Keysight 772D and 773D
Directional Couplers
Operating and
Service Manual
2 Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual
Notices
Copyright Notice
© Keysight Technologies 2014 - 2019
No part of this manual may be reproduced in
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Manual Part Number
00772-90001
Edition
Edition 3, September 26, 2019
Printed in:
Printed in Malaysia
Published by:
Keysight Technologies
Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone,
11900 Penang, Malaysia
Technology Licenses
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The Software is “commercial computer soft-
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and 27.405-3 and Department of Defense FAR
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government acquires commercial computer
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software is customarily provided to the public.
Accordingly, Keysight provides the Software to
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End User License Agreement (EULA), a copy of
which can be found at http://www.key-
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DFARS 227.7102, the U.S. government
acquires no greater than Limited Rights as
defined in FAR 27.401 or DFAR 227.7103-5 (c),
as applicable in any technical data.
Warranty
THE MATERIAL CONTAINED IN THIS DOCU-
MENT IS PROVIDED “AS IS,” AND IS SUBJECT
TO BEING CHANGED, WITHOUT NOTICE, IN
FUTURE EDITIONS. FURTHER, TO THE MAXI-
MUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE
LAW, KEYSIGHT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRAN-
TIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH
REGARD TO THIS MANUAL AND ANY INFOR-
MATION CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING
BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRAN-
TIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. KEYSIGHT
SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS OR FOR
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
IN CONNECTION WITH THE FURNISHING,
USE, OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS DOCU-
MENT OR OF ANY INFORMATION CONTAINED
HEREIN. SHOULD KEYSIGHT AND THE USER
HAVE A SEPARATE WRITTEN AGREEMENT
WITH WARRANTY TERMS COVERING THE
MATERIAL IN THIS DOCUMENT THAT CON-
FLICT WITH THESE TERMS, THE WARRANTY
TERMS IN THE SEPARATE AGREEMENT
SHALL CONTROL.
Safety Information
CAUTION
A CAUTION notice denotes a hazard. It calls
attention to an operating procedure, practice,
or the like that, if not correctly performed or
adhered to, could result in damage to the
product or loss of important data. Do not pro-
ceed beyond a CAUTION notice until the indi-
cated conditions are fully understood and met.
WARNING
A WARNING notice denotes a hazard. It calls
attention to an operating procedure, practice,
or the like that, if not correctly performed or
adhered to, could result in personal injury or
death. Do not proceed beyond a WARNING
notice until the indicated conditions are fully
understood and met.
Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual 3
Serial Numbers
This instrument has a two-part serial number. The first four digits and the letter comprise the serial
number prefix. The last five digits form a sequential suffix which is unique to each instrument. The
contents of this manual apply directly to instruments having the serial number prefix 2838 and
above.
Safety Symbols
The following symbols on the instrument and in the documentation indicate precautions which
must be taken to maintain safe operation of the instrument.
When you see this symbol on your instrument,
you should refer to the instrument’s
instruction manual for important information.
This symbol indicates hazardous voltages.
The laser radiation symbol is marked on products
that have a laser output.
This symbol indicates that the instrument
requires alternating current (ac) input.
This symbol indicates that the power line switch
is ON.
This symbol indicates that the power line switch
is OFF or in STANDBY position.
4 Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual
Safety Considerations
Read the information below before using this instrument.
The following general safety precautions must be observed during all phases of operation, service,
and repair of this instrument. Failure to comply with these precautions or with specific warnings
elsewhere in this manual violates safety standards for design, manufacture, and intended use of
the instrument. Keysight Technologies assumes no liability for the customer’s failure to comply
with these requirements.
Regulatory Markings
WARNING
SAFETY EARTH GROUND
This is a Safety Class I product (provided with a protective earthing terminal). An
uninterruptible safety earth ground must be provided from the main power source to the
product input wiring terminals, power cord, or supplied power cord set. Whenever it is likely
that the protection has been impaired, the product must be made inoperative and secured
against any unintended operation.
CAUTION
BEFORE APPLYING POWER
Verify that the product is configured to match the available main power source as described
in the input power configuration instructions in this manual. If this product is to be powered
by autotransformer, make sure the common terminal is connected to the neutral (grounded)
side of the ac power supply.
The CE mark is a registered trademark of the
European Community. This CE mark shows that
the product complies with all the relevant
European Legal Directives.
The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the
Canadian Standards Association.
This text indicates that the instrument is an
Industrial Scientific and Medical Group 1 Class A
product (CISPER 11, Clause 4).
THIS PAGE HAS BEEN INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK.
Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual 5
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive
This instrument complies with the WEEE Directive marking requirement. This affixed product label
indicates that you must not discard this electrical or electronic product in domestic household
waste.
Product category:
With reference to the equipment types in the WEEE directive Annex 1, this instrument is classified
as a “Monitoring and Control Instrument” product.
The affixed product label is as shown below.
Do not dispose in domestic household waste.
To return this unwanted instrument, contact your nearest Keysight Service Center, or visit http://
about.keysight.com/en/companyinfo/environment/takeback.shtml for more information.
Sales and Technical Support
To contact Keysight for sales and technical support, refer to the support links on the following
Keysight websites:
–www.keysight.com/find/mta
(product-specific information and support, software and documentation updates)
–www.keysight.com/find/assist
(worldwide contact information for repair and service)
6 Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual
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Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual 7
Table of Contents
Serial Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Safety Symbols . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Safety Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Regulatory Markings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Product category: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Sales and Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
List of Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
772D dual directional coupler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
773D directional coupler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Supplemental characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Effective source match . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Voltage incident on 772D test Port and 773D input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Directivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Calculating 772D error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Initial inspection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Storage and shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Operating Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Using the 772D dual directional coupler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Using the 773D directional coupler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Performance Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Set up and calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Directivity test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Service Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
8 Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual
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Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual 9
List of Figures
Figure 1 772D and 773D directional couplers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Figure 2 Voltage incident on 772D test port and 773D input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Figure 3 Directivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Figure 4 772D error 0.1 to 2.0 GHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Figure 5 772D error 2.0 to 12.4 GHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Figure 6 772D error 12.4 to 18.0 GHz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Figure 7 772D dual direction coupler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Figure 8 773D Directional Coupler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Figure 9 772D/773D performance test setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Figure 10 Use and care of APC-7 connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
10 Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual
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Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual 11
List of Tables
Table 1 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table 2 Supplemental characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 3 Effective source match . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Table 4 Recommended test equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 5 Set up and calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Table 6 Correction for element reflection of the 905A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
12 Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual
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Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual 13
Description
Figure 1 772D and 773D directional couplers
772D dual directional coupler
The 772D dual directional coupler is a four port passive device. Directional couplers sample power
flowing in one direction and ignore power flowing in the opposite direction. Two couplers are
incorporated in the 772D so that power flowing in either direction can be sampled. Such a system
is usually called a reflectometer. In a reflectometer the incident power flowing into the setup and
the reflected power from the device under test are compared.
773D directional coupler
The 773D directional coupler is a three port passive device. Directional couplers in their auxiliary
arms sample the power flowing in one direction in the mainline and ignore power flowing in the
opposite direction. They can be used for measurement purposes or for power leveling. The
coupling in the 773D changes the same as the coupling variation of the input coupler in the 772D.
This property may be used to cancel out the coupling variation of the 772D in a reflectometer setup
by using the 773D to change the coupling for tracking purposes.
Warranty
The directional couplers are warranted and certified as indicated in the front matter of this manual.
14 Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual
Specifications
The specifications given below are the performance standards or limits against which the
directional couplers are tested. Unless otherwise stated, the specifications apply to both
directional couplers.
Table 1 Specifications
Characteristics and conditions Limits Comments
Frequency range 2.0 to 18 GHz
Maximum directivity
2 to 12.4 GHz
12.4 to 18 GHz
30 dB
27 dB
For the 772D, this specification applies to the
test port only. Input port directivity is 24 dB @ 2
to 18 GHz.
Maximum primary line SWR
772D
2 to 12.4 GHz
12.4 to 18 GHz
773D
2 to 12.4 GHz
12.4 to 18 GHz
1.28
1.40
1.21
1.27
50 W nominal impedance
Maximum auxiliary line SWR
2 to 12.4 GHz
12.4 to 18 GHz
1.3
1.3
Established with a best fit line through the
coupling curve
Nominal coupling (2.0 to 18 GHz) 20 ± 1 dB
Maximum coupling variation
772D
2.0 to 18 GHz
773D
2.0 to 18 GHz
± 1 dB
± 1 dB
Test port to incident
Tracking ≤ ± 0.7 dB With 772D TEST PORT shorted and not
including source-match ripple. Refers to the
relative tracking of the auxiliary arms: auxiliary
arms do not necessarily track in absolute power.
Typical relative tracking between 772D and
773D ≤ ±0.7 dB.
Primary line residual loss
772D
773D
< 1.5 dB
< 0.9 dB
Maximum power input 50 W (47 dBm) average
250 W (54 dBm) peak
Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual 15
Connectors
772D
Input
Incident
Reflected
Test port
773D
Input
Coupled
Output
Option 001
773D only
Option 002
Input
Coupled
Output
Option 010
Input
Coupled
Output
MIL-C-39012
Type N (female)
Type N (female)
Type N (female)
APC-7
APC-7
Type N (female)
APC-7
Type N (female)
Type N (male)
Type N (female)
Type N (female)
Type N (female)
Type N (female)
Type N (male)
Offset by 2.5 degrees by design
On all ports on both 772D and 773D
Operating environment
Temperature range
Humidity
Maximum altitude
0 to +55° C
< 95% relative
4570 meters (15,000 feet)
Net weight
772D
773D
2.6 kg (5.72 lb)
0.8 kg (1.76 lb)
Dimensions
772D
Length
Width
Height
773D
Length
Width
Height
391 mm (15.4 in)
133 mm (5.3 in)
43 mm (1.7 in)
186 mm (7.3 in)
108 mm (4.3 in)
30 mm (1.2 in)
Table 1 Specifications (continued)
Characteristics and conditions Limits Comments
16 Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual
Supplemental characteristics
Supplemental characteristics are not specifications; that is, they are not covered by the
certification and warranty at the beginning of this manual. They are typical or nominal
characteristics included as additional information for the user.
Effective source match
Table 2 Supplemental characteristics
Characteristics Frequency 772D 773D
Minimum directivity 0.1 to 2.0 GHz
12.4 to 20 GHz
39 dB
20 dB
39 dB
21 dB
Maximum primary line SWR 0.1 to 2.0 GHz
18 to 20 GHz
1.05
1.29
1.29
1.16
Maximum primary line SWR 0.1 to 2.0 GHz
18 to 20 GHz
1.08
1.17
1.07
1.17
Primary line residual loss 0.1 to 2.0 GHz
18 to 20 GHz
< 0.26 dB
< 1.3 dB
< 0.15 dB
< 0.6 dB
Table 3 Effective source match
Frequency 772D 773D
0.1 to 2 GHz 1.06 1.05
2 to 12.4 GHz 1.13 1.12
2.4 GHz to 18 GHz 1.18 1.15
18 to 20 GHz 1.32 1.28
Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual 17
Voltage incident on 772D test Port and 773D input
Figure 2 depicts the typical coupling curve of the 772D and 773D.
.
Figure 2 Voltage incident on 772D test port and 773D input
Directivity
The following graph depicts the 772D/773D typical changes in directivity over the frequency range.
Figure 3 Directivity
COUPLING IN dB
FREQUENCY IN GHz
SPECIFICATIONS
DIRECTIVITY IN dB
FREQUENCY IN GHz
18 Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual
Calculating 772D error
Analysis has shown the typical measurement error of the 772D to be:
Es = A + BGx + CGx2
where:
Es = error of swept-frequency measurement
A = directivity of 772D
B = effective source match + coupler directivity
C = source match
Gx = reflection coefficient of unknown
By using various techniques, such as fixed-frequency measurements, calibrating out the source
match error by taking an average of the open and short-circuit readings, or by running a calibration
grid this error can be reduced to:
Ef = A + CGx2
These two equations are graphed as follows:
Figure 4 772D error 0.1 to 2.0 GHz
Reflection (Gx)
Es(Gx) , Ef(Gx)
Es
Ef
Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual 19
Figure 5 772D error 2.0 to 12.4 GHz
Figure 6 772D error 12.4 to 18.0 GHz
Es(Gx) , Ef(Gx)
Reflection (Gx)
Es
Ef
Es(Gx) , Ef(Gx)
Reflection (Gx)
Es
Ef
20 Keysight 772D and 773D Operating and Service Manual
Installation
Initial inspection
1Inspect the shipping container for damage. If the shipping container or cushioning material is
damaged, it should be kept until the contents of the shipment have been checked for
completeness and the instrument has been checked mechanically and electrically. Procedures
for checking electrical performance are given under Performance Tests.
2If the contents are incomplete, if there is mechanical damage or defect, or if the instrument
does not pass the electrical performance test, contact the nearest Keysight Sales and Service
office. Refer to the Service and Support information in the front matter of this manual. Keysight
will arrange for repair or replacement of the damaged or defective equipment. Keep the
shipping materials for the carrier’s inspection.
3If you are returning the instrument for service, repackaging the instrument requires original
shipping containers and materials or their equivalents. Keysight can provide packaging
materials identical to the original materials. Refer to Service and Support information in the
front matter of this manual for the Keysight office nearest you. Attach a tag indicating the type
of service required, return address, model number and serial number. Mark the container
FRAGILE to insure careful handling. In any correspondence, refer to the instrument by model
number and serial number.
Storage and shipment
The instrument should be stored in a clean, dry environment. The following environmental
limitations apply to both storage and shipment:
aTemperature
bAltitude
cHumidity
–5 to +75 °C
|7620 meters (25,000 feet)
|95% relative
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