Garmin GFC™ 600 Digital Autopilot User guide

GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

™

Garmin International, Inc., 1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A.

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Garmin Corporation, No. 68, Zhangshu 2nd Road, Xizhi District, New Taipei City, Taiwan

Web Site Address: www.garmin.com

Contact Garmin Product Support at: www.ﬂygarmin.com

For warranty information refer to:

https://ﬂy.garmin.com/ﬂy-garmin/support/warranty-information/

Except as expressly provided herein, no part of this manual may be reproduced, copied,

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®

is a registered trademarks of Garmin Ltd. or its subsidiaries. This trademark may not be

used without the express permission of Garmin.

August, 2018 190-01488-00 Rev.C Printed in the U.S.A.

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C

Warnings, Cautions & Notes

WARNING: Perform a thorough preﬂight control check to verify that there

is no excessive friction, binding, or other anomalies that prevent smooth

movement throughout the intended range of motion in pitch, roll, and yaw

axis. Any discrepancies must be resolved prior to continued operation.

WARNING: For safety reasons, system operational procedures must be learned

on the ground.

WARNING: The Garmin system, as installed in this aircraft, has a very high

degree of functional integrity. However, the pilot must recognize that provid-

ing monitoring and/or self-test capability for all conceivable system failures

is not practical.

WARNING: To reduce the risk of unsafe operation, carefully review and

understand all aspects of the system, Pilot’s Guide documentation, the Pilot’s

Operating Handbook (POH), and the Aircraft Flight Manual Supplement

(AFMS). Thoroughly practice basic operation prior to actual use. During ﬂight

operations, carefully compare the Flight Director commands and autopilot

response to all available navigation indications, attitude displays, and air data

information. For safety purposes, always resolve any discrepancies before

continued operation.

CAUTION: The system does not contain any user-serviceable parts. Repairs

should only be made by an authorized Garmin service center. Unauthorized

repairs or modiﬁcations could void both the warranty and the pilot’s authority

to operate this device under FAA/FCC regulations.

NOTE: All visual depictions contained within this document, including screen

images of the panel and displays, are subject to change and may not reﬂect

the most current system and aviation databases. Depictions of equipment

may differ slightly from the actual equipment.

NOTE: This device complies with part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is

subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harm-

ful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received,

including interference that may cause undesired operation.

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C

AVIATION LIMITED WARRANTY

All Garmin avionics products are warranted to be free from defects in materials or workmanship

for the earlier of: 2 years or 800 ﬂight hours from the date of purchase for new TSO remote-

mount and TSO panel-mount products; 1 year or 400 ﬂight hours from the date of purchase

for new Non-TSO remote-mount* and Non-TSO panel-mount*, portable products and any

purchased newly-overhauled products; 6 months or 200 ﬂight hours for factory repaired or

newly-overhauled products exchanged through a Garmin Authorized Service Center. Within the

applicable period, Garmin will, at its sole option, repair or replace any components that fail

in normal use. Such repairs or replacement will be made at no charge to the customer for

parts or labor, provided that the customer shall be responsible for any transportation cost. This

Limited Warranty does not apply to: (i) cosmetic damage, such as scratches, nicks and dents;

(ii) consumable parts, such as batteries, unless product damage has occurred due to a defect

in materials or workmanship; (iii) damage caused by accident, abuse, misuse, water, ﬂood, ﬁre,

or other acts of nature or external causes; (iv) damage caused by service performed by anyone

who is not an authorized service provider of Garmin; or (v) damage to a product that has been

modiﬁed or altered without the written permission of Garmin. In addition, Garmin reserves the

right to refuse warranty claims against products or services that are obtained and/or used in

contravention of the laws of any country.

This Limited Warranty also does not apply to, and Garmin is not responsible for, any degradation

in the performance of any Garmin navigation product resulting from its use in proximity to any

handset or other device that utilizes a terrestrial broadband network operating on frequencies

that are close to the frequencies used by any Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) such as

the Global Positioning Service (GPS). Use of such devices may impair reception of GNSS signals.

TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE WARRANTIES AND

REMEDIES CONTAINED IN THIS LIMITED WARRANTY ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF,

AND GARMIN EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS, ALL OTHER WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES, WHETHER

EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY

IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE,

STATUTORY REMEDY OR OTHERWISE. THIS LIMITED WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL

RIGHTS, AND YOU MAY HAVE OTHER LEGAL RIGHTS WHICH VARY FROM STATE TO STATE. IF

IMPLIED WARRANTIES CANNOT BE DISCLAIMED, THEN SUCH WARRANTIES ARE LIMITED IN

DURATION TO THE DURATION OF THIS LIMITED WARRANTY. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW

LIMITATIONS ON HOW LONG AN IMPLIED WARRANTY LASTS, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATION MAY

NOT APPLY TO YOU.

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C

IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER RESULTING FROM THE USE, MISUSE OR INABILITY TO

USE THE PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT. SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE

EXCLUSION OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS

MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

Garmin retains the exclusive right to repair or replace (with a new or newly-overhauled

replacement product) the product or software or offer a full refund of the purchase price at

its sole discretion. SUCH REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY FOR ANY

BREACH OF WARRANTY.

Online auction purchases: Products purchased through online auctions are not eligible for

warranty coverage. Online auction conﬁrmations are not accepted for warranty veriﬁcation.

To obtain warranty service, an original or copy of the sales receipt from the original retailer is

required. Garmin will not replace missing components from any package purchased through an

online auction.

International purchases: A separate warranty may be provided by international distributors

for devices purchased outside the U.S., depending on the country. If applicable, this warranty

is provided by the local in-country distributor and this distributor provides local service for

your device. Distributor warranties are only valid in the area of intended distribution. Devices

purchased in the U.S. or Canada must be returned to the Garmin service center in the U.K., the

U.S., Canada or Taiwan for service.

To obtain warranty service, contact your local Garmin Authorized Service Center. For assistance

in locating a Service Center near you, visit the Garmin Web site at http://www.garmin.com.

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C

SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT

BY USING THE DEVICE, COMPONENT OR SYSTEM MANUFACTURED OR SOLD BY GARMIN

(“THE GARMIN PRODUCT”), YOU AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS

OF THE FOLLOWING SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT. PLEASE READ THIS AGREEMENT

CAREFULLY. Garmin Ltd. and its subsidiaries (“Garmin”) grants you a limited license to use the

software embedded in the Garmin Product (the “Software”) in binary executable form in the

normal operation of the Garmin Product. Title, ownership rights, and intellectual property rights

in and to the Software remain with Garmin and/or its third-party providers. You acknowledge

that the Software is the property of Garmin and/or its third-party providers and is protected

under the United States of America copyright laws and international copyright treaties. You

further acknowledge that the structure, organization, and code of the Software are valuable

trade secrets of Garmin and/or its third-party providers and that the Software in source code

form remains a valuable trade secret of Garmin and/or its third-party providers. You agree not

to reproduce, decompile, disassemble, modify, reverse assemble, reverse engineer, or reduce to

human readable form the Software or any part thereof or create any derivative works based on

the Software. You agree not to export or re-export the Software to any country in violation of

the export control laws of the United States of America.

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C

RR-4

Part Number Change Summary

190-01488-00 Initial release

Rev Date Description

A June, 2017 Production Release

B July, 2017 Removed software version number

C August, 2018 Added Enroute Vertical Navigation

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C i

Table of Contents

Section 1 System Overview .................................................................................................. 1

1.1 Basic Functions .................................................................................................................. 1

1.2 AFCS Equipment ................................................................................................................ 2

GMC 605 Mode Controller ................................................................................................... 2

GSA 87 Servo ....................................................................................................................... 4

GI 285 Annunciator Panel ..................................................................................................... 4

1.3 Interfacing Equipment ..................................................................................................... 5

G500/G600 Integrated Glass Panel System .......................................................................... 5

G500/G600 TXi Integrated Glass Panel System ..................................................................... 6

Aspen EFD1000 ................................................................................................................... 7

GPS Navigators .................................................................................................................... 7

VHF Nav Radios .................................................................................................................. 8

Horizontal Situation Indicators (HSI) ...................................................................................... 8

Directional Gyros (DG) .......................................................................................................... 8

Audio Panel ......................................................................................................................... 8

GTX 335/345(R) with GPS Option ......................................................................................... 9

1.4 AFCS Controls ................................................................................................................... 10

GMC 605 ........................................................................................................................... 10

External Controls ................................................................................................................ 12

1.5 System Indications .......................................................................................................... 13

GMC 605 ........................................................................................................................... 13

GI 285 Indications .............................................................................................................. 14

Garmin PFD AFCS Indications ............................................................................................. 15

Section 2 Automatic Flight Control System .............................................................. 17

2.1 AFCS Operation ................................................................................................................ 17

AFCS Pre-Flight .................................................................................................................. 17

Engaging the Autopilot ....................................................................................................... 18

Flight Director Modes ......................................................................................................... 18

Disengaging the Autopilot .................................................................................................. 19

2.2 Basic Autopilot Features ................................................................................................ 19

Flight Director .................................................................................................................... 19

Control Wheel Steering ....................................................................................................... 20

Yaw Damper ...................................................................................................................... 21

Manual Trim ....................................................................................................................... 22

Manual Electric Trim ........................................................................................................... 24

Autotrim ............................................................................................................................ 24

Overspeed Protection ......................................................................................................... 24

Underspeed Protection ....................................................................................................... 26

2.3 Vertical Modes .................................................................................................................. 29

Vertical Mode Controls and Annunciations .......................................................................... 29

Pitch Hold Mode (PIT)......................................................................................................... 31

Level Mode (LVL) ................................................................................................................ 32

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C

ii

Table of Contents

Go Around Mode (GA) ....................................................................................................... 33

Altitude Hold Mode (ALT) ................................................................................................... 34

Selected Altitude Capture Mode (ALTS) ............................................................................... 35

Vertical Speed Mode (VS) ................................................................................................... 36

Indicated Airspeed Mode (IAS) ............................................................................................ 37

Glidepath Mode (GP) ......................................................................................................... 38

Glideslope Mode (GS)......................................................................................................... 40

2.4 Enroute Vertical Navigation ........................................................................................... 42

Autoswitching .................................................................................................................... 44

Lateral Mode Controls and Annunciations ........................................................................... 46

Roll Hold Mode (ROL) ......................................................................................................... 48

Heading Select Mode (HDG) ............................................................................................... 49

Navigation Modes (GPS, VOR, LOC) .................................................................................... 50

Approach Modes (GPS, VOR, LOC) ...................................................................................... 53

Flying A DME Arc With A GPS Navigator.............................................................................. 57

Backcourse Mode (BC) ....................................................................................................... 57

2.6 Electronic Stability & Protection (ESP™).................................................................... 58

Roll Engagement ................................................................................................................ 60

Pitch Engagement .............................................................................................................. 62

Airspeed Protection ............................................................................................................ 63

Section 3 Annunciations & Alerts .................................................................................... 65

3.1 Visual Annunciations and Alerts .................................................................................. 65

3.2 Aural Alerts ....................................................................................................................... 68

Voice Alerts ........................................................................................................................ 68

Autopilot Disconnect Alert .................................................................................................. 68

Section 4 Abnormal Operation ......................................................................................... 69

4.1 Suspected Autopilot Malfunction ............................................................................... 69

4.2 Overpowering Autopilot Servos .................................................................................. 69

Appendices .................................................................................................................................... 70

Appendix A: Feature/Equipment Matrix ........................................................................... 70

Index ...................................................................................................................................Index-2

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C 1

System Overview

SECTION 1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW

The Garmin GFC 600 is a high-performance, attitude-based, Automatic Flight

Control System (AFCS) that supports an extensive set of operating modes and safety

features. The system design offers the ﬂexibility to interface with a wide variety

of avionics equipment commonly found in general aviation aircraft. The speciﬁc

functions supported by the GFC 600 vary by installation. Refer to Appendix A for more

information.

CAUTION: This manual covers all functions and modes that the GFC

600 can support, however it is the responsibility of the user to become

familiar with the capabilities and limitations of a speciﬁc aircraft (per the

Airplane Flight Manual Supplement) which may not support all the features

described here.

1.1 BASIC FUNCTIONS

The GFC 600 AFCS provides the following main operating functions:

•Flight Director (FD) — The Flight Director function provides pitch and roll

commands needed to guide the aircraft toward the active reference selected by

the pilot. If a compatible Primary Flight Display (PFD) is installed these pitch and

rolls commands are displayed on the PFD as Command Bars. When the Flight

Director is active the pitch and roll commands can be hand-ﬂown by the pilot.

When the Autopilot is engaged the autopilot servos drive the ﬂight controls to

follow the commands issued by the Flight Director.

•Autopilot (AP) — The Autopilot function is provided by servo actuators which

move the ﬂight control surfaces in response to Flight Director steering commands,

aircraft attitude, and airspeed. The optional pitch auto-trim function serves to

relieve any sustained effort required by the pitch servo to keep the aircraft in trim.

•Yaw Damper (YD) — The optional Yaw Damper function provides Dutch Roll

damping, assists in turn coordination, and provides a steady force to help maintain

directional trim. If installed the YD comes on when the autopilot is engaged. It

can be turned on/off independent of the autopilot and may be used during normal

hand-ﬂying maneuvers.

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C

2

System Overview

•Manual Electric Trim (MET) — The optional Manual Electric Trim uses the same

servo as the auto-trim function and allows the pilot to command trim via a trim

switch when the autopilot is not engaged. The MET function does not preclude

the use of the aircraft’s basic mechanical trim system.

•Electronic Stability & Protection (ESP) — The ESP function provides a soft

barrier to keep the aircraft within the desired operating envelope when the autopilot

is not engaged. When the GFC 600 senses that the aircraft is near the deﬁned

operating limit in pitch attitude, roll attitude, high airspeed, or low airspeed, the

ESP function will automatically engage one or more servos to nudge it back to the

nominal operating envelope. While ESP utilizes the same sensors, processors, and

actuators as the GFC 600 autopilot it is a separate mutually exclusive function.

ESP can be easily overpowered by the pilot and can be disabled using the AP

DISC / TRIM INT button.

1.2 AFCS EQUIPMENT

The basic GFC 600 system is comprised of the following equipment:

GMC 605 MODE CONTROLLER

The panel-mounted GMC 605 serves as the primary user interface for the GFC 600.

The GMC provides autopilot and Flight Director mode selection buttons and a wheel

for convenient adjustment of the pitch, airspeed, and vertical speed references. A

backlit monochrome LCD displays active and armed modes, reference values, alerts,

and messages.

The GMC 605 contains internal sensors which calculate the aircraft attitude, allowing

the GFC 600 to operate without relying on any external source of attitude. Flight

Director mode logic as well as some autopilot management functions are performed

within the GMC 605 main processor.

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C 3

System Overview

The GMC 605 has extensive I/O capabilities that support interfaces to a large variety

of equipment including Primary Flight Displays, Air Data Computers, GPS navigators,

VHF Nav radios, Audio Panels, HSIs, and Directional Gyros (DGs). The GMC requires

airspeed and altitude information, therefore if it does not have an interface to an Air

Data Computer, a small Air Data Module must be attached to the back of the GMC’s

mounting tray to provide basic air data information to the AFCS.

The GMC 605 features a covered USB port on the front face of the unit, allowing a

convenient means of updating software and downloading diagnostics information to

aid in troubleshooting.

CAUTION: The USB port is not designed to provide power or data to external

consumer devices such as smart phones, cameras, or tablet computers and

should not be used in ﬂight.

GMC 605

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C

4

System Overview

GSA 87 SERVO

The GSA 87 servos provide control surface actuation as part of the autopilot, yaw

damper, electric trim, and ESP functions. The GSA 87 is a ‘smart’ servo which performs

most of the autopilot processing functions and offers many inherent safety features.

The brushless motor and electronic torque and speed sensing capabilities provide

smooth, reliable operation. The GSA 87 design incorporates an internal engagement

solenoid and a gear train that allows the motor to be backdriven by the pilot in case

the solenoid fails to disengage. This eliminates the need for a mechanical slip clutch

along with the associated performance limitations and maintenance requirements.

GSA 87

GI 285 ANNUNCIATOR PANEL

The GI 285 Annunciator Panel provides basic AFCS status and mode annunciation

for GFC 600 installations where the GMC 605 cannot be mounted within the pilot’s

primary ﬁeld of view and there is no PFD capable of providing the annunciations.

GI 285

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C 5

System Overview

1.3 INTERFACING EQUIPMENT

The GFC 600 is capable of interfacing with a wide variety of equipment including

the following:

G500/G600 INTEGRATED GLASS PANEL SYSTEM

The GDU 620 Primary Flight Display (part of the G500/G600 Glass Cockpit system)

can provide AFCS mode annunciation and alerts, Flight Director command bar display,

Altitude Preselect (ALTS) capability, Heading (HDG) reference selection, and bank limit

indications for the ESP function. The PFD displays AFCS reference values and bugs for

Vertical Speed (VS) and Indicated Airspeed (IAS) modes. Nav source selection can be

performed on the PFD and the GFC 600 will couple to the selected source for guidance.

The G500/G600 systems include an Air Data Computer which provides airspeed and

baro-corrected altitude to the AFCS. This is particularly beneﬁcial when operating in

Altitude Hold (ALT) mode because the autopilot will automatically synchronize to small

changes resulting from an updated altimeter setting.

GDU 620

Reference the latest G500/G600 Pilot’s Guide for more detail about features related

to AFCS.

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C

6

System Overview

G500/G600 TXI INTEGRATED GLASS PANEL SYSTEM

The G500/G600 TXi is a display and sensor system available in the following three

display options:

• GDU 1060 - 10” display

• GDU 700P - 7” portrait display

• GDU 700L - 7” landscape display

The GDU 1060 or 700P Primary Flight Display can provide AFCS mode annunciation

and alerts, Flight Director command bar display, Altitude Preselect (ALTS) capability,

Heading (HDG) reference selection, and bank limit indications for the ESP function.

The PFD displays AFCS reference values and bugs for Vertical Speed (VS) and Indicated

Airspeed (IAS) modes. Nav source selection can be performed on the PFD and the

GFC 600 will couple to the selected source for guidance. The G500/G600 TXi systems

include an Air Data Computer which provides airspeed and baro-corrected altitude to

the AFCS. This is particularly beneﬁcial when operating in Altitude Hold (ALT) mode

because the autopilot will automatically synchronize to small changes resulting from

an updated altimeter setting.

The GDU 700L is a dedicated Engine Indicating System (EIS) display.

G500/G600 TXi

Reference the latest G500/G600 TXi Pilot’s Guide for more detail about features

related to AFCS.

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C 7

System Overview

ASPEN EFD1000

The Aspen EFD1000 can provide Flight Director command bar display, Heading (HDG)

reference selection, and Nav source selection functions. The GFC 600 will couple to

the selected nav source for guidance including when the EFD1000 is operated in GPSS

mode.

Reference the Aspen EFD1000 Pilot’s Guide for operational details about features

related to autopilot interfaces.

GPS NAVIGATORS

The GFC 600 can accept guidance from a variety of panel mount GPS navigators

including those that provide Roll Steering and Glidepath commands and older models

that provide only basic lateral course deviation for guidance. The WAAS-enabled

Garmin GNS and GTN series navigators also provide an interface to the GMC 605 that

supports improved aircraft attitude computation, thereby enhancing AFCS performance

and increasing the availability of basic modes in the event of an air data failure.

The GTN 650 is an example of a compatible GPS Navigator:

GTN 650

Reference the applicable Pilot’s Guide for more information about operating the

GPS navigation equipment installed in an aircraft.

NOTE: If there is more than one navigation source (GPS and/or VHF Nav)

installed it is the responsibility of the user to understand the nav source

selection mechanism and ensure that the GFC 600 is coupled to the

intended source guidance.

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C

8

System Overview

VHF NAV RADIOS

The GFC 600 can accept VOR/Localizer and Glideslope guidance from a variety of

VHF Nav receivers including stand-alone radios and those that are included as part of

a Nav-Com or GPS-Nav-Com integrated navigator.

The GNC 255 is an example of a compatible VHF Nav receiver:

GNC 255

Reference the applicable Pilot’s Guide for more information about operating the VHF

Nav equipment installed in an aircraft.

HORIZONTAL SITUATION INDICATORS (HSI)

The GFC 600 can accept Heading commands and Course inputs from a variety of

HSIs including mechanical instruments such as the Bendix King KI 525A and Century

NSD360A and electronic HSI displays such as the Sandel SN3500/4500.

DIRECTIONAL GYROS (DG)

If GFC 600 is installed in an aircraft without an HSI, the system can accept Heading

commands from a variety of popular DGs that have a compatible interface. These

installations do not provide a Course input to the GFC 600, therefore whenever the

user selects a NAV or APR mode on the GMC 605 the Heading bug must be manually

set to align with the Course pointer on the CDI.

AUDIO PANEL

The GFC 600 can interface to a wide variety of audio panels to provide aural alerts

including the AP Disconnect tone and low Airspeed warning. The AFCS aural alerts

cannot be muted or deselected via the audio panel controls. In addition to the audio

panel interface, a Sonalert aural tone generator must be included with most GFC 600

installations to ensure the AP Disconnect aural is heard by the pilot if the audio panel

fails or suffers a loss of power.

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C 9

System Overview

The GMA 345 is an example of a compatible audio panel:

GMA 345

GTX 335/345(R) WITH GPS OPTION

The GTX 335/345(R) transponders with GPS Option can provide an interface to the

GMC 605 that supports improved aircraft attitude computation, thereby enhancing

AFCS performance and increasing the availability of basic modes in the event of an air

data failure.

GTX 345

Garmin GFC 600 Pilot’s Guide

190-01488-00 Rev. C

10

System Overview

1.4 AFCS CONTROLS

GMC 605

9 10 11 12 13

6

3

2

4 5

14

7

8

1

GMC 605 AFCS Mode Controller

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