Teledyne 633 User manual

Brand: Teledyne

Model: 633

Type: User manual



Model 633

Aethalometer

Black Carbon Monitor

User Manual



9480 CARROLL PARK DRIVE

SAN DIEGO, CA 92121-5201

USA

Toll-free Phone: 800-324-5190

Phone: 858-657-9800

Fax: 858-657-9816

Email: [email protected]

Website: http://www.teledyne-api.com/

Teledyne Advanced Pollution Instrumentation 23 April 2013

07645A DCN6170 i

NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT

and edited with permission from Aerosol d.o.o./Magee Scientific. All rights

reserved.

TRADEMARKS

The Aethalometer

is a registered trademark of Magee Scientific and the

instrument is manufactured by Aerosol d.o.o. in Slovenia. All other

trademarks, registered trademarks, brand names or product names appearing

in this document are the property of their respective owners and are used

herein for identification purposes only.

Model 633 Aethalometer

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Thispageintentionallyleftblank.



07645A DCN6170 iii

TABLEOFCONTENTS



1 INTRODUCTION 5

1.1 Description 5

1.1.1 ‘DualSpot™’ Technology 6

1.1.2 Automatic Zero and Span 10

1.1.3 User and Communications Interfaces 11

1.1.4 Modular Construction 12

1.2 Technical Specifications 13

1.3 Functional Description 14

2 SAFETY NOTES and LABELS 21

3. INSTRUMENT INSTALLATION 25

3.1 Unpacking the system 25

3.2 The sampling line 25

3.3 Powering on the Aethalometer 27

3.4 Filter tape installation 29

3.4 Manually lifting/lowering chamber optical head 36

4 USER INTERFACE, SETTINGS and OPERATION 37

4.1 User interface and settings 37

4.2 Instrument Status 39

Single Sta

tus Condition 40

Multiple Status Conditions 40

4.3 Downloading and Viewing Data 40

Datafilestr

uctureanddescriptionofthefields 41

4.4 Connecting to External Datalogger or PC 43

4.5 Serial Comm

ands for Communication with the Aethalometer 44

4.6 External Devices 45

5 MAINTE

NANCE and SERVICE 47

5.1 Cleaning the cyclone 48

5.2 Leak test 50

5.3 Autom

atic flow meter calibration 51

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5.4 Manual flow meter calibration 55

5.5 Manual stability test 61

5.5 Manual clean air test 61

5.6 Cleaning the optical head 62

5.7 Changing the bypass cartridge filter 65

5.8 Calibrating the tape sensor 68

6 TECHNICAL SUPPORT and CONTACT INFORMATION 71

7 SPARE PARTS LIST 73



07645A DCN6170 5

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1Description



Figure1.TheAethalometer®Model633.



TheModel633representsthe“NextGeneration”versionofthereal‐timeAethalometerrack‐

mountinstrumenttomeasureBlackCarbon(BC)particlesinair.Pleaserefertotheoriginal

MageeScientificAethalometermanual for a full description and background information on

themethod(http://mageesci.com/images/stories/docs/Aethalometer_book_2005.07.03.pdf).



TheModel633Aethalometerincorporatesscientificandtechnicaladvancesdesignedtooffer

improvedmeasurementperformanceversuspreviousversionsoftheAethalometerandother

BC instruments, user features, communications and interface, and the ability to perform

routine performance tests to verify correct operation. Most importantly, the instrument

incorporates the patented DualSpot™ measurement method.  This provides two significant

advantages:eliminationofthechangesinresponsedueto‘aerosolloading’effects;andareal‐

timecalculationofthe‘loadingcompensation’parameterwhichoffers insights into aerosol

opticalproperties,andhasbeeninterpretedinmodelsofaerosoloriginsandaging.



Model 633 Aethalometer

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The Model 633 Aethalometer has been developed with input from the research and

monitoringcommunities,andis designedforreliableoperationunderall conditionsranging

fromstate‐of‐the‐artresearchtocompliancemonitoring.



TheleadinginnovationsincorporatedintotheModel633include:

 The DualSpot™ measurement method, which solves the effects common to all filter‐

based real‐time monitors, in which the instrumental response factor shows a

dependenceontheloadingofmaterialonthefilter.

 Featuresforautomatic‘dynamiczero’testingunderaflowofinternally‐generated

cleanair;‘span’testingoftheresponseoftheopticalsourcesanddetectors;calibration

oftheresponseoftheinternalmassflowmeters,ifanexternalstandardflowcalibrator

is connected; and validation of the photometric response by useofakitof‘Neutral

Density’opticalfilterswhosepropertiesmaybetracedtoreferencestandards.

 Userandcommunicationsinterfaces,permittingremotemonitoringofoperation;data

retrieval;performanceofinternaltests;andreportingof‘state‐of‐health’parameters.

 Modularconstructiondesignedforeaseofroutinemaintenanceservice.



In addition to the above features, the Model 633 Aethalometer offers real‐time aerosol

absorptionanalysisatuptosevenopticalwavelengths,withrapidtimeresolutionto1second

even in multiple‐wavelength mode.  This permits the measurement of optically‐absorbing

aerosols–‘Black’Carbonand‘Brown’Carboncomponentsofparticulate matter – in

applications including routine monitoring of ambient air quality for regulatory purposes;

measurements of the concentration of BC in urban, suburban, regional,ruralandremote

locations;sourcetesting;andlaboratory‐basedresearch.



1.1.1 ‘DualSpot™’ Technology

TheModel633AethalometerusesthepatentedDualSpot™methodtocompensateforthe‘spot

loadingeffect’;andalsotoprovideareal‐timeoutputofthe‘loadingcompensation’parameter,

whichmayprovideadditionalinformationaboutthephysicalandchemicalpropertiesofthe

aerosol.

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

The ‘spot loading effect’ is a variable phenomenon which appearsasagradualreductionof

instrumentalresponseastheaerosoldepositdensityofthefiltertapeincreasesfromzeroto

thepredeterminedlimitof‘MaximumAttenuation’(Gundel1984,Weingartner2003,Arnott

2005,Virkkula2007, Kanaya2008).Whenthefiltertape advancestoa freshspot,thedata

undergoesadiscontinuousjumpfromitspreviouslowervalue,calculatedwhenthespotwas

heavilyloaded;toahighervalue,calculatedfromcollectiononafreshspotatzeroloading.In

the Aethalometer the reduction of data at increasing loadings is well described by a linear

functionofattenuation,butitsmagnitudecannotbepredicted:someaerosolsinsome

locations in some seasons may show a small or zero ‘loading effect’; while under other

conditions, the effect may be larger and noticeable.  Empirically, it is found that fresher

aerosolsclosertotheircombustionsourceswillshowalarger‘spotloadingeffect’;whilewell‐

agedaerosolsunderatmosphericconditionsofhighchemicalactivityandoxidativeprocessing

may show an almost zero effect.  The effect is revealed statistically by processing data

collected over a large number of tape advances, representingmanydatapointscollectedat

loadings(‘ATNvalues’)rangingfromzerotothepresetmaximum.Thedataiscollectedinto

binsaccordingtoloading(attenuation,ATN).Ifthereisasystematic reduction of the

calculatedresultasafunctionofloading,thedatawillshowaclearnegative slope,withthe

interceptrepresentingthe‘zeroloading’value.Figure2illustratestwodatasetsfromurban

locationswithloadingeffectseitherpresentornot.



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

Figure2.Aethalometerdatasortedandaveragedaccordingtoloading(attenuation,ATN)onspot–

roadsidelocationinLondon,UK(top);urbansiteinBoston(Roxbury),USA(bottom).



TheLondondatashowasystematicreductionatincreasingloadings;whiletheBostondatado

not.Thisdemonstratesthatanymethodintendedtocompensateforthe‘spotloadingeffect’

mustbeauto‐adaptiveandabletoadjustdynamicallytodifferentsituations.Aninstrument

basedonfirmwarewithafixed‘loadingnon‐linearity’parameterwillnotoperatecorrectlyat

alllocations.The‘loadingnon‐linearity’parametermustbemeasured.

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

Itisclearthattheeffect,whenpresent,islinearwithloading(‘ATN’).Thiscanberepresented

as:



BC(reported)=BC(zeroloading)*{1‐k•ATN}



where BC (zero loading) is the desired ambient BC value that would be obtained in the

absenceofanyloadingeffect;andkisthe‘loadingcompensation parameter’ (similar to

Virkkula,2007).



The analysis of a large number of datasets from a wide variety oflocationsshowsthatthis

relationshipislinearinallcasesstudied;butwithdifferentvaluesofk.Itisthereforepossible

toeliminatethe‘loadingeffect’ofkbymakingtwosimultaneousidenticalmeasurementsBC1

andBC2atdifferentdegreesofloadingATN1andATN2.



BC1=BC*{1‐k•ATN1}

BC2=BC*{1‐k•ATN2}



Fromthesetwolinearequationswemaycalculatethe‘loadingcompensation parameter’ k;

andthedesiredvalueofBCcompensatedbacktozeroloading.



The Model 633 Aethalometer analyzes the Black Carbon component of aerosols on two

parallel spots drawn from the same input stream, but collected at different rates of

accumulation,i.e.atdifferentvalues of ATN.  By combiningthedataaccordingtotheabove

equations,theModel633yieldsthevalueofBCextrapolatedbackto‘zeroloading’;aswellasa

real‐timeoutputofthe‘loadingcompensationparameter’kwhichprovidesinsightsintothe

aerosolnatureandcomposition.Thisprocessisperformedinreal time for all wavelengths:

examinationofthe‘k’valuesasafunctionofwavelengthprovidesfurtherinformationabout

the aerosol composition. An example of this is shown for extreme concentrations of black

carbon(Figure3).



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2000 3000 4000

20000

40000

60000

80000

BC concentration (ng/m

)

time (sec)

IR, 1 second

raw BC1

raw BC2

compensated BC



Figure3.Thetimeseriesof633rawandcompensatedBCconcentrationswith1secondtimebase–note

theextremeconcentrationsandloadingeffects.



1.1.2 Automatic Zero and Span

The Model 633 Aethalometer is capable of automatically checking the ‘zero‐air’ response of

the instrument under dynamic operating conditions.  This test is implemented by back‐

flushingtheinletconnectionwithanexcessflowofinternally‐filteredairandcirculatingthe

filteredairintheinstrument.Thedatareportedduringthisperiodareanalyzedforthemean

value and the point‐to‐pointvariation. Themean valueshould beclosetozerounderideal

conditions;anypositivevaluegreaterthanzerorepresentstheleakageofBC‐containingroom

air into the instrument’s analytical zone.  The point‐to‐point variation represents the

instrument’smeasurementnoiselevelunderactualoperatingconditionsofactualflow–i.e.,a

‘dynamic’test.Thepoint‐to‐pointvariationforthewavelength370nmatthetime‐basesetto

onesecondisabout125ng/m3,whichtranslatestoacoupleofng/m3at1minutetime

resolution(Figure4).

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-500

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

14:30:00 14:35:00 14:40:00 14:45:00 14:50:00 14:55:00 15:00:00 15:05:00 15:10:00

1 second time-base

30 per. Mov. Avg. (1 second time-

base)

131 ng/m

119 ng/m

Point-to-point variation @ 1 second:

126 ng/m



Figure4.‘Zeroair’check–theModel633Aethalometerswitchesfromsamplingambientairtofiltered

air–1secondtimeresolutionpointtopointvariationisverystable.

TheresponseoftheopticaldetectorsoftheModel633Aethalometermaybeverifiedusinga

standardkitofNeutralDensityopticalfilters.Theseareglasselementswitharangeofknown

and stable optical absorptions, from light to dark, which are traceable from manufacturing

records back to primary standards.  When these are inserted into the Model 633

Aethalometer, its photodetectors will give a certain output signal.Thestabilityand

reproducibility of the relationship between optical signal and ND Filter density from one

validationtesttoanother;andthecomparisonwiththeoriginalfactoryvalues;isameasureof

theconsistencyofperformanceoftheinstrument’soptics.

1.1.3 User and Communications Interfaces

The Model 633 Aethalometer incorporates the following user, data and communications

features:

• 21‐cm(8.25”)colorgraphicstouch‐screenfordatadisplayandlocaluserinterface;

• USBportsforinsertionofamemorystickforlocaldatadownload;

• USBportsforconnectionofakeyboard,ifnecessaryforinitial setup of parameters,

suchasstationidentification;

• RS‐232 COM ports for data transmission from auxiliary instrumentsortothedigital

datalogger;

(Ethernetportinstalledforfuturesoftwareimplementation).

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1.1.4 Modular Construction

TheModel633Aethalometerisconstructedwithamodulardesign,sothatsub‐unitsmaybe

easilyserviced.Theonlyitemrequiringattentioninroutineuseiscleaningoftheoptical

inserttoremoveaccumulateddustorothercontaminationwhichmaybebroughtinwiththe

sampleairstream.Theopticalchamberisattachedwithabayonetfittingforquickremoval;

easy cleaning; and reliable re‐assembly.  The entire instrument is hermetically sealed to

reducetheentryofdust.

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1.2TechnicalSpecifications



Operation:

 Supplyvoltage:100‐240V~,50/60Hz

 Maxpowerconsumption:90W

 Measurementwavelengths:370,470,525,590,660,880and940nm

 Airflow:adjustable2,3,4and5LPM

Environmentaloperatingconditions:

 Indooruse

 Altitude:upto3000mwithinternalpump,otherconfigurationspossible

 Temperaturerange:10–40degreesCelsius(instrument)

 Relativehumidityrange:non‐condensing

Mechanicalspecification:

 Chassismaterial:sheetmetal

 Frontplatematerial:plastic

 Dimensions:standard19”/6U,rackmount

 Weight:approx.20kg

Connectors:

 Samplingair:inlet/outlettype–¼”NTPF

 Communication:3xUSBtypeA,3xRS‐232COM,1xEthernet

Userinterface:

 8.4”SVGAdisplaywithLEDbacklight

 Basiccontrol:touch‐screen

 Optionalcontrol:standardPCkeyboardandmouse

 Red,Yellow,RedstatusLEDs

Datastoragecapacity:10+years,at1‐minuteintervals



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1.3FunctionalDescription

TheModel633featuresmodulardesignandiscomposedofseveralsubsystemswhichareso

interconnected that most simple and safe handling of the instrument is possible. Presented

hereareafunctionalblockdiagramfollowedbyaflowdiagram.



Figure5.Model633functionalblockdiagram

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

ENCLOSURE

The Model 633 enclosure is very robust and made from sheet metal.Theenclosure

mechanicallyprotectsthedelicateinnermeasurementparts.Thedimensionsoftheenclosure

meettherackmountstandardfortheinstrumentation.



POWERSUPPLY

Thepowersupply moduleiscomposedofthe mainsinlet,the powersupplyelectronicsand

thecoolingfan.Sincethepowersupplyelectronicsheatsup,itismechanicallyintegratedina

separatedandthermallysealedarea.



MAINSINLET

ThemainsinletacceptsstandardEU,USorUKsupplycords.Itiscomposedoftheinletitself,

theEMCfilter,themainfuseandtheprimaryON/OFFswitch.Theswitchisapartofthepower

supplymodule.



COOLINGFAN

Thecoolingfanisalsoapartofthepowersupplymodule.Thecontrolelectronicsmeasures

thetemperatureofthepowersupplyareaandswitchesonandoffthecoolingfan.



MAINCOMPUTER

Themaincomputerprocessoralsogeneratesquitealotofheat.Itisintegratedinthepower

supplyareasoitcanbecooleddowntogetherwiththepowersupplyelectronics.Thehighest

level control software and the user interface are implemented on the main, PC based

computer.



ELECTRONICBOARDS

The system features modular design so the electronics is composed of various electronics

boardswhichmechanicallyfittogetherwithothermechanicalmodules.Thelowlevelcontrol

firmware is implemented with microcontrollers, which are located on separate electronic

boardssoparallelrealtimedataprocessingispossible.

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

ETHERNETCONNECTOR

The Ethernet connector allows the connection of the Model 633 measurement system to

Ethernetbasedcommunicationnetworks.



COM1,COM2,COM3CONNECTORS

TheCOMconnectorsallowtheconnectionofthesystemtoRS232baseddevices,likeexternal

sensorsordataloggers.



USBCONNECTOR(rearpanel)

TheUSBconnectorallowstheconnectionofthesystemtoUSBbased devices, like external

sensorsordataprocessingunits.



AIRINLETandOUTLETCONNECTORS

Theairinletandoutletconnectorallowstheconnectionoftheinstrumenttoexternalairflow

system. The measured air enters the instrument through the inlet connector and leaves the

instrumentthroughtheoutletconnector.



BALLVALVE

The ball valve is an electrically actuated valve which is connected directly to the inlet

connectorandconnectsorseparatestheinstrumentfromtheexternalairsystem.



CRC

The CRC (also called muffler) is a filter used to decrease the noise in the airflow which is

createdbymechanicalrotationofthepump.



AIRPUMP

The air pump pumps the measured air through the inlet connector, directly to the

measurementchamber.Itisoneofthemaincomponentsinthesystem.



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FLOWMETERS

Twoflow metersmeasure theairflow indifferentpointsinthesystem.One ofthemis used

alsointheairflowregulationloop.



SOLENOIDVALVES

Threesolenoidvalvesareusedtoswitchtheairflowthroughdifferentairflowpathswhenthe

instrumentissetindifferentoperatingmodeslikemeasure,tapeadvanceorsimilar.



CHAMBERLIFTMECHANISM

Thechamberliftmechanismallowsthemeasurementchambertobe lifted manually or

electromechanically. During tape advance the automated chamber lift procedure isinvoked.

During tape replacement the manual chamber lift procedure can be engaged. The manual

chamberliftmechanismfeaturesalsoaspeciallockingmechanismwhich simplifiesthe tape

replacementorchambercleaningprocedure.Themainelectroniccomponentsofthechamber

liftmechanismarethesteppermotorandthechamberliftpositionsensor.



TAPEADVANCEMECHANISM

The advance mechanism allows the instrument to perform automatic tape advances during

measurements.Themainelectronicpartsofthetapeadvancemechanismareasteppermotor

andthetwotapesensors.



ROLLONandUNROLLTAPESPOOLS

Theroll‐onandtheun‐rolltapespoolsholdthemeasurementtape.Duringautomatedtape

advancethetapeunrollsfromtheun‐rollspoolandrollsontheroll‐onspool.Iftheun‐roll

spoolisempty,theeventisdetectedautomaticallythankstothetapesensors.Thetape

replacementproceduremustbeperformedmanuallybytheoperator.Themeasurementtape

isoneofthemainpartsofthesystem.



TAPESENSORS

Thetwotapesensorsareusedbytheinstrumentsoftwaretodetecttheamountoftapeonthe

un‐rollandroll‐onspools.

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

LIGHTSOURCE

ThelightsourceintegratesgroupsofLEDsofdifferentlightwavelengths.Itisoneofthemain

partsofthesystem.



DETECTOR

The detector detects what amount of light passes through the measurement tape. A special

algorithmisusedtocalculatetheblackcarbonconcentrationusingtheinformationfromthe

detectorandtheflowmeter.



FRONTPANELDOOR

Thefrontpaneldoorcanbeopenedwhichallowstheaccesstothe instrument for tape

replacementorchambercleaning.



DISPLAYandTOUCHSCREEN

The display and the touch‐screen are the mainuser interfaces of the instrument.Using this

interface the operator can perform all necessary operations for proper functioning of the

instrument.



USBCONNECTORS(frontpanel)

ThetwoUSBportsonthefrontpaneldoorcanbeusedtoconnectakeyboard,mouseoraUSB

keyfordatadownloadordataupload.



STATUSLEDS

Thered,yellowandgreenstatusLEDsshowthecorrectorincorrect operation of the

instrument. This status is replicated on the screen with the Status Condition (see, 4.2

Instrument Status).



DOORKNOB

Thedoorknobisusedtoopenthefrontpaneldoor.



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Teledyne 633 User manual

Brand: Teledyne

Model: 633

Type: User manual

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Teledyne 633 User manual

Teledyne 633 User manual

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