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Genesis
XM – SERIES UPS
Please read this manual before operating your XM Series UPS.
OWNER’S MANUAL
PURE SINE WAVE
LINE INTERACTIVE UPS SYSTEM
Genesis Power Equipments Limited
# 35 & 36/1, 2
nd
Floor, Domlur Layout, Domlur, Bangalore – 560 071.
Ph. # 080 32912727 / 32916670 / 32952928 / 25357514,Fax # 080 41486252.
e-mail : [email protected]
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Genesis XM Series UPS
Standard Models
Model Inverter
Rating
AVR
Rating
DC
Voltage
Model Inverter
Rating
AVR
Rating
DC
Voltage
XM-800 800VA 2000VA 12V XM-1200 1200VA 2000VA 12V
XM-1400 1400VA 2000VA 24V XM-1800 1800VA 2000VA 24V
XM-2000 2000VA 3000VA 24V XM-2200 2200VA 3000VA 36V
XM-2500 2500VA 3000VA 36V XM-3000 3000VA 3500VA 48V
XM-3500 3500VA 4000VA 48V XM-4000 4000VA 5000VA 60V
XM-5000 5000VA 5000VA 72V
Custom built Line Interactive UPS also available for special applications.
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Genesis Product Range:
Online UPS Systems up to 250KVA,
Pure Sine Wave Line Interactive UPS up to 10KVA,
UPS Systems for Lift Application,
UPS Systems for X-ray,
UPS Systems for CT Scanners,
UPS Systems for Cathlab,
UPS Systems for Ambulances,
UPS Systems for Ultra Sound Scanner,
Higher Capacity Industrial Inverters up to 60KVA
Servo Controlled Stabilizer up to 1000KVA,
Isolation Transformers up to 250KVA.
& Frequency Converters up to 75KVA.
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INDEX
Safety instructions………………………………………………...…5 to7
XM Series UPS – General Information.……………………………8 to 10
Advantages of XM Series UPS……..………………………….……10 to 13
Limiting Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)…………………….14
Powering SMPS………………..…………………………………….15,16
Principal of Operation……………………………………………....17
Installation…………………………………………………….……..18 to 26
Operation………………………………………………………….....27 to 29
Protection Against Abnormal Conditions………………….………30
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SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
Please read these instructions before installing or operating the XM Series UPS to prevent personal
injury or damage to the XM Series UPS.
GENERAL
Installation and wiring compliance
- Installation and wiring must comply with the electrical codes and must be done by a certified
electrician.
Preventing electrical shock
- Always connect the grounding connection on the appropriate grounding system.
- Disassembly / repair should be carried out by qualified personnel only.
- Disconnect all AC and DC side connections before working on any circuits associated
with the XM Series UPS. Turning the on/off switch on the XM Series UPS to off position
may not entirely remove dangerous voltages
Installation environment
- The UPS should be installed indoor only in a well ventilated, cool, dry environment.
- Do not expose to moisture, rain, snow or liquids of any type.
- To reduce the risk of overheating and fire, do not obstruct the suction and discharge
openings of the cooling fans.
- To ensure proper ventilation, do not install in a low clearance compartments.
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Preventing fire and explosion hazards
Working with the XM Series UPS may produce arcs or sparks. Thus, the XM Series UPS should
not be used in areas where there are inflammable materials or gases requiring ignition protected
equipment.
Precautions when working with batteries.
- Batteries contain very corrosive diluted sulphuric acid as electrolyte. Precautions should
be taken to prevent contact with skin, eyes or clothing
- Batteries generate hydrogen and oxygen during charging and discharging resulting in
evolution of explosive gas mixture. Care should be taken to ventilate the battery area and
follow the battery manufacturer’s recommendations.
- Never smoke or allow a spark or flame near the batteries.
- Be cautious to reduce the risk of dropping a metal tool on the battery. It could spark or
short circuit the battery or other electrical parts and could cause severe arcing.
- Remove metal items like rings, bracelets and watches when working with batteries. The
batteries can produce a short circuit current high enough to weld a ring and thus cause a
severe burn.
- If you need to remove a battery, always remove the ground terminal from the battery
first. Make sure that all the accessories are off so that you do not cause a spark.
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XM Series UPS Related
Preventing paralleling of the AC output
The AC output of this XM Series UPS cannot be synchronized with another AC source and
hence, it is not suitable for paralleling. The AC output of the XM Series UPS should never be
connected directly to an electrical breaker panel / load centre which is also fed from the utility
power / generator. Such a connection may result in parallel operation of the different power
sources AC power from the utility / generator will be fed back into the XM Series UPS which
will instantly damage the output section of the XM Series UPS and may also pose a fire and
safety hazard.
To prevent possibility of paralleling and severe damage to the XM Series UPS, never use a
simple jumper cable with a male plug on both ends to connect the AC output of the XM Series
UPS to a handy wall receptacle in the home.
Preventing reverse polarity on the Battery
When making battery connection to the input side, make sure that the polarity of battery
connection is correct (Connect the positive of the battery to the positive terminal of the XM
Series UPS and the negative of the battery to negative terminal of the XM Series UPS). If the
input is connected in reverse polarity, DC fuse(s) inside the XM Series UPS will blow and may
also cause permanent damage to the XM Series UPS.
CAUTION!
Always connect battery first and then main power.
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XM Series UPS – GENERAL INFORMATION
Electrical Inputs:
Genesis XM Series UPS is a Single Phase Input – Single Phase Output System with an Input
Range of 160VAC – 285VAC.
In-built AVR regulates extreme voltage to deliver an output between – 200VAC to 255VAC,
which is suitable for most of the equipments including Computers.
Genesis XM Series UPS will switch over to battery below 160VAC and above 285VAC input.
DC Input is from storage Battery. DC Voltage is mentioned at the back of the UPS Systems.
DC Voltage determines the number of Batteries to be connected.
Example: DC – 48V
Voltage Per Battery – 12V
No. of Batteries = 48/12 = 4 Nos.
The XM Series UPS AC Output conform to the conventional power in order to run locally
available appliances.230 Volts at a frequency of 50 Hertz (cycles per second).
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Power Capacity – “Continuous” and “Surge”
How much load can an XM Series UPS handle? Its power output is rated in VA. . There are two
levels of power rating –a continuous rating and a surge rating. Continuous means the amount of
power XM Series UPS is rated in Watts (VA x 0.7 = Watts), that number generally refers to its
continuous rating. The “Surge Power” indicates the power to handle instantaneous overload for
very short period to provide the higher power required to start certain type of devices and
appliances.
Loads that require “Surge Power” to start
Resistive types of loads (like incandescent lamps, toaster, coffee maker, electric range, iron etc)
do not require extra power to start. Their starting power is the same as their running power.
Some loads like induction motors and high inertia motor driven devices will initially require a
very large starting or “surge” power to start from rest. Once they have started moving and have
attained their rated speed, their power requirement reduces to their normal running power.
TVs and microwave ovens also require surge power for starting. The manufacturers’ specification
of the appliances and devices indicates only the running power required.
If an XM Series UPS cannot efficiently feed the surge power, it may simply shut down instead of
starting the device. If the XM Series UPS surge capacity is marginal, its output voltage will dip
during the surge. This can cause a dimming of the lights in the house, and will sometimes crash a
computer.
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Any weakness in the battery and cabling to the XM Series UPS will further limit its ability to start
a motor. A battery bank that is undersized, in poor condition, or has corroded connections, can be
a weak link in the power chain. The XM Series UPS cables and the battery interconnect cables
must be sized properly.
ADVANTAGES OF SINE –WAVE XM SERIES UPS
Advantages of sine-wave XM Series UPS:
1. More Economical: Genesis XM – Series UPS Systems are economical alternative to
purchasing separate UPS Systems for Computers and Lighting (Single UPS Solution).
Built in AVR (Stabilizer) avoids the need for standalone stabilizers for your appliances.
2. More Reliable: Genesis XM – Series UPS Systems can deliver thrice the rating for short
periods making it compatible for most of the applications.
Pulse Test – Pulse Blank protection makes it extremely reliable.
3. More Convenient: Genesis XM – Series UPS Systems can support Computers, Lights,
Fans, office automation equipments and home appliances with out any manual selection.
Auto overload reset and cold start facility makes it a perfect choice whether it is Home or
Office.
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4. Better Battery Life: Charging system with Constant Current Constant Voltage and very
low ripple in conjunction with built in AVR to prevent frequent transitions of load to
Battery ensure better Battery Life.
5. Hyper Dynamic Response: Instantaneous sine Correction and sine referenced voltage
control provides excellent transient response.
This Makes Genesis XM – Series UPS compatible for supporting multiple Computers to
its full rating.
6. Better Inductive Load Handling: Four Quadrant – ZVS (Zero Voltage Switch)
Topology enhances Genesis XM – Series UPS Systems inductive load handling
capability.
This makes Genesis XM – Series UPS Systems suitable for Refrigerators, Motors, Water
Pumps, Automated-Gates, Medical-Equipments, etc.
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Advantages of a pure sine-wave Genesis XM Series UPS over conventional square wave
or modified sine wave UPS Systems / Inverters
The output voltage of a sine-wave XM Series UPS has a sine wave-form of the mains / utility
voltage. In a sine wave, the voltage rises and falls smoothly with a smoothly changing phase angle
and also changes its polarity instantly when it crosses 0 Volts.
In a square wave, the voltage rises and falls abruptly, the phase angle also changes abruptly and it
sits at 0 Volts for some time before changing its polarity. Thus, any device that uses a control
circuitry that senses the phase (for voltage / speed control) or instantaneous zero voltage crossing
(for timing control) will not work properly from a voltage that as a modified sine wave-form or
square wave.
Also, as the modified sine wave is a form of square wave, it is comprised of multiple sine waves of
odd harmonics (multiples) of the fundamental frequency of the modified sine wave. For example, a
50 Hz modified sine wave will consist of sine waves with odd harmonic frequencies of 3
rd
(150
Hz), 5
th
(250 Hz.), 7
th
(350 Hz.) and so on. The high frequency harmonic content in a modified sine
wave produces enhanced radio interference, higher heating effect in motors / microwaves and
produces overloading due to lowering of the impedance of low frequency filter capacitors / power
factor improvement capacitors.
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Advantages of sine wave output
The output wave-from is a sine-wave with very low harmonic distortion.
Inductive loads like Microwaves and Motors run faster, quieter and cooler. Reduces audible and
electrical noise in Fans, Fluorescent Lights, Audio amplifiers, TV, Fax and Answering machines,
prevents crashes in Computers & weird print outs glitches in Monitors.
Some examples of devices that may not work properly with square wave and may also get
damaged are given below:
Laser printers, photocopiers, magneto-optical hard drives. The built-in clocks in devices such as
clock radios, alarm clocks, coffee makers, bread-makers, VCR, microwave ovens etc may not
keep time correctly.
Output voltage control devices like dimmers ceiling fan / motor speed control may not work
properly (dimming / speed control may not function)
Sewing machines with speed / microprocessor control. Transformer-less capacitive input powered
devices like (i) Razors, flashlights, night-lights, smoke detectors etc (ii) Re-chargers for mobile
phones, laptops, battery packs used in hand power tools.
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LIMITING ELECTRO – MAGNETIC INTERFERENCE
(EMI)
The XM Series UPS contains internal switching devices which generate conducted and radiated
electromagnetic interference (EMI).
The magnitude of EMI is limited to acceptable levels by circuit design but can not be entirely
eliminated. The effects of EMI will also depend upon a number of factors external to the power
supply like proximity of the XM Series UPS to the EMI receptors, types and quality of
connecting wires and cables etc. EMI due to factors external to the XM Series UPS can be
reduced as follows:
- Ensure that the XM Series UPS is firmly grounded to the ground system of the building
or the vehicle
- Locate the XM Series UPS as far away from the EMI receptors like Radio, Audio and
Video devices as possible
- Keep the DC side cables between the battery and the XM Series UPS as short as possible.
- Twist the DC side cables. This will partially cancel out the radiated noise from the cables
- Use co- axial shielded cable for all antenna inputs (instead of 300 ohm twin leads)
- Use high quality shielded cable to attach Audio and Video devices to one another
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POWERING SWITCHED MODE POWER SUPPLY (SMPS)
(Used in Computers, Monitors, Printers, TV, CFL’s etc.)
Non- linear nature of current drawn by Switched Mode Power Supplies
Power supplies are used to convert AC voltages like 240 VAC to various DC voltages like 3.3V,
5V, 24V, 48V etc. Majority of modern day electronic devices use embedded general purpose
Switched Mode type of Power Supplies (SMPS) to drive the electronic circuitry.
General purpose Switched Mode Power Supplies (SMPS) have one major disadvantage – the
current drawn by them from the AC power source has a non linear waveform (the waveform is
not sinusoidal as the input voltage waveform but is in the form of short, larger value pulses
around the area of + Vpeak and - Vpeak). This is due to the charging of the input filter
capacitor(s) mostly around the positive and negative peak portions of the sinusoidal input voltage.
The degree of non-linearity is measured by the “Crest Factor”.
Crest Factor = Peak Current / RMS Current
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In a linear load, the Crest Factor is 1.414. However, in a general purpose SMPS, due to its non
linear nature, this factor will be much higher – in the region of up to 4. This will mean that for a
particular rated RMS current (applicable for a linear load), the general purpose SMPS will draw
much larger peak currents – approx. up to 4 times more than its rated RMS current.
Same kind of problem occurs even with electronic CFL lamps and electronic transformers used in
spot lights.
If an XM Series UPS is used to power the SMPS beyond its rated peak power capacity, it will be
forced to deliver higher peak currents resulting in triggering of the XM Series UPS’s over current
protection circuits. Thus, for safe operation, the continuous RMS current rating of the XM Series
UPS should be at least 2.8 times the continuous RMS current rating of the SMPS.
Peak current of XM Series UPS = Peak current of SMPS
Or
RMS current of XM Series UPS X 1.414 = RMS current of SMPS X 4
Or
RMS current of XM Series UPS = 4/1.414 XRMS current of SMPS
Or
RMS current of XM Series UPS = 2.8 X RMS current of SMPS)
Alternatively, the continuous power rating of the XM Series UPS in Watts / VA should be at
least 2.8 times the continuous power rating of the SMPS in Watts / VA
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PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION
Genesis XM Series UPS
During mains presence the UPS will act as a stabilizer with output (195VAC -260VAC) regulated
suitable for commonly available electrical loads (input range 160VAC – 285VAC)
This helps to avoid electrical stress on the gadgets extending its life.
In the event of power failure the inverter section of UPS that converts DC – AC delivers pure sine
wave output to backup the power for connected load.
The switching frequency is kept above 25 KHz to ensure silent operation. A battery charger is in-
built to charge batteries during the presence of power.
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INSTALLATION
GENERAL
Installation and wiring compliance
- Installation and wiring must comply with the standard electrical codes and must be done
by a qualified electrician
- The DC input positive and negative terminals are isolated from the chassis. Similarly, the
neutral pole of the AC receptacles / the neutral wire is not bonded to the chassis. System
grounding to suit the standard electrical codes is to be undertaken by the installer.
Preventing electrical shock
- Always connect the grounding connection on the XM Series UPS to the appropriate
grounding system.
Installation environment
- The XM Series UPS should be installed indoor only in a well ventilated, cool, dry
environment
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- Do not expose to moisture, rain, snow or liquids of any type.
- To reduce the risk of overheating and fire, do not obstruct the suction and discharge
openings of the cooling fan.
- To ensure proper ventilation, do not install in a low clearance compartment
- Working with the XM Series UPS may produce arcs or sparks. Thus, the XM Series UPS
should not be used in areas where there are inflammable materials or gases requiring
ignition protected equipment.
Mounting position of the XM Series UPS
The XM Series UPS may be mounted on the top of a horizontal surface or under a horizontal
surface.
Cooling by forced air
The XM Series UPS produce heat when operating. The amount of heat produced is proportional
to the amount of power supplied by the XM Series UPS. DC fans are used to provide forced air
cooling.
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Precautions when working with batteries.
- Batteries contain very corrosive diluted sulphuric acid as electrolyte. Precautions should
be taken to prevent contact with skin, eyes or clothing
- Batteries generate hydrogen and oxygen during charging and discharging resulting in
evolution of explosive gases. Care should be taken to ventilate the battery area and follow
the battery manufacturer’s recommendations.
- Never smoke or allow a spark or flame near the batteries.
- Never drop a metal tool on the battery. It could spark or short circuit the battery or other
electrical parts and could cause severe arcing.
- Remove metal items like rings, bracelets and watches when working with batteries. The
batteries can produce a short circuit current high enough to weld a ring and thus cause a
severe burn.
- If you need to remove a battery, always remove the ground terminal from the battery
first. Make sure that all the accessories are off so that you do not cause a
spark.
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