow Control and Frame Buffering 5-22

Ethernet Link Integrity Support 5-23

Gigabit EtherChannel/IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation 5-24

G-Series Gigabit Ethernet Transponder Mode 5-25

Two-Port Bidirectional Transponder 5-27

One-Port Bidirectional Transponder 5-27

Two-Port Unidirectional Transponder 5-28

Enhanced State Model for Gigabit Ethernet Ports 5-30

G-Series Ethernet Circuit Configurations 5-30

Point-to-Point Ethernet Circuits 5-31

Manual Cross-Connects 5-31

J1 Path Trace Support 5-32

Utilization Formula 5-32

CE-100T-8 Overview 5-32

CE-100T-8 Ethernet Features 5-33

Autonegotiation, Flow Control, and Frame Buffering 5-33

Ethernet Link Integrity Support 5-34

IEEE 802.1Q CoS and IP ToS Queuing 5-35

RMON and SNMP Support 5-36

CE-100T-8 SONET Circuits and Features 5-37

CE-100T-8 Pools and STS/VT Allocation Tab 5-39

CE-100T-8 VCAT Characteristics 5-40

CE-100T-8 POS Encapsulation, Framing, and CRC 5-40

CE-100T-8 Loopback and J1 Path Trace Support 5-41

ML-Series Overview 5-41

Console Port and adaptor cable 5-42

ML-Series Features List 5-43

SONET Port Encapsulation 5-46

Link Aggregation (FEC, GEC, and POS) 5-46

SONET Circuits 5-47

VPN Routing/Forwarding (VRF) Lite 5-48

Contents

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Cisco IOS 5-49

GFP-F Framing 5-49

Interface Configuration 5-49

Packet Over SONET (POS) 5-49

Bridging 5-50

Spanning Tree Support 5-51

IEEE 802.1T Spanning Tree Extensions 5-51

Creating the Spanning Tree Topology 5-51

Spanning Tree Interface States 5-52

Spanning Tree Address Management 5-53

STP and IEEE 802.1Q Trunks 5-53

Spanning Tree and Redundant Connectivity 5-53

Accelerated Aging to Retain Connectivity 5-53

Rapid Spanning Tree (RSTP) Support 5-54

Rapid Convergence 5-54

Synchronization of Port Roles 5-54

Bridge Protocol Data Unit Format and Processing 5-55

Processing Superior BPDU Information 5-55

Processing Inferior BPDU Information 5-56

Topology Changes 5-56

Interoperability with IEEE 802.1D STP 5-56

VLAN Support 5-57

IEEE 802.1Q VLAN Encapsulation 5-57

IEEE 802.1Q and Layer 2 Protocol Tunneling 5-58

ML-Series QoS 5-61

Understanding CoS-based Packet Statistics (Software Release 4.6 and Later) 5-61

Classification 5-62

Policing 5-62

Marking and Discarding 5-63

Queuing 5-63

Scheduling 5-64

Multicast QoS 5-65

Control Packets and L2 Tunneled Protocols 5-66

Priority Marking 5-66

QinQ Implementation 5-66

Flow Control Pause and QoS 5-67

QoS on RPR 5-67

Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) 5-68

Packet Handling Operations 5-68

Ring Wrapping 5-69

Contents

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Dual RPR Interconnect 5-70

Understanding EoMPLS 5-71

EoMPLS Support 5-73

EoMPLS Restrictions 5-73

EoMPLS Quality of Service 5-73

EoMPLS Configuration Guidelines 5-74

RMON 5-74

SNMP 5-75

CHAPTER

6Technical Specifications 6-1

ONS 15454 Specifications 6-1

ONS 15454 Configurations 6-2

Physical Specifications 6-2

Environmental Specifications 6-3

Power Specifications 6-5

Bandwidth Capacity 6-5

Database Storage 6-5

Synchronization 6-5

BITS Interface 6-6

Operations Interface 6-6

Computer Requirements 6-6

Shelf Assemblies 6-8

Shelf Assembly Overview 6-9

Slot Assignments 6-10

Shelf Assembly Front Doors 6-12

Fan Tray Assembly 6-16

Backplane 6-19

Alarm Interface Panel 6-21

Alarm Interface Panel Replacement 6-22

Alarm Contacts 6-22

Alarm Expansion Panel 6-24

Electrical Interface Assemblies 6-24

EIA Configurations 6-25

Low-Density BNC EIA 6-26

High-Density BNC EIA 6-27

BNC Insertion and Removal Tool 6-28

MiniBNC EIA 6-29

Mini BNC Insertion and Removal Tool 6-29

SMB EIA 6-30

Contents

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AMP Champ EIA 6-31

UBIC-V EIA 6-32

UBIC-H EIA 6-34

Plug-in Cards 6-35

Card Replacement 6-36

Card Descriptions 6-36

LED Indicators 6-57

TCC+, TCC2, and TCC2P Cards 6-57

Card-Level Indicators 6-57

Network-Level Indicators 6-58

XC, XCVT, and XC10G Cards 6-58

Electrical, Optical, and DWDM Cards 6-58

Ethernet Cards 6-59

Card Port and Connector Information 6-60

Card Compatibility 6-63

GBIC and SFP Connectors 6-66

GBIC and SFP Card Compatibility 6-67

DWDM and CWDM GBICs 6-68

Network Element Defaults and Performance Monitoring Thresholds 6-69

Remote Monitoring Specification Alarm Thresholds 6-114

CHAPTER

7System Planning and Engineering 7-1

Shelf Configurations 7-1

MSPP Configurations 7-2

Point-to-Point Nodes 7-2

Linear ADM Nodes 7-3

Path Protection Nodes 7-3

Path Protection Fiber Connections 7-4

Two-Fiber BLSR Nodes 7-5

Fiber Connections for Two-Fiber BLSR Nodes 7-6

Four-Fiber BLSR Nodes 7-7

Fiber Connections to a Four-Fiber BLSR Node 7-8

Subtended Rings 7-9

MSTP Configurations 7-11

Hybrid Configuration 7-13

Shelf Assembly Configuration Rules 7-13

Shelf Assemblies 7-15

Fan-Tray Assemblies 7-16

Air Filter 7-17

Contents

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Card Slot Assignments 7-17

Common-Control Cards 7-19

Timing Control Cards (TCCs) 7-20

Cross-connect Cards (XCs) 7-22

Card and Hardware Compatibility 7-23

Filler Card 7-27

Electrical Interface Adapters (EIAs) 7-27

Shelf Installation 7-30

Typical Bay Installation 7-31

Mounting a Single Shelf 7-32

Mounting Multiple Shelves 7-33

OSP Cabinet Installations 7-33

Power and Grounding 7-34

Power Supplies 7-35

Power Feeds 7-35

Power Monitoring 7-37

Ground Connections 7-37

Alarm and Control Connections 7-39

Alarm Pins 7-40

Alarm Expansion Panel 7-42

Timing Connections 7-46

Operations Systems (OSS) LAN Connections 7-47

TL1 Craft Interface 7-48

Cabling 7-49

Cable Routing and Management Overview 7-52

Managing Fiber Optic Cables 7-53

Managing Ethernet Cables 7-56

Managing Coaxial Cables 7-59

Managing Twisted-Pair Cables 7-65

Managing AMP Champ Cables 7-66

Managing UBIC Cables 7-68

DS-1 Cables 7-70

DS-3/EC-1 Cables 7-70

DSX Wiring Verification Kits 7-72

Electrical Cable Management Using the Optional Tie-Down Bar 7-73

Standoffs and Rear Plastic Cover 7-74

Synchronization 7-75

Timing Guidelines 7-76

Timing and Synchronization Features 7-76

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External BITS Timing 7-78

Line Timing 7-78

Mixed Mode Timing 7-79

Free-running Mode 7-80

Holdover Mode 7-81

BITS Out 7-81

Synchronization Status Messaging 7-82

Setting Quality of RES 7-83

Using the ONS 15454 Without SSM 7-84

Network Synchronization Design 7-84

Number of Line Timed Spans (Daisy-chained) 7-85

2R and 3R DWDM Spans 7-85

Network Timing Example 7-85

Synchronization Failure Switching 7-86

Synchronization Switching Example 7-87

Synchronization Switching Time 7-91

Card Protection Configurations 7-91

OC-N Card Protection 7-91

1+1 Protection 7-92

Optimized 1+1 Protection 7-92

Electrical Card Protection 7-93

1:1 Protection 7-94

1:N Protection 7-95

1:N Protection Guidelines 7-96

Revertive Switching 7-98

Unprotected Cards 7-98

External Switching Commands 7-100

Transponder and Muxponder Card Protection 7-100

Y-Cable Protection 7-100

Splitter Protection 7-101

Ethernet Protection 7-102

Spanning Tree 7-102

Spanning Tree Parameters 7-102

Rapid Spanning Tree 7-103

SONET Protection for Ethernet Circuits 7-104

In-Service Low-Density to High-Density Upgrades 7-104

Upgrade Low-Density Electrical Cards to High-Density Electrical Cards 7-104

1:N Protection Groups 7-105

1:1 Protection Groups 7-105

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GBICs and SFPs 7-105

CHAPTER

8IP Networking 8-1

IP Networking Overview 8-1

IP Addressing Scenarios 8-2

Scenario 1: CTC and ONS 15454 Nodes on the Same Subnet 8-2

Scenario 2: CTC and ONS 15454 Nodes Connected to a Router 8-3

Scenario 3: Using Proxy ARP to Enable an ONS 15454 Gateway 8-4

Scenario 4: Default Gateway on the CTC Computer 8-6

Scenario 5: Using Static Routes to Connect to LANs 8-7

Scenario 6: Using OSPF 8-9

Scenario 7: Provisioning the ONS 15454 SOCKS Proxy Server 8-11

Proxy Server Port Reduction 8-12

Scenario 8: Dual GNEs on a Subnet 8-17

Scenario 9: IP Addressing with Secure Mode Enabled 8-19

Routing Table 8-21

Provisioning an External Firewall 8-23

Access Control List Example With Proxy Server Not Enabled 8-24

Access Control List Example With Proxy Server Enabled 8-25

Open GNE 8-25

Provisionable Patchcords 8-28

CHAPTER

9Applications and Configurations 9-1

Overview 9-2

Interoffice (IOF) Transport 9-2

Typcial IOF Node Configurations 9-3

Metro Transport 9-5

Access Transport 9-7

Open-Ended Path Protection Circuit 9-7

BLSR DRI 9-9

Path Protection DRI 9-12

Path Protection/BLSR DRI Handoff Configurations 9-15

Linear ADM Configurations 9-16

Terminal Mode 9-19

Traffic Aggregation 9-20

Optical Hub 9-21

Digital Cross-Connect Applications 9-22

3/1 DCS 9-22

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3/3 DCS 9-26

Regenerator Site 9-30

Passive DWDM Applications 9-31

Wavelength Multiplexer 9-32

MSTP DWDM Applications 9-33

Ethernet Applications 9-33

Ethernet Private Line 9-36

Transparent LAN Service 9-37

Metro Ethernet Solution 9-38

Resilient Packet Ring 9-39

Configuring ML-Series Cards for RPR 9-40

Configuring Cisco IOS on the ML-Series Cards for RPR/SPR 9-41

Ethernet over MPLS 9-42

Configuring EoMPLS 9-44

Cable Modem Aggregation 9-45

Wireless Networking 9-47

Video Transport 9-48

HFC Networks 9-48

Video Over IP 9-51

SAN Extension Options 9-54

Private Line Services 9-54

Wire Line Services (FCIP Over SONET) 9-55

APPENDIX

ACompliance A-1

Compliance Matrix A-1

OSMINE Process A-3

ONS 15454 Software Release 1.0 A-3

ONS 15454 Software Release 2.0 and 2.1 A-3

ONS 15454 Software Release 2.2 - Not Tested A-4

ONS 15454 Software Release 3.0 A-4

ONS 15454 Software Release 3.1 A-4

ONS 15454 Software Release 3.2 A-5

ONS 15454 Software Release 3.3 A-5

ONS 15454 Software Release 3.4 A-6

ONS 15454 Software Release 4.0 A-6

ONS 15454 Software Release 4.1 A-7

ONS 15454 Software Release 4.5 A-7

ONS 15454 Software Release 4.6 A-7

ONS 15454 Software Release 4.7 A-8

Contents

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ONS 15454 Software Release 5.0 A-8

APPENDIX

BSONET Primer B-1

Background of SONET B-1

Synchronous, Asynchronous, and Plesiochronous Signals B-2

SONET Signal Hierarchy B-2

SONET Frame Structure B-3

SONET Layers B-4

Section Overhead B-5

Line Overhead B-6

STS-1 Path Overhead B-8

SPE Values B-9

VT Path Overhead B-9

SONET Multiplexing B-10

Asynchronous Multiplexing B-10

M13 Format B-10

Synchronous Multiplexing B-10

SONET Network Configurations B-11

Point-to-Point B-11

Point-to-Multipoint B-12

Hub B-12

Ring B-13

Benefits of SONET B-14

Pointers B-14

Reduced Back-to-Back Multiplexing B-14

Optical Interconnect B-15

OAM&P Functionality B-15

Multipoint Configurations B-15

Convergence of Voice, Data, and Video B-15

Grooming B-15

Reduced Cabling and Use of DSX Panels B-16

Enhanced Performance Monitoring B-16

Convergence of SONET and SDH Hierarchies B-16

SDH B-17

Asynchronous and Synchronous Tributaries B-17

APPENDIX

CDWDM Primer C-1

Comparison of SONET TDM and Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) C-1

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Value of DWDM in the Metropolitan Area Network C-2

DWDM System Functions C-2

DWDM Components and Operation C-3

Optical Fibers C-4

Multimode and Single-Mode Fiber C-5

Single-Mode Fiber Designs C-6

Transmission Challenges C-6

Attenuation C-7

Fundamentals Technology Optical Fibers C-7

Dispersion C-8

Chromatic Dispersion C-8

Polarization Mode Dispersion C-9

Other Nonlinear Effects C-10

Light Sources and Detectors C-10

Light Emitters - LEDs and Lasers C-11

Light Detectors C-12

Optical Amplifiers C-12

Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) C-12

Constant Gain Mode C-13

Gain Flatness C-13

Transient Suppression C-14

Low Noise C-14

Saturation-Protection Internal VOA C-14

DWDM Multiplexers and Demultiplexers C-14

Techniques for Multiplexing and Demultiplexing C-15

Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers C-18

Interfaces to DWDM C-18

Operation of a Transponder Based DWDM System C-19

ITU Grid C-20

APPENDIX

DOrdering D-1

How to Order D-1

Registered Cisco Direct Customers D-1

Order Direct From Cisco D-1

Order Through a Cisco Partner D-2

Order Through an Online Retailer D-2

List of Parts D-2

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APPENDIX

EAcronyms E-1

G

LOSSARY

I

NDEX

Contents

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Cisco ONS 15454 Engineering Planning Guide

November 2009

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Cisco ONS 15454 Series Multiservice Provisioning Platforms User guide

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Cisco ONS 15454 Series Multiservice Provisioning Platforms User guide

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