PSI 8.1L-22L
HEAVY-DUTY
OPERATIONS &
MAINTENANCE
MANUAL
A Product by Power
Solutions International Wood Dale, IL
56100038-1
TP-6716 08/20c
Operation & Maintenance Manual
Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 4
How to Use this Manual ............................................................................................................ 4
Engine Identification ................................................................................................................. 4
Parts and Service ..................................................................................................................... 6
Service Literature ..................................................................................................................... 6
Low-Load Engine Operations ................................................................................................... 6
Certified Engine Emissions Information .................................................................................... 7
US EPA EMISSION CONTROL WARRANTY STATEMENT ................................................... 8
YOUR WARRANTY RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS .................................................................. 8
Operating Instructions ............................................................................................................ 12
Fuel Systems .......................................................................................................................... 12
Governors ............................................................................................................................... 12
Oil Pressure Reading ............................................................................................................. 12
Coolant Temperature .............................................................................................................. 12
Voltage Reading ..................................................................................................................... 13
Tachometer/Hourmeter .......................................................................................................... 13
Starting the Engine ................................................................................................................. 13
NG Fuel Systems ................................................................................................................... 14
Stopping the Engine ............................................................................................................... 14
Fuel Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 14
Fuel Quality ............................................................................................................................ 14
Spark plugs............................................................................................................................. 14
Power Loss at Higher Elevations & Temperatures ................................................................. 15
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS .......................................................................................... 15
Initial Start Up Maintenance ................................................................................................... 15
Routine Maintenance .............................................................................................................. 15
Scheduled Preventive Maintenance ....................................................................................... 15
Engine Oil Level Check .......................................................................................................... 15
Adding Engine Oil ................................................................................................................... 16
Changing Engine Oil and Filter ............................................................................................... 16
Engine Oil Quality ................................................................................................................... 16
Engine Oil Recommendation .................................................................................................. 17
Oil Filter .................................................................................................................................. 17
Engine Air Cleaner ................................................................................................................. 17
Cooling System ...................................................................................................................... 18
Coolant Level .......................................................................................................................... 18
Radiator .................................................................................................................................. 18
Fan Belts ................................................................................................................................ 19
Serpentine Belt ....................................................................................................................... 19
V- Type Belt ............................................................................................................................. 19
Fuel Filter................................................................................................................................ 19
LPG Engines .......................................................................................................................... 19
Fuel Shut-Off .......................................................................................................................... 19
Ignition Systems ..................................................................................................................... 20
2
Types of Ignition Syst
ems...............................
...................................................................... 20
Operation & Maintenance Manual
3
Ignition Timing ........................................................................................................................ 20
Spark Plugs ............................................................................................................................ 20
Storage ................................................................................................................................... 21
One to Six Months .................................................................................................................. 21
Storage-Continued ................................................................................................................. 22
Removing the Engine From Extended Storage ...................................................................... 22
Engine Maintenance Requirements ........................................................................................ 32
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS CHART ............................................................................. 34-35
No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from Power Solutions
International. At the time of publication, all of the information included in this publication is accurate to
the best of our knowledge. Power Solutions International cannot be responsible for information that has
changed after this book was published.
Valve Lash Adjustments.......................................................................................................... 32
Operation & Maintenance Manual
4
Introduction
PSI is pleased that you have selected our engine for your requirements. PSI Engines takes great pride
in our tradition of quality products produced from our line of industrial alternative fuel engines.
Prior to starting the engine at your facility, certain checks should be made. Please read the Initial Start-
Up inspection requirements in the Maintenance Section of this manual. If you have further questions
please contact your PSI account representative or Customer Support Engineer.
How to Use this Manual
This manual contains instructions on the safe operation and preventive maintenance of your PSI heavy-
duty industrial engine. We urge you to read this manual prior to start up or operation of the engine.
The Table of Contents permits you to quickly open the manual to any section.
PSI Engines are built with a variety of standard and/or optional components to suit a broad range of
customer requirements. This manual does not identify equipment as standard or optional. All the
equipment described in this manual may not be found on your engine or power unit.
Please pay special attention to the NOTES, CAUTIONS, and WARNINGS. WARNINGS remind you
to be careful in areas where carelessness can cause personal injury. CAUTIONS are given to prevent
you from error that could cause damage to the equipment. NOTES give you added information
designed to help you.
The descriptions and specifications contained in this manual were in effect at the time of publication.
PSI Engines reserves the right to discontinue models at any time, or to change specifications or design
without notice and without incurring obligation.
Engine Identification
An identification label is affixed to the left side
of the engine block when viewing it from the rear
of the engine. The label contains the engine
model number, base engine part number, date of
build, and PSI heavy-duty serial number. The
PSI heavy-duty serial number is a unique number
that identifies the engine from other PSI engines.
The engine model and serial number are
required when seeking information concerning
the engine and/or ordering replacement service
parts.
Operation & Maintenance Manual
5
The engine is also stamped with the engine
model and serial number. The location of the
stamped number varies depending on engine
size. The pictures to the right show the 3
possible locations of where the engine stamp can
be located.
Operation & Maintenance Manual
6
Parts and Service
Replacement parts can be obtained from PSI Engines by calling the Aftermarket Parts Department at
888-331-5769 or [email protected]. The engine model and serial number will be required when
seeking information and/or ordering parts.
Service and technical support for PSI Engines can be obtained by contacting the Service Department at
888-331-5764 or via email at service@psiengines.com.
Service Literature
Additional operator manuals and service manuals for specific PSI Engines can be obtained by
Low-Load Engine Operations
Operation of PSI HD engines at low-load conditions should be limited to no more than one (1) hour
per twenty-four (24) hour period. If the application requires extended time at light loads, it is
recommended that the engine load be increased to at least 70% of mechanical rating for a minimum of
two (2) hours per fifty (50) hours of low-load operation, this defines a less than 30% of published
prime rate mechanical load.
Exceeding the recommendation can result in:
• Abnormal high engine oil consumption
• Degradation in engine oil due to excessive combustion gas blow-by
• Accumulation of carbon deposits in the engine power cylinder, resulting in knock system
malfunction
• Reduced life of engine power cylinder
Operation & Maintenance Manual
7
Certified Engine Emissions Information
The engine installed in your equipment is certified by POWER SOLUTIONS, INTERNATIONAL, INC.
with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the California Air Resources Board. The engine
assembly is certified by PSI and is installed into your equipment by the equipment manufacturer following
PSI’s installation guidelines. The PSI certified engines have an emission label on or near the valve cover
that identifies the engine emission family and the standards the engine is certified to. The label also
provides some information regarding the maintenance of your engine.
Example Label:
The engine’s emission control system does not require any adjustments, but the engine does require
Preventative Maintenance (PM). Your obligation as the owner of the engine/equipment is to follow the
engine’s PM requirements outlined in this manual and to keep the engine in the proper working order. The
equipment your engine is installed in will have a malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) for diagnosis of the
engine’s emission control system. If this lamp is illuminated it is important to have the engine repaired.
Failure to keep the engine in the proper state of repair can affect the performance of the engine’s emission
control system. Any unapproved modification to the engine’s emission control system may potentially
violate the engine’s emission certification and may be subject to civil penalty.
The equipment manufacturer and/or equipment dealer will be your best resource regarding the proper
support and information pertaining to the PSI certified engine and the equipment. Please contact the
equipment manufacturer or equipment dealer first for questions and further information. You may contact
PSI directly if you are unable to reach the equipment manufacturer or dealer. The PSI Service Department
can be contacted at 888-331-5764.
Your PSI certified engine is covered by an Emission Control System Warrant (Warranty Statement
contained in this section). Your equipment and engine is warranted to you by the equipment manufacturer.
In the event you are unable to receive warranty from the equipment manufacturer or equipment dealer you
can contact PSI directly for assistance with your PSI certified engine emission control system warranty.
The PSI Warranty Department can be contacted at 888-331-5764.
Operation & Maintenance Manual
8
US EPA EMISSION CONTROL WARRANTY STATEMENT
YOUR WARRANTY RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS
The United States Environmental Protection Agency and Power Solutions
International, Inc. are pleased to explain the emission control system warranty on your
2014 or later model year later large spark-ignition (LSI) engine. New LSI engines must be
designed, built and equipped to meet the US EPA's stringent emission standards. Power
Solutions International, Inc. must warrant the emission control system on your LSI engine for
the periods of time listed below provided there has been no abuse, neglect or improper
maintenance of your LSI engine.
Your emission control system may include parts such as the carburetor, regulator or
fuel-injection system, ignition system, engine computer unit (ECM), catalytic converter and air
induction system. Also included may be sensors, hoses, belts, connectors and other
emission-related assemblies.
Where a warrantable condition exists, Power Solutions International, Inc. will repair
your LSI engine at no cost to you including diagnosis, parts and labor.
MANUFACTURER'S WARRANTY COVERAGE
The 2015 and later large spark-ignition engines are warranted for 2500 hours or three
years, whichever occurs first (3500 hours or five years for high cost warranty parts). If any
emission-related part on your engine is defective, the part will be repaired or replaced by
Power Solutions International, Inc.
OWNER'S WARRANTY RESPONSIBILITIES
As the equipment and LSI engine owner, you are responsible for the performance of
the required maintenance listed in your owner's manual. Power Solutions International,
Inc. recommends that you retain all receipts covering maintenance on equipment and LSI
engine, but Power Solutions International, Inc. cannot deny warranty solely for the lack of
receipts or for your failure to ensure the performance of all scheduled maintenance.
As the equipment or LSI engine owner, you should however be aware that Power
Solutions International, Inc. may deny you warranty coverage if equipment or LSI engine or a
part has failed due to abuse, neglect, improper maintenance or unapproved modifications.
Your engine is designed to operate on Natural Gas and/or LPG. Use of any other fuel
may result in your engine no longer operating in compliance with the US EPA’s emissions
requirements.
Operation & Maintenance Manual
9
You are responsible for presenting your equipment or LSI engine to a Power Solutions
International, Inc. distribution center as soon as a problem exists. The warranty repairs
should be completed by the dealer as expeditiously as possible.
If you have any questions regarding your warranty rights and responsibilities, you
should contact Power Solutions International, Inc. via telephone at 1-800-551-2938 or contact
Power Solutions International, Inc. in writing at:
Power Solutions International, Inc.
201 Mittel Dr.
Wood Dale, IL 60191
or
Fax: 888-331-5764
DEFECTS WARRANTY REQUIREMENTS:
(a) The warranty period begins on the date the engine or equipment is delivered to an
ultimate purchaser.
(b) General Emissions Warranty Coverage. Power Solutions International, Inc. must
warrant each LSI engine to the ultimate purchaser and each subsequent owner that
the engine is:
(1) Designed, built, and equipped so as to conform with all applicable regulations
adopted by the US EPA; and
(2) Free from defects in materials and workmanship that causes the failure of a
warranted part for a period of 2500 hours or three years, whichever occurs first
(3500 hours or five years for high cost warranty parts).
(c) The warranty on emissions-related parts will be interpreted as follows:
(1) Any warranted part that is not scheduled for replacement as required
maintenance in the written instructions required by subsection (d) must be
warranted for the warranty period defined in Subsection (b)(2). If any such part
fails during the period of warranty coverage, it must be repaired or replaced by
the manufacturer according to Subsection (4) below. Any such part repaired or
replaced under the warranty must be warranted for the remaining warranty
period.
(2) Any warranted part that is scheduled only for regular inspection in the written
instructions required by subsection (d) must be warranted for the warranty
period defined in Subsection (b)(2). A statement in such written instructions to
the effect of “repair or replace as necessary” will not reduce the period of
warranty coverage. Any such part repaired or replaced under warranty must be
warranted for the remaining warranty period.
(3) Any warranted part that is scheduled for replacement as required maintenance
in the written instructions required by subsection (d) must be warranted for the
period of time prior to the first scheduled replacement point for that part. If the
part fails prior to the first scheduled replacement, the part must be repaired or
replaced by the engine manufacturer according to Subsection (4) below. Any
Operation & Maintenance Manual
10
such part repaired or replaced under warranty must be warranted for the
remainder of the period prior to the first scheduled replacement point for the
part.
(4) Repair or replacement of any warranted part under the warranty must be
performed at no charge to the owner at a warranty station.
(5) Notwithstanding the provisions of Subsection (4) above, warranty services or
repairs must be provided at all manufacturer distribution centers that are
franchised to service the subject engines.
(6) The owner must not be charged for diagnostic labor that leads to the
determination that a warranted part is in fact defective, provided that such
diagnostic work is performed at a warranty station.
(7) The manufacturer is liable for damages to other engine components
proximately caused by a failure under warranty of any warranted part.
(8) Throughout the emissions warranty period defined in Subsection (b)(2), the
manufacturer must maintain a supply of warranted parts sufficient to meet the
expected demand for such parts.
(9) Any replacement part may be used in the performance of any warranty
maintenance or repairs and must be provided without charge to the owner.
Such use will not reduce the warranty obligations of the manufacturer.
(10) Add-on or modified parts that are not exempted by the US EPA and may
not be used. The use of any non-exempted add-on or modified parts will be
grounds for disallowing a warranty claim. The manufacturer will not be liable to
warrant failures of warranted parts caused by the use of a non-exempted add-
on or modified part.
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(d) Emission Warranty Parts List.
(1) Fuel Metering System
(i) Fuel injection system.
(ii) Air/fuel ratio feedback and control system.
(iii) Carburetor system (internal parts and/or pressure regulator or fuel mixer or
injection system).
(2) Air Induction System
(i) Intake manifold(s) or air intake system.
(ii) Turbocharger systems.
(iii) Air filter
(3) Ignition Control System
(i) Engine Wire Harness
(ii) Ignition coil and spark plugs.
(4) Positive Crankcase Ventilation (PCV) System.
(i) PCV Valve.
(5) Catalyst System
(i) Exhaust manifold.
(ii) Catalytic converter. *
(iii) Engine Control Module (ECM). *
(iv) Electronic Pressure Regulator (EPR).
(6) Miscellaneous items Used in Above Systems
(i) Vacuum, temperature, and time sensitive valves and switches.
(ii) Sensors used for electronic controls.
(iii) Hoses, belts, connectors, assemblies, clamps, fittings, tubing, sealing
gaskets or devices, and mounting hardware.
(iv) Pulleys, belts and idlers.
* Indicates high cost warranty item
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12
Operating Instructions
Fuel Systems
The fuel system installed on your engine operates with a Direct Electronic Pressure Regulator (DEPR)
and a diaphragm style variable venturi mixer. The DEPR will regulate the fuel pressure being delivered
to the mixer; these parts are not adjustable and should not be tampered with. Proper inlet fuel pressure
is critical to the proper operation of the fuel system and engine; you should the review the pressure,
volume, and BTU recommendations prior to commissioning the engine.
Governors
PSI HD Engines have an isochronous governor installed. The governor controls the movement of the
throttle via a 0-5 volt signal and a ground provided by the Engine Control Module. The throttle
allows the correct amount of air to enter the engine; this movement is monitored by using 2 throttle
position sensors located internal to the throttle. The ECM monitors various engine sensors to
determine what the correct throttle position should be.
Oil Pressure Reading
The oil pressure reading shows the engine lubrication system pressure in pounds per square inch
(psi) and should be checked frequently to ensure that the system is functioning correctly. Should the
pressure fluctuate or drop, stop the engine and find the cause. Do not operate the engine at lower than
normal oil pressure (see maintenance schedule for minimum engine oil pressure).
CAUTION: Do not continue to operate your engine below the normal operating range. Severe
engine damage could occur.
Coolant Temperature
The coolant temperature reading will indicate overheating which may arise from low coolant level,
plugged radiator, loose fan belt or faulty thermostat. Coolant level should be checked daily.
CAUTION: If the engine continues to overheat, have the cooling system checked and serviced.
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13
Voltage Reading
The PSI HD product operates on a 24 volt electrical system. The voltage reading indicates the battery
charging voltage. If the meter consistently indicates less than 26 volts or more than 31 volts under
normal operating conditions, you should have the engine electrical system checked by a qualified
service technician.
Tachometer/Hourmeter
The tachometer indicates the engine speed in hundreds of revolutions per minute (rpm). It serves, as a
guide to ensure that engine speed is set correctly.
The hour meter records the hours of operation and is used to determine when periodic maintenance is
required.
Starting the Engine
WARNING: All internal combustion engines give off various fumes and gases while running. Do not
start or run the engine in a closed or poorly ventilated building where exhaust gases can accumulate.
Avoid breathing these gases as they may contain poisonous carbon monoxide, which can endanger
your health or life if inhaled steadily for even a few minutes.
If the engine is equipped with a manual clutch it must be disengaged prior to starting the engine.
Starting the engine with the clutch engaged imposes unnecessary strain on the battery, starter, and
driven components.
CAUTION: If the engine stalls or falters during starting, wait 3 to 4 seconds before re-engaging the
starter. This will prevent possible damage to the starter and the engine. DO NOT operate the starter for
periods longer than 30 seconds at a time. An interval of at least 1-minute should be observed between
cranking periods to protect the starter from overheating.
Operation & Maintenance Manual
14
NG Fuel Systems
Turn on the gas supply to the engine. Turn the ignition key to the START position. After the engine
starts return the key to the ON position.
Stopping the Engine
Return the engine to idle speed. If the machine is equipped with a clutch, move the clutch lever to
the disengaged position. Run engine for a few minutes at idle to allow the coolant and oil systems to
cool down before turning the ignition switch to the OFF position.
WARNING: Avoid injury when checking a Hot Engine. Allow the engine to cool down before
removing the radiator cap.
CAUTION: Before restarting the engine ensure that both the coolant system and the engine oil level
have been checked and re-filled if necessary.
Fuel Recommendations
Fuel Quality
For more information on fuel quality please consult PSI Energy Technical Standard 56100019-Fuel
Standard. LPG engines and fuel systems are designed to operate on HD-5 or HD-10 specification LPG
fuel. Fuel other than HD-5 or HD-10 may cause harm to the engine’s emission control system and
a warranty claim may be denied on this basis if operators can readily find the proper fuel. Use of
any other fuel may result in your engine no longer operating in compliance with CARB or EPA
emissions requirements.
Spark plugs
Always use the recommended spark plugs for your engine. Hotter or colder plugs, or similar plugs
that are not exact equivalents to the recommended plugs, can cause permanent engine damage,
reduce the engines useful life, and cause many other problems such as hard starting, spark knock and
run-on. Installing new spark plugs regularly is one of the best ways to keep your engine at peak
performance.
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15
Power Loss at Higher Elevations & Temperatures
All engines will experience power loss when operated at elevations above sea level or at
temperatures above 77 degrees Fahrenheit. For more information please consult PSI Energy
Technical Standard 56100020.
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
Initial Start Up Maintenance
The initial start-up checks must be made before putting the engine into service. Please refer to the
Maintenance Schedule and perform the initial start-up operations in the sequence shown in column 1.
Routine Maintenance
Routine maintenance provides the best solution for making sure that the engine is ready when you
are. The following are some routine service points:
• Make daily checks of the engine oil and coolant levels
• Repair any oil or coolant leaks immediately
• Check battery condition and cables frequently
• Keep the engine air filter clean
• Monitor engine coolant temperature
• Monitor engine oil pressure
• Check voltmeter and charging system
Sche
duled Preventive Maintenance
Refer to the Maintenance Schedule to ensure that all of the maintenance items listed are checked and
replaced as recommended at the hours shown.
Engine Oil Level Check
The engine oil level should be checked daily. It is recommended that the oil be checked just before
the engine is started for the first time for that day. The oil level should be between the ‘Add’ and the
‘Full’ marks on the dipstick.
CAUTION: Do not operate the engine with the oil level below the bottom or ‘Add’ mark on the
dipstick, or above the top or ‘Full’ mark on the dipstick.
Operation & Maintenance Manual
16
Adding Engine Oil
It is normal to add some oil in the period of time between oil changes. The amount will vary with the
severity of operation. When adding or replacing engine oil, be sure the oil meets or exceeds the
recommended specification.
Changing Engine Oil and Filter
The first oil and filter change should occur after 50 hours of operation.
The oil and filter should be changed more often if the engine is operating in dusty or extremely dirty
areas, or during cold weather. No oil additives or break-in oil change is required.
Engine Oil Quality
To achieve proper engine performance and durability, it is important that you use only engine
lubricating oils of the correct quality in your engine. Proper quality oils also provide maximum
efficiency for crankcase ventilation systems, which reduces pollution.
A multi-viscosity, low-ash gas engine oil should be used. Straight weight engine oils are
not recommended. Do not use oils that are formulated only for use in diesel engines.
SAE No.
Sulfated Ash Content by
Weight
Recommended Oil
15w-40 0.25 - 0.5%
Chevron HDAX 5200 Low
Ash Gas Engine Oil
Operation & Maintenance Manual
17
Engine Oil Recommendation
Multi-viscosity oil is recommended. SAE 15W-40 is recommended for your PSI heavy-duty
industrial product. Synthetic oils are not recommended for industrial or stationary engines. The ash
content should be less than 0.5% ash content, the use of a median ash content will void the catalyst
warranty.
Oil Filter
The filter protects your engine from harmful, abrasive, or sludge particles without blocking the flow
of oil to vital engine parts.
To replace the filter, use a proper filter wrench to remove the filter.
Clean the filter mounting base and lightly coat the gasket surface of the new filter with engine oil.
Hand tighten the filter until the gasket contacts the base, then tighten another ½ turn. Fill the engine
with the correct amount of oil and run the engine. Verify oil pressure is okay and check for oil leaks
at the drain plug and oil filter gasket. Tighten as necessary to stop any oil leakage noted.
Engine Air Cleaner
The engine air cleaner filters air entering the engine intake system and acts as a silencer and flame
arrester when assembled to the intake system. Air that contains dirt and grit produces an abrasive fuel
mixture and can cause severe damage to the cylinder walls and piston rings. Damage to the cylinder
walls and piston rings will cause high oil consumption and shorten engine life. Thus, it is extremely
important that the air cleaner be serviced properly at the recommended intervals. PSI recommends
using only UL recognized filter elements to ensure backfire suppression.
CAUTION: Service the air cleaner more frequently under severe dusty or dirty conditions.
Remove the primary air cleaner element from the air cleaner assembly and inspect the element for
foreign material restrictions or signs of excessive wear or damage. Replace the element if necessary.
Remove all dust and foreign matter from the air cleaner housing. Reinstall the air cleaner element.
Reinstall the air cleaner cup, and securely fasten the retaining clips.
Operation & Maintenance Manual
18
Cooling System
Coolant Level
Check the coolant level of the radiator daily and only when the engine is cool. Do this just prior to
starting the engine for the first time each day.
Maintain the coolant level at ¾ to 1½ inches below the filler neck seat of the radiator when the coolant
is cold. Whenever coolant level checks are made inspect the condition of the radiator cap rubber seal.
Make sure it is clean and free of any dirt particles which would keep it from seating on the filler neck
seat. Rinse off with clean water if necessary. Also make sure that the filler neck seat is free of any dirt
particles.
WARNING: Never remove the radiator cap under any conditions while the engine is operating or
hot. Failure to follow these instructions could result in damage to the cooling system, engine, or cause
personal injury. To avoid having scalding hot coolant or steam blow out of the radiator, use extreme
caution when removing the radiator cap from a hot radiator. If possible, wait until the engine has
cooled, then wrap a thick cloth around the radiator cap and turn slowly to the first stop. Step back
while the pressure is released from the cooling system. When all the pressure has been released, press
down on the cap and remove it slowly.
DO NOT add coolant to any engine that has become overheated until the engine cools. Adding coolant
to an extremely hot engine can result in a cracked block or cylinder head.
The engine manufacturer recommends the cooling system be filled with a 50/50 mixture of antifreeze
and water. A NAPS-free coolant (free from nitrates, amines, phosphates and silicates) should be used.
Plain water may be used in an emergency (except in freezing temperatures) but replace it with the
specified coolant as quickly as possible to avoid damage to the system.
Radiator
Inspect the exterior of the radiator for obstructions. Remove all bugs, dirt or foreign material with a
soft brush or cloth. Use care to avoid damaging the core fins. If available, use low pressure compressed
air or a stream of water in the opposite direction of the normal air flow. Check all hoses and
connections for leaks. If any of the hoses are cracked, frayed, or feel spongy, they must be replaced.
Variety
Freezing/Boiling
Point (°F)
Recommended Type
OAT Long-
Life Engine
Coolant
-34 / 265
Chevron Delo XLC
Antifreeze/ Coolant 50/50
Mix
Operation & Maintenance Manual
19
Fan Belts
The water pump is belt driven. The same belt may also drive the fan and/or the alternator. The drive
belts should be properly adjusted at all times. A loose belt can cause improper alternator, fan and
water pump operation, in addition to overheating.
Serpentine Belt
Some PSI HD engines utilize serpentine belts on the front of the engine. This type of belt system
incorporates a belt tensioning device which keeps the belt at the proper tension.
This belt should be checked routinely for cracks or ‘checking’ on the groove side of the belt. If cracks
or ‘checking’ are apparent the belt must be changed.
V-Type Belt
V-Type belts are generally tensioned by adjusting the
alternator, or through a mechanical belt tensioner. The belt is
generally correctly tensioned when there is 10-15 mm of
deflection when pressed down with your thumb.
Fuel Filter
LPG Engines
LP, fuel like all other motor fuels is subject to contamination from outside sources. Refueling of the
equipment tank and removal of the tank from the equipment can inadvertently introduce dirt and other
foreign matter into the fuel system. It is therefore necessary to filter the fuel prior to entering the fuel
system components down stream of the tank. Install a inline fuel filter to remove the dirt and foreign
matter from the fuel, which is replaceable as a unit only. Maintenance of the filter is critical to proper
operation of the fuel system and should be replaced according to the maintenance schedule or more
frequently under severe operating conditions.
Fuel Shut-Off
LPG and NG engines are equipped with a fuel shut-off. The fuel shut-off is located between the fuel
supply and the IEPR/DEPR. The purpose of the fuel shut off is to prevent or allow fuel flow from the
supply source to the engine fuel system. The shut off is a 24-volt solenoid (Normally closed) that is
controlled by the engine ECM.
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20
Ignition Systems
Types of Ignition Systems
PSI heavy-duty engines utilize an ECU controlled, distributor less, 24V ignition system. Using coil-on-
plug ignition, timing wheels and magnetic pick-up sensors mounted on the crank and cam shafts,
allows the ECU to adjust ignition timing automatically. The coils, crank position and cam position
sensors are standard for the entire engine family.
Ignition Timing
Proper adjustment of the ignition timing must be obtained to provide the optimum engine power
output and economy. Ignition timing is controlled by the ECU and is not adjustable. The ignition
coils are driven by the ECU using a table-based variable ignition timing strategy.
NOTE: Do not attempt to adjust timing on the ignition systems. Timing is not adjustable.
Spark Plugs
Spark plugs should be replaced at the recommended intervals described in the Maintenance Schedule.
Use only the recommended spark plug or an equivalent as described in the General Specifications.
Spark plugs are gapped to .016" by the manufacturer and should not be adjusted. Attempting to adjust
the gap could damage the spark plug and result in undesirable engine operation.
When removing spark plugs, always note which cylinder each plug came out of. Look at the porcelain
around the center electrode of each plug. You can detect many engine problems from the color and
type of deposits that have built up on the white porcelain. For example, if the deposits are a glossy
brown, that cylinder is burning excess oil. If the deposits are a very dark gray or sooty black color,
your engine is running rich, and you are burning excess fuel. The optimum color of the deposits on the
porcelain is light tan or light brown. This shows optimum fuel mixture and proper engine running
conditions. If the deposits are almost white, the engine may be running excessively lean.
Lean running is very detrimental to your engine life and should be corrected immediately. If one or
more cylinders are burning oil, the smoke from the engine will be a blue-gray color. Most common
causes are piston rings (worn out or not broken in) and valve stem seals (cut, nicked, or worn out). If
the engine is running rich, the exhaust smoke will be a sooty black color and it will smell like raw fuel.
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