White Paper
In- and outdoor antennas
Author: Rolf Leukel
Date, Version: 0.5 Draft , 19. April 2005
Introduction..............................................................................................................................................................................................2
Outdoor solutions: ...................................................................................................................................................................................2
Directional antennas and cables for outdoor solutions: ......................................................................................................................2
Antenna 1: Dual band patch antenna with 13,5 dBi / 15,5 dBi gain (2,4GHz / 5GHz)....................................................................2
Antenna 2: Single band dish antenna for 2,4 GHz, 22,2 dBi gain, 60cm diameter.........................................................................2
Antenna 3: Single band patch antenna for 5 GHz, 23 dBi gain, 45cm x 45 cm..............................................................................2
Surge arrester: Dual band surge arrester can be used for 2,4 GHz and 5 GHz, with N plug and N jack.......................................2
Jumper cable RTNC Plug- N Plug:.................................................................................................................................................3
Antenna cable N plug – N jack: ......................................................................................................................................................3
Cable losses:..................................................................................................................................................................................3
e.i.r.p. and regulatories:..................................................................................................................................................................3
Fade Margin:...................................................................................................................................................................................3
Ack Window:...................................................................................................................................................................................4
Matrix of outdoor solutions 2,4 GHz:...................................................................................................................................................4
Matrix of outdoor solutions 5 GHz:......................................................................................................................................................4
Material list:.....................................................................................................................................................................................5
2,4 GHz indoor antenna solutions:......................................................................................................................................................6
Omnidirectional:..............................................................................................................................................................................6
Directional:......................................................................................................................................................................................6
Cables – RSMA-RTNC:..................................................................................................................................................................7
Cables – RTNC:..............................................................................................................................................................................8
Overview of available cables and connector types:............................................................................................................................9
2
Introduction:
This paper describes how you can find the right antenna and cable. By using different kind of antennas and cables many different
applications can be realized from indoor radio coverage to outdoor Point to Point or Point to Multipoint links. Most of the application
can be realized by using a few cables and antennas.
Outdoor solutions:
The outdoor solutions are based on the Wx000 Series and RTNC connectors, and by using an RSMA adapter they can also be used
with other Funkwerk-EC products also, e.g. ComPoint Butterfly, X2250, X2301w etc. which are equipped with an RSMA jack. The TX
Power must be adjusted according to the used antenna solution and existing regulations, to not exceed the limit of 20dBm e.i.r.p.
(2,4 GHz) and 23dBm (5Ghz, with Master-Slave DFS) in Europe. In the following pages you can find some solutions, which vary in
distance, data rate, antenna cable length, and frequency band. You can decide which suits your needs best by using this table or the
online configuration tool on the Funkwerk-ec Website.
Directional antennas and cables for outdoor solutions:
Funkwerk offers 3 kinds of outdoor antennas, with different sizes and gains. All antennas can be mounted at walls or poles and have
N jack.
Antenna 1: Dual band patch antenna with 13,5 dBi / 15,5 dBi gain (2,4GHz / 5GHz)
Can be used for 2,4 and 5 GHz links, just by setting the frequency in the Wx000 device. Small, light weight antenna for smaller
distances (~0,5 … 1km depending on speed and frequency).
Antenna 2: Single band dish antenna for 2,4 GHz, 22,2 dBi gain, 60cm diameter
Closed dish antenna with high gain, for higher distances (~1 … 7,5km, depending on speed).
Antenna 3: Single band patch antenna for 5 GHz, 23 dBi gain, 45cm x 45 cm
Small patch antenna due to 5 GHz operating frequency. Ideal for use in areas with interference resulting from other 2,4GHz systems,
for medium to higher distance (~0,5 … 7km, depending on speed).
Antenna 1 Antenna 2 Antenna 3
Surge arrester: Dual band surge arrester can be used for 2,4 GHz and 5 GHz, with N plug and N jack.
Caution: The surge arrester must be grounded properly!
3
Jumper cable RTNC Plug- N Plug:
connects the device (Wx000) to the surge arrester, 50cm high quality, high flexible low loss cable.
RTNC plug N plug
Antenna cable N plug – N jack:
connects the antenna to the surge arrester, available in 5m and 20m high quality, high flexible low loss cable. Two or more cables
can be connected in series to increase length at reduced distances.
Cable losses:
Typical cable loss: 0,266dB/m@2,44GHz; 0,426dB/m@5,5GHz
Typical connector loss: 0,125dB@2,44GHz; 0,25dB@5,5GHz
Cable losses of assembled cables:
0,5m RTNC Plug – N Plug: 0,4dB@2,44GHz; 0,7dB@5,5GHz
5m N Plug – N jack: 1,6dB@2,44GHz; 2,6dB@5,5GHz
20m N Plug – N jack: 5,6dB@2,44GHz; 9dB@5,5GHz
Insertion loss of surge arrester: 0,5dB@2,44GHz; 0,9dB@5,5GHz
e.i.r.p. and regulatories:
In Europe the maximum e.i.r.p. (Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power) must not exceed 20dBm @2,4GHz!
At 5 GHz the regulatories are different from country to country. Usually 23dBm must not be exceeded when using Master-Slave DFS
(Dynamic Frequency Selection).
To calculate the maximum RF power subtract Antenna gain and add the cable losses to max. e.i.r.p.
Example, Solution1: Ant. Gain is 13,5dBi@2,4GHz, the cable Loss is (0,7+0,4+0,5+1,6)dB=3,2dB. This results in a maximum
transmit power (in dBm) of 20-13,5+3,2=9,7. If this power can’t be set, you must use the next smaller value, e.g. 9dBm.
Fade Margin:
Definition: The difference between the receiver signal input level and the receiver sensitivity. Fade margin is usually considered the
safety factor allowing the system to remain operating under additional forms of attenuation.
We recommend a fade Margin of ~8 … 10 dB for 2,4 GHz systems and around 6dB for 5 GHz systems (due to a lower noise level).
The fade margin can be set to zero, but this can result in a unstable system, lower data rates and losses of connectivity.
4
Ack Window:
For distances of 1km and more you must adjust the time for the “Ack Window”, otherwise the transmission will fail due to the fact that
the delay of the signal will cause time outs. For each km set the value to 10, e.g. 20 for 2 km, 55 for 5,5km. For distances below 1 km
you usually won´t need to adjust this value. Please refer to the user´s manual how to set this value.
Matrix of outdoor solutions 2,4 GHz:
Green: with ~9dB fade margin, with surge arrester (recommended)
Red: fade margin ~0, with surge arrester (not recommended)
50cm cable RTNC-N connector + 5m or 20m N connector
Total cable loss per side is around 3,15dB@5m or 7,15dB@20m including 0,7dB Pigtail inside the device (Wx000).
2,4 GHz
Data rate
Mbps
Dis-
tance
km
fade
margin
dBm
Dis-
tance
km
fade
margin
dBm
Tx Power
(conduc-
ted) dBm
Tx Power
e.i.r.p.
dBm
Rx Sens.
dBm Signal dBm Antenna
Solution 1 54 0,35 9,6 1 0,5 9 19,3 -71 -61,4 1
5,5m cable 36 0,8 9,4 2,3 0,2 9 19,3 -78 -68,6 1
24 1,3 9,2 3,7 0,1 9 19,3 -82 -72,8 1
12 2,5 9,5 7,5 0,0 9 19,3 -88 -78,5 1
6 4 9,4 11,8 0,0 9 19,3 -92 -82,6 1
Solution 2a 54 0,7 9,0 1,9 0,3 5 20,0 -71 -62,0 2
20,5m cable 36 1,5 9,4 4,4 0,0 5 20,0 -78 -68,6 2
24 2,5 8,9 7 0,0 5 20,0 -82 -73,1 2
12 5 8,9 14 0,0 5 20,0 -88 -79,1 2
6 7,5 9,4 22 0,1 5 20,0 -92 -82,6 2
Solution 2b 54 1 9,9 3 0,3 1 20,0 -71 -61,1 2
5,5m cable 36 2,5 8,9 7 0,0 1 20,0 -78 -69,1 2
24 4 8,8 11 0,1 1 20,0 -82 -73,2 2
12 8 8,8 22 0,0 1 20,0 -88 -79,2 2
6 12 9,3 35 0,0 1 20,0 -92 -82,7 2
Matrix of outdoor solutions 5 GHz:
Green: with ~6dB fade margin, with surge arrester (recommended)
Red: fade margin ~0, without surge arrester and with 50cm cable only (not recommended, surge arrester is mandatory when used
in exposed positions).
Blue: Power setting: maximum.
50cm cable RTNC-N connector + 5m N connector
5Ghz
Data rate
Mbps
Dis-
tance
km
fade
margin
dBm
Dis-
tance
km
fade
margin
dBm
Tx Power
(conduc-
ted) dBm
Tx Power
e.i.r.p.
dBm
Rx Sens.
dBm Signal dBm Antenna
Solution 1 54 0,14 6,3 0,5 0,4 13,7 17,6 -69 -62,7 1
5,5m cable 36 0,4 6,5 1,5 0,2 16 19,9 -76 -69,5 1
24 0,6 6,0 2,1 0,2 16 19,9 -79 -73,0 1
12 1,6 6,1 5,4 0,0 17,6 21,5 -86 -79,9 1
6 2,5 6,2 8,6 0,0 17,6 21,5 -90 -83,8 1
Solution 3 54 0,6 6,0 1,7 0,1 11 22,4 -69 -63,0 3
5,5m cable 36 1,3 6,3 3,8 0,1 11 22,4 -76 -69,7 3
24 1,9 6,0 5,4 0,0 11 22,4 -79 -73,0 3
12 4,2 6,1 12 0,1 11 22,4 -86 -79,9 3
6 6,7 6,0 19 0,1 11 22,4 -90 -84,0 3
The above Matrixes show that the distance can be increased by decreasing the fade margin. 6 dB stronger signal results in double
distance. This means the distance can be doubled, by losing 6dB signal strength. This might work in certain installations, but it might
also result in a very unstable or non-performant link.
5
Material list:
In order to make finding of the right solution as easy as possible we provide the lists of material for these solutions.
Solution 1: Qty. Art.No.: Name Type
2 x 700153 artem W-1000 AccessPoint
2 x 600513 ANT-N-D-13/15-dual Antenna
2 x 600507 CAB-RTNC-N-0,5m Pigtail
2 x 600499 ACC-EMP-N-dual Surge Arrester
2 x 600508 CAB-N-5m 5m cable
Solution 2a:
2 x 700153 artem W-1000 AccessPoint
2 x 600515 ANT-N-D-22-2G Antenna
2 x 600507 CAB-RTNC-N-0,5m Pigtail
2 x 600499 ACC-EMP-N-dual Surge Arrester
2 x 600509 CAB-N-20m 20m cable
Solution 2b:
2 x 700153 artem W-1000 AccessPoint
2 x 600515 ANT-N-D-22-2G Antenna
2 x 600507 CAB-RTNC-N-0,5m Pigtail
2 x 600499 ACC-EMP-N-dual Surge Arrester
2 x 600508 CAB-N-5m 5m cable
Solution 3:
2 x 700153 artem W-1000 AccessPoint
2 x 600516 ANT-N-D-23-5G Antenna
2 x 600507 CAB-RTNC-N-0,5m Pigtail
2 x 600499 ACC-EMP-N-dual Surge Arrester
2 x 600508 CAB-N-5m 5m cable
6
2,4 GHz indoor antenna solutions:
Omnidirectional:
Art. No: 600518, ANT-Omni-5-2G-1,2m
5 dBi antenna gain, incl. cable loss ~4dBi, with 1,2m
cable and RTNC plug, for universal use in- and outdoor
Antenna: Art. No: 600217, ANT-N-Omni-4-2G
Cable: Art. No: 600507, CAB-RTNC-N-0,5m
4 dBi gain, with N jack, for ceiling mount. Needs cable 600507
to connect to devices with RTNC like Wx000
Directional:
Art. No: 600512, ANT-D-8/11-dual-0,2m
Dual band antenna, can be used either in 2,4 GHZ or 5 GHz installations just by switching the operating mode in the Wx000 device.
Gain is 8,5dBi at 2,4 GHz, or 10,5 dBi at 5 GHz. This antenna can be used for sectors or short distance Point to Point connections.
The Antenna comes with a 20cm cable and RTNC plug, and can either be connected directly to a Wx000 or other device with RTNC,
or extended with an RTNC cable.
7
Cables – RSMA-RTNC:
In the product portfolio of Funkwerk Enterprise Communications you will find two kinds of connectors at the devices. One type is
RSMA, and the other is RTNC. RSMA is used mainly in smaller devices because of it’s smaller size. RTNC is used in most industrial
products and Wx000.
Examples of products with RSMA connector:
If a special antenna needs to be connected to this devices, an adapter must be used. Actually there are three kinds of adapters
defined. All three have RSMA plug and RTNC jack. This makes it possible to use any antenna (also the outdoor antennas) with
devices equipped with RSMA jack.
RSMA jack – plug RTNC jack (normal or bulkhead)
The three kinds of adapters are:
Art. No: 600505, CAB-RSMA-RTNC-0,2m
20cm jumper cable, which can be used to simply adapt from RTNC to RSMA
Cable Loss: 0,4dB@2,4GHz, 0,7dB@5,5GHz
Art. No: 600503, CAB-RSMA-RTNC-1m
1m Bulkhead extender with high quality, high flexible low loss cable, which can be used to connect through an enclosure like e.g. a
cabinet. The RTNC jack can be fixed with a nut.
Cable loss: 0,5dB@2,4GHz, 0,9dB@5,5GHz
Art. No: 600504, CAB-RSMA-RTNC-3m
Same as above, but 3m instead of 1m.
Cable loss: 1dB@2,4GHz, 1,8dB@5,5GHz
8
Cables – RTNC:
The connector type RTNC is used in ComPoint Enterprise, artem Wx000, and some types of ComPoint Industrial. Some Examples:
Some antennas with RTNC plug can be connected directly to the devices, however, if the cable needs to be extended, we offer three
lengths of extension cables. Cable losses are not that critical in indoor environment than in outdoor environment, because the
distances are usually smaller and cables shorter.
Art. No: 600500, CAB-RTNC-1m
1m extension cable with high quality, high flexible low loss cable with RTNC plug and TNC jack.
Cable loss: 0,5dB@2,4GHz, 0,9dB@5,5GHz
Art. No: 600501, CAB-RTNC-3m
Same as above, but 3m length.
Cable loss: 1dB@2,4GHz, 1,8dB@5,5GHz
Art. No: 600502, CAB-RTNC-5m
Same as above, but 5m length.
Cable loss: 1,6dB@2,4GHz, 2,6dB@5,5GHz
9
Overview of available cables and connector types:
This overview should make it easy to identify the different connector types. At some cables you can identify the connector by its
color. RTNC: blue, N: black, RSMA: white
Connector 1 Connector 2 Available lengths and order details:
50cm: 600507, CAB-RTNC-N-0,5m
R-TNC plug (male, blue) N plug (male, black)
5m: 600508, CAB-N-5m
20m: 600509, CAB-N-20m
N plug (male, black) N jack (female, black)
1m: 600500, CAB-RTNC-1m
3m: 600501, CAB-RTNC-3m
5m: 600502, CAB-RTNC-5m
R-TNC plug (male, blue) R-TNC jack (female, blue)
1m: 600503, CAB-RSMA-RTNC-1m
3m: 600504, CAB-RSMA-RTNC-3m
R-SMA plug (male, white) R-TNC bulkhead extender (female, blue)
20cm: 600505, CAB-RSMA-RTNC-0,2m
R-SMA plug (male, white) R-TNC jack (female, blue)
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