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WCR - 35
User Manual
WCR35
OWNER'SMANUAL
Crossover
Theinformationcontainedinthismanualissubjecttochangewithoutnotice.
Nopartofthismanualmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyany
means,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopyingandrecordingofanykind.
1995,1996ALLRIGHTSRESERVEDEQUIPSONINC.
Page1
ReferenceManual
Page2 ReferenceManual
Readtheseinstructions.
Keeptheseinstructions.
Heedallwarnings.
Followallinstructions.
Donotusethisapparatusnearwater.
Cleanonlywithadampcloth.
Donotblockanyoftheventilationopenings.Installinaccordancewiththe
manufacturer'sinstructions
Donotinstallnearanyheatsourcessuchasradiators,heatregisters,stoves,or
otherapparatusthatproduceheat.
Donotinstallthesafetypurposeofhepolarizedorgrounding-typeplug.Apolarized
plughastwobladeswithonewidethantheother.Agrounding-typeplughastwo
bladesandthirdgroundingprong.Thewidebladeorthethirdprongisprovidedfor
yoursafety.Whentheprovidedplugdoesnotfitintoyouroutlet,consultan
electricianforreplacementoftheobsoleteoutlet.
Protectthepowercordfrombeingwalkedonorpinched,particularlyatplugs,
convenienceatplugs,conveniencereceptacles,andthepointwheretheyexitfrom
theapparatus.
Onlyusepowercordfromattachments/accessoriesspecifiedbythemanufacturer.
Useonlywithacart,stand,bracket,ortablespecifiedbythemanufacturer,orsold
withtheapparatus.Whenacartisused,usecautionwhenmovingthe
cart/apparatuscombinationtoavoidinjuryfromtip-over.
UnplugthisapparatusduringlightningstormsorwhenunusedforlongPeriodsof
time.
Referallservicingtoqualifiedservicepersonal.Servicingisrequiredwhenthe
apparatushasbeendamagedinanyway,suchaspower-supplycordorplugis
damaged,liquidhasbeenspilledorobjectshavefallenintotheapparatus,the
apparatushasbeenexposedtorainormoisture,doesnotoperatenormally.
Page3ReferenceManual
Contents
SafetyInstructions
Installation
Specifications
...................................................................................................2
................................................................................................................3
........................................................................................................10
IntroductionandControl
GeneralOperating
...................................................................................5
....................................................................................7
INSTALLATION
RACKMOUNTING
CONNECTORS
Yourwascarefullypackedinthefactoryandthepackagingwasdesignedtoprotect
theunitfromroughhandling.Nevertheless,werecommendthatyoucarefullyexaminethe
packaginganditscontentsforanysignsofphysicaldamage,whichmayhaveoccurredin
transit.
lftheunitisdamaged,pleasedonotreturnittous,butnotifyyourdealerandtheshipping
companyimmediately,otherwiseclaimsfordamageorreplacementmaynotbegranted.
Shippingclaimsmustbemadebytheconsignee.
Thefitsintoonestandardrackunitofspace(13/4").Pleaseallowatleastanadditional
4"depthforthe connectorsonthebackpanel.Besurethatthereisenoughairspacearound
theunitforcoolingandpleasedonotplacetheonhightemperaturedevicessuchas
poweramplifiersetc.toavoidoverheating.
ThehastobeinstalledusingXLRconnectors.AlthoughtheinputsandoutputsARE
fullybalanced,theautomaticservo-functionallowsthemtooperatewithunbalanced
sources/loads.
Theinputshaveanimpedanceof60kOhmsandcanbedrivenbymostinputsources.Ifa
device'soutputrequiresaloadof600Ohms(providedwithmostoutputtransformers),600
Ohmresistorsshouldbetiedacrosspins2and3ontheinputconnectors.
Asstandard,theoutputsoftheareelectronicallybalanced(transformerbalancing
optional)andhaveanoutputimpedanceof40Ohms.Whendrivingtransformercoupledloads,
itmaybenecessarytocreatea600Ohmsourceimpedance.Forthispurpose,installtwo287
Ohmresistors(tolerance:1%)inserieswithpins2and3.
90%ofallmistakesinaudioinstallationscanbeattributedtoincorrectanddefectiveaudio
connections!Inordertoutilizethetoitsfullpotential,pleasepayspecialattentionto
thefollowingsection.
Forbetterunderstanding,thetechnicaldifferencebetweenandsystems
mustbeclarified:
Unbalancedoperationischaracterizedbyasingleconductorcablewiththecenterconductor
carryingandtheshieldatground.
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Impedance
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Unbalanced/BalancedOperation
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TheUnbalancedSystem
TheBalancedSystem
unbalancedbalanced
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Abalancedoperationisdefinedasatwoconductorshieldedcable,whereeachofthetwo
centerconductorscarrythesamesignalbutofoppositephase.Thehaveequalbutinverted
potentialdifferencesfromthatofground.
Theadvantageofthebalancedsystemisbasedonthedifferentialamplifierinasubsequent
devicesuppressingallequalphasednoisewhichhasbeeninducedduringitstransmission
downthecablelink.However,theoriginalsignalwillbeamplifiedandretainallitsoriginal
integrity.
Inthisway,audiosignalscanbetransmittedwithoutinterferenceorlossacrosslongdistances.
Balancedorunbalancedsystemsrequiredifferentwiring.Pleasereadthenextsection
carefullyandpaycloseattentiontothecorrectwiringrequirementsoftheunitsintheaudio
chain.
TheCorrectWiringForBalancedOperation
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BalancedOperation
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UnbalancedOperation
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lftheunitprecedingtheusesoutputbalancing,werecommendthatyouusebalanced
audioconnections.Thiswillavoidinterferencesuchasmainshumetc.
Formaximumhumrejection,youshouldavoidcommongrounding,whichmeansgrounding
the'sinputsandoutputs.
Werecommendthatyouconnecttheshieldoftheinputcabletothegroundofthesignalsource,
makingsurethattheshieldisnotconnectedtothe'sinputconnectors.Theshieldof
thecablesisconnectedtothegroundofthe'soutputs,butmakesurethattheshieldof
thecorrespondingcableendsarenotconnectedtothegroundofthesubsequentunits
Generallyspeaking,theshieldconnectionwillbetiedtothesourceunits,butnottodestination
units.Pleaseavoidcrosslinkingpin3oftheXLRconnector.
Ifyoustilldevelophum,itmaybehelpfulinsomecasestoconnecttheshieldsontheinputsof
thesubsequentdevicesalso.
TheusesXLRconnectors.Werecommend,inaccordancewiththeinternationally
agreedIEC268-12standard,pin1:ground(sleeve),pin2:positiveinputandpin3:negative
input.Weadvisethatyouadheretothisstandard,inordertoprovidecompatibilitywith
precedingorsubsequentunits.
ThefollowingFigure5showsthecorrectconnectionforthebalancedinputwiring,whereas
Figure6showsthecorrectconnectionforthebalancedoutputwiringforthe.Please
notethatyoucandistinguishbetweenthefiguresbyobservingtheshieldconnections.
Althoughtheisequippedwithelectronicallybalancedinputsandoutputs,itcanalso
functionunbalanced.Theautomaticservo-functionrecognizestheunbalancedconnectors
andcompensatesforthe6dBleveldifferencewhichoccurswhenusedwithunbalanced
connections.
Ifunbalancedoperationisrequired,pleaseconnectpin3topin1(ground)oftheXLR
connector.Asaresultpin2carriesthepositive(+/hot)signal.Ifpin3andpin1arenotjoined,
thenegativeinputwillbeclosespace"open"resultinginadrasticdeteriorationinthesignal-to-
noiseratio.
Thisappliestoboththeinputandoutputconnections.Pleasenoteinthisapplication,thecable
OPERATIONWITHXLRCONNECTORS
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[1]
[2]
[3]
[5]
[6] [7]
FrontPanel
WCR35Front&RearPanelControls&Connections
[1]INPUTGAINcontrol
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[2]X'OVERFREQ.control
TwoINPUTGAINpotentiometers(+/-12dB)matchthesensitivityofthe'sinputsto
anyconsole.EachhasanassociatedCLIPLED.
ThecrossoverfrequenciesaresetbyadjustingtheX'OVERFREQ.Potentiometerateach
channel.
shieldhastobeconnectedonbothends.
ThemainsconnectionoftheismadebyusingamainscableandastandardIEC
receptacle.Itmeetsalloftheinternationalsafetycertificationrequirements.
Pleasemakesurethatallunitshaveapropergroundconnection.Foryourownsafety,itis
advisablenottoremovethegroundconnectionwithintheunitsoratthesupply,orfailtomake
thisconnectionatall.Theaudiogroundoftheisinternallycapacitorde-coupled,to
isolateitfromthesupplyearth.Itisthereforenotadvantageoustoattemptgroundloopproblem
solvingusingthismethod.
Beforeyouswitchontheunit,checkthatitisconfiguredtomatchyourACmainsvoltage
requirements.Ifitdoesnotcomply,thenitisnecessarytoswitchtheoperatingvoltagetothe
correctsupplyrequirementsbeforeturningontheunit,otherwisetheunitcouldbeseverely
damaged.Youwillfindthevoltageselectorattheback,adjacenttotheIECreceptacle.
PleasenotethattheACvoltageselectionisdefinedbythepositionoftheselectorholder.Ifyou
intendtochangetheoperatingvoltage,movethevoltageselectorswitchtoupordown.
Matchingthetwomarkersmonitorstheselectedvoltage.
Asafetyfuseprotectstheunitfromseriousdefects.Ifthefuseblows,thisisawarningsignand
alwaysindicatesthatthecircuitisoverloaded.Thefaultmustalwaysberepairedbeforethe
fuseisreplaced.
Ifthesafetyfuseblowsandneedsreplacingaftertheunitisrepaired,pleasemakesurethat
youreplaceitonlywiththeidenticaltypeandrating.NEVERusefusesofdifferentratingsor
coverfaultyfuseswithaluminumfoil.Thiscancausefireandelectricshocksandwillendanger
yourlifeandthelivesofothers.
For200-240Voltsthefuseratingis125mAslow-blowand250mA slow-blowformains
voltagesof100-120Volts.
MAINSCONNECTION
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OperatingVoltageSelector
SafetyFuseReplacement
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[3]RANGEswitch
Crossoverfrequenciesfrom80to900Hzor800Hzto9kHzrespectivelyarechosenbythe
RANGEswitch.
[4]LF/MF/HFGAINcontrol
[5]LF/MF/HFMUTEswitch
[6]MODEswitch
[7]MONOBASSswitch
Eachbandhasit'sownLF/HFGAIN(+6dB)controltoallowsomefine-tuningofthesystemto
give(usually)aflatterfrequencyresponse.
TheMUTEbuttonenableseasyauditioningoftheselectedband(s).
Stereo3-wayormono5-wayoperationischosenbytheMODEswitch.
InstereomodethebassoutputsmaybesummedinmonoviatheMONOBASSswitch.
REARPANEL
[1]MAINSCONNECTOR/FUSEHOLDER/VOLTAGESELECTOR
[2]HIGH/MID/LOWOUTPUTS
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[3]INPUTS
Beforeyouconnecttheunit,pleasemakesurethatthedisplayedvoltagecorrespondstoyour
mainssupply.
PleasenotethattheACvoltageselectionisdefinedbythepositionoftheselectorholder.Ifyou
intendtochangetheoperatingvoltage,move
thevoltageselectorswitchtoupordown.Matchingthetwomarkersmonitorstheselected
voltage.
Pleasenotethat,dependingonthemainsvoltagesuppliedtotheunit,thecorrectfusetypeand
ratemustbeinstalled.
Pleaseusetheenclosedmainscabletoconnecttheunittothemainspowersupply.
Yourprovides6outputsforstereoand5formonooperation.
Inputsareelectronicallybalanced(2forstereo,1formonooperation).
Onceagaintwolegendingstripesrefertostereo3-way(top)andmono5-wayoperation
(bottom)respectively.Inmono5-wayoperation
certaininputsandoutputsdonotapply,andarenotlegended.
[1]
[2]
[3]
RearPanel
Page7ReferenceManual
TOOLBOX
SETTINGINPUTLEVELS
ReferencePointMicrophone(RPM)
RealTimeAnalyzer(RTA)
WORK
Variable-FrequencySineWaveOscillator(SWO)
YourEars
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Alignmentshouldbecarriedoutwithagoodqualitymicrophone,withaflatresponseatleast
from80Hztoabout15kHz,placedabout5minfrontofthespeakerstackbeingtuned,andata
heightmid-waybetweenthedriverscoveringthetwobandsinquestion.Wewillcallthisthe
ReferencePointMicrophone.WhenusingaRPM,onlyonestackatatimeshouldbetuned.
Thisistrueforbandlevelsetting,timealignmentandsettingcrossoverfrequencies.
TheRPMusuallyneedstobemovedbetweenmeasurements.
DesignedtoworkinconjunctionwithaRPM,thisdeviceoutputsbroadband(pink)noiseinto
thePAviathemixingdesk,andmonitorstheacousticresultviaamultichannelfrequency
analyzer/meter.TheULTRA-CURVEdoesallthisandmore.
Sweepablethroughouttheaudiospectrum,thissinewavegeneratorissimple,inexpensive,
andmaybepluggedintothemixingconsoleviaalineinput.Ifitsoutputlevelvarieswith
frequency,youcouldpatchacompressor/limiterwithslowtimeconstantsandmassiveratio
betweenitandtheconsoletoclampit.YouwillalsoneedaRPM.
Whenauditioningtheoverallsoundofasystem,besuretomoveabouttheauditoriumtocheck
forhotandcoldspots.Thesoundshouldbeoptimizedfortheaveragelisteningposition,
withoutbeingoverlycompromisedelsewhere.Oftenthismeansrunningthesysteminmono.
Atalltimes,havingmadetechnicaladjustmentsusinginstrumentation(SWO,RTA,RPM,
metersandLEDs),useyourearstocheckthattheresultisreasonable.
Thereis+/-12dBcut/boostavailableonbothinputs.
Usually,mixeroutputsensitivityandpoweramplifierinputsensitivitywillbematched:0dB
outputonthedeskwillproduce0dBonapoweramplifier'smeter(ifithasone).Inwhichcase
theshouldbesettohaveaneutraleffectonsystemgain,andallinputand
outputlevelcontrolsshouldreadzero.
Wherethedesk(orDJconsole!)isrunningat-10dBV(semi-prolevel),butthepoweramps
aresetupfor+4dBuoperation,youwillbelookingforthecrossovertoprovideupto14dBof
gain.Trysettingtheinputlevelto+12dBforstarters.
Ifyouarenotsurewhatsensitivityyourconsolehas,trythefollowingprocedure:muteallWCR
35outputs.Drivetheconsolewithaconstantsignal(SWO,RTAorevenmusic)untiltheonset
ofclippingontheconsole'slevelmeters(usuallyindicatedbyaclipLED,orwhenthemetershit
theroof!).adjusttheinputleveltotheuntilitsinputCLIPLEDjustlights.Backoffthe
consoletonormaloperatinglevel(0dB).Nowbothconsoleandhave(roughly)
matchingsensitivities.
Carryouttheaboveprocedurewiththepowerampsturnedoff!
SETTINGBANDLEVELS
RPM,RTA,SWOAgain
WORKBandlevelsshouldoptimallybesetwithaRTA(suchasisfoundintheULTRA-CURVE
programmableanalyzer/equalizerwhichnoself-respectingPAshouldbewithout!)toenable
Page8 ReferenceManual
thesystemtobetunedtoaflatresponse.Morelaborious,butatleastasaccurate,wouldbeto
plottheresponsecurveusingasweepableSWO.BothrequireaRPM.
TheRTAandSWOmethodsinvolvemutingallbutonebandononeside,firingpinknoiseor
theappropriate(X-over)frequencythroughthesystematacomfortablelevel,andobserving
theSPLattheRPM.Switchonanadjacentband.ThemeasuredSPLattheRPMshould
increaseby+3dBatthecrossoverpoint.Repeatforallcrossoverpoints.
Doublecheckbylookingattheentireaudiospectrum.Inahall,thefrequencyresponseofthe
systemwill becolored(whichiswhymassivesystemsaresometimescalibratedoutdoors).
Whatyouwillbelookingforisnotatrueflatresponse:thatwillonlycomeafterequalization.
Ratherseekoutfaultlinesbetweenbands.Ifthefrequencyresponseisverycurvedindeed,
however,itmightbebettertousethecrossovertoflattentheroombeforeapplyingEQ.Inthis
case,faultlinesmightjusthavetobeacceptedandcompensatedforasbestyoucanwith
systemEQ.
Extremelystablehigh-gualitypotentiometersobviatetheneedforfixedcardfrequency
dividersofferingadegreeofon-siteusercontrolnotfoundoncertainmoreexpensiveunits.
Theseoperateintwoswitchableranges,from80-900Hz,andfrom800Hz-9kHz.Turnover
frequenciesbeyondthoselimitsarenevernormallyrequired.Theslopeis24dB/octave.And
thefiltersaretheuniversallyacclaimedlinkwitz-Rileytype.Highqualitycomponents(1%metal
filmresistorsand2%capacitors)ensurezerophaseandamplitudeerroratallcrossover
frequencies.
Forsettingcrossoverfrequenciesbetweenbins&hornsetc.,pleaserefertothe
manufacturer'sspecifications.Ifpossible,checkresponsecurvesofthevariousloadeddrivers
(i.e.incabinets/behindhorns)toavoidcrossingoveratapeakortrough.Lookinsteadfor
relativelyflatmatchingareas.
Neverdriveloudspeakers/hornsatfrequenciesbellowthemanufacturer'sspecifiedbandwidth.
TIP:Crossingoverabovearecommendedfrequencyoftenputslesssfressonahorndriveror
tweeter,resultinginalongerdiaphragmlifeandclarity,versusaslightdropinsystemefficiency.
CertainPAsystems,particularlythoserequiredtodeliverloud,deepbass,runthelowendin
mono,whilethehighsareinstereo(lowfrequencysoundishardtolocalize).Byplacingall
basscabsinanarray(theclosertoaspherethebetter,inpracticetwomaybeontopoftwo
others),efficiencyisimprovedoverallotherstackingmethods.E.g.twocabstogetherwill
provide+3dBmore(doublethevolume)oflowbassthanthesametwoseparatedbyastage.
Fourcabstogetherprovideanextra+6dB.Why?Togethertheyformasinglesource.Apart
theyarediscretesources.Thesphericalnatureofbasswavesmeansthatapartthereisbound
tobesomephasecancellationinthemiddle.Trydroppingtwostonesintoapondtogetherand
apartinyourmind'seye.Gotthepicture?Instereomodethecandelivermonobass
viatheswitchcalledMONOBASS.
Also,manystudionearfieldmonitorsnowcomewithoptionalmonosub-woofersystems.In
stereomodethecandeliveramonosignalsuitablefordrivingsuchasub-wooferor
SPLAtRPM
SeekingOutFaultLines
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SETTINGCROSSOVERFREQUENCIES
MONO-INGTHEBASS
Page9ReferenceManual
monobasssystem,whileremovingthesefrequenciesfromthemainmonitors.
Whenpreparingamastertape,anengineershouldalwayscheckformonocompatibility.Too
muchout-of-phasematerialcancausesignalstoreduceorevendisappearinmono.When
cuttingontovinyl,out-of-phasebasswillcausethecuttertojumpaboutwildly,resultingina
quietcut.Bypassingaproblemtapethroughthe,mono-ingthebass,thensumming
thehighandlowoutputs,out-of-phasebasswillbeeliminatedbelowthechosencrossover
frequency.
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Servo-balancedinput
RF&15Hzhighpassfilteroneachinput
Variable-12to+12dB
60kohms,balanced
-10dBvto+4dBu
+20dBubalancedandunbalanced(unitygain)
Betterthan40dB
Electronicallyservo-balancedoutputstage
40ohms,balancedandunbalanced
+26dBubalanced+21dBuunbalanced
16Hzto40kHz,+0,-1dB
0.005%typ.
0.01%typ.
-92dBu(20Hzto22kHz,unweighted)
Betterthan50dBu
Statevariable24dB/octaveLinkwitz-Rileyfilter
Stereo3-wayormono5-wayselectable
Switchable80to900Hz/800Hzto9kHz
Variable80to900Hz/800Hzto9kHz
Variable-to0dB
Variable-to0dB
Outputscanbeswitchedoff
Instereomodebothbassoutputscanbesummed
Selects
Allactiveswitchesareilluminated
Highlighttheactivecontrolsin2-wayor3-waymode
100-120/200-240VAC50-60Hz
10watts
250mA(100-120v);125mA(200-240v)slow-blow
StandardIECreceptacle
13/4"(44mm)x19"(483mm)x283/4"(155mm)
3.3kg(7.29lbs)
4.3kg(9.51lbs)
Variable-to0dB
tereo3-wayormono5-way
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
FILTER
FUNCTIONS
INDICATORS
POWERSUPPLY
PHYSICAL
Type
Filter
InputGAINcontrol
InputImpedance
NominalOperatingLevel
MaximumlnputLevel
CMR
Type
Outputlmpedance
MaximumOutputLevel
Bandwidth
THD
IMD(SMPTE)@+10dBu
Noise&Hum,unitygain
Crosstalk@20kHz
Type
MODEswitch
RANGEswitch
X'OVERFREQ.control
LFGAINcontrol
HFGAINcontrol
LF/MF/HFMUTEswitches
MONOBASSswitch
SWITCHLEDindicators
MODELEDindicators
MainsVoltages
PowerConsumption
Fuse
MainsConnection
Dimension
NetWeight
ShippingWeight
MFGAINcontrol
MODEswitch
SPECIFICATIONS
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