Cisco ASR 9000 Series Aggregation Services Routers Configuration Guide

System Monitoring Configuration Guide for Cisco ASR 9000 Series

Routers, IOS XR Release 7.5.x

First Published: 2021-11-30

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CONTENTS

Preface xv

PREFACE

Changes to this Document xv

Communications, Services, and Additional Information xv

New and Changed System Monitoring Features 1

CHAPTER 1

System Monitoring Features Added or Modiﬁed in IOS XR Release 7.5.x 1

Implementing and Monitoring Alarms and Alarm Log Correlation 3

CHAPTER 2

Prerequisites for Implementing and Monitoring Alarms and Alarm Log Correlation 4

Information About Implementing Alarms and Alarm Log Correlation 4

Alarm Logging and Debugging Event Management System 4

Correlator 5

System Logging Process 5

Alarm Logger 6

Logging Correlation 6

Correlation Rules 6

Types of Correlation 7

Application of Rules and Rule Sets 7

Root Message and Correlated Messages 7

Alarm Severity Level and Filtering 7

Bistate Alarms 8

Capacity Threshold Setting for Alarms 8

Hierarchical Correlation 8

Context Correlation Flag 9

Duration Timeout Flags 10

Reparent Flag 10

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Reissue Nonbistate Flag 10

Internal Rules 10

SNMP Alarm Correlation 10

How to Implement and Monitor Alarm Management and Logging Correlation 11

Conﬁguring Logging Correlation Rules 11

Conﬁguring Logging Correlation Rule Sets 12

Conﬁguring Root-cause and Non-root-cause Alarms 13

Conﬁguring Hierarchical Correlation Rule Flags 15

Applying Logging Correlation Rules 17

Applying Logging Correlation Rule Sets 18

Modifying Logging Events Buffer Settings 20

Modifying Logging Correlator Buffer Settings 22

Displaying Alarms by Severity and Severity Range 24

Displaying Alarms According to a Time Stamp Range 25

Displaying Alarms According to Message Group and Message Code 26

Displaying Alarms According to a First and Last Range 27

Displaying Alarms by Location 28

Displaying Alarms by Event Record ID 28

Displaying the Logging Correlation Buffer Size, Messages, and Rules 29

Clearing Alarm Event Records and Resetting Bistate Alarms 31

Deﬁning SNMP Correlation Buffer Size 33

Deﬁning SNMP Rulesets 33

Conﬁguring SNMP Correlation Rules 34

Applying SNMP Correlation Rules 36

Applying SNMP Correlation Ruleset 36

Asynchronous Syslog Communication 37

Conﬁguration Examples for Alarm Management and Logging Correlation 38

Increasing the Severity Level for Alarm Filtering to Display Fewer Events and Modifying the Alarm

Buffer Size and Capacity Threshold: Example 38

Conﬁguring a Nonstateful Correlation Rule to Permanently Suppress Node Status Messages:

Example 38

Conﬁguring a Stateful Correlation Rule for LINK UPDOWN and SONET ALARM Alarms:

Example 40

Pulse Queue State Monitoring 41

Additional References 42

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Contents

Conﬁguring and Managing Embedded Event Manager Policies 45

CHAPTER 3

Prerequisites for Conﬁguring and Managing Embedded Event Manager Policies 46

Information About Conﬁguring and Managing Embedded Event Manager Policies 46

Event Management 46

System Event Detection 46

System Event Processing 47

Embedded Event Manager Management Policies 47

Embedded Event Manager Scripts and the Scripting Interface (Tcl) 47

Script Language 49

Regular Embedded Event Manager Scripts 49

Embedded Event Manager Callback Scripts 49

Embedded Event Manager Policy Tcl Command Extension Categories 50

Cisco File Naming Convention for Embedded Event Manager 50

Embedded Event Manager Built-in Actions 51

Application-speciﬁc Embedded Event Management 52

Event Detection and Recovery 52

General Flow of EEM Event Detection and Recovery 53

System Manager Event Detector 53

Timer Services Event Detector 54

Syslog Event Detector 54

None Event Detector 55

Watchdog System Monitor Event Detector 55

Distributed Event Detectors 56

Embedded Event Manager Event Scheduling and Notiﬁcation 56

Reliability Statistics 57

Hardware Card Reliability Metric Data 57

Process Reliability Metric Data 57

How to Conﬁgure and Manage Embedded Event Manager Policies 58

Conﬁguring Environmental Variables 58

Environment Variables 58

Registering Embedded Event Manager Policies 60

Embedded Event Manager Policies 60

How to Write Embedded Event Manager Policies Using Tcl 63

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Contents

Registering and Deﬁning an EEM Tcl Script 63

Displaying EEM Registered Policies 65

Unregistering EEM Policies 65

Suspending EEM Policy Execution 66

Managing EEM Policies 67

Displaying Software Modularity Process Reliability Metrics Using EEM 68

Sample EEM Policies 69

Programming EEM Policies with Tcl 71

Creating an EEM User Tcl Library Index 79

Creating an EEM User Tcl Package Index 82

Conﬁguration Examples for Event Management Policies 85

Environmental Variables Conﬁguration: Example 85

User-Deﬁned Embedded Event Manager Policy Registration: Example 85

Display Available Policies: Example 85

Display Embedded Event Manager Process: Example 85

Conﬁguration Examples for Writing Embedded Event Manager Policies Using Tcl 87

EEM Event Detector Demo: Example 87

EEM Sample Policy Descriptions 87

Event Manager Environment Variables for the Sample Policies 87

Registration of Some EEM Policies 89

Basic Conﬁguration Details for All Sample Policies 89

Using the Sample Policies 89

Programming Policies with Tcl: Sample Scripts Example 92

tm_cli_cmd.tcl Sample Policy 92

sl_intf_down.tcl Sample Policy 94

Tracing Tcl set Command Operations: Example 96

Additional References 97

Embedded Event Manager Policy Tcl Command Extension Reference 98

Embedded Event Manager Event Registration Tcl Command Extensions 98

event_register_appl 99

event_register_cli 100

event_register_conﬁg 101

event_register_counter 102

event_register_hardware 103

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Contents

event_register_none 104

event_register_oir 105

event_register_process 105

event_register_snmp 106

event_register_snmp_notiﬁcation 108

event_register_stat 109

event_register_syslog 112

event_register_timer 113

event_register_timer_subscriber 116

event_register_track 117

event_register_wdsysmon 118

Embedded Event Manager Event Information Tcl Command Extension 122

event_reqinfo 122

event_reqinfo_multi 136

Embedded Event Manager Event Publish Tcl Command Extension 137

event_publish appl 137

Embedded Event Manager Multiple Event Support Tcl Command Extensions 139

Attribute 139

Correlate 140

Trigger 140

Embedded Event Manager Action Tcl Command Extensions 141

action_process 141

action_program 142

action_script 143

action_setver_prior 144

action_setnode 144

action_syslog 145

action_track_read 145

Embedded Event Manager Utility Tcl Command Extensions 146

appl_read 146

appl_reqinfo 147

appl_setinfo 148

counter_modify 148

fts_get_stamp 150

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Contents

register_counter 150

register_timer 152

timer_arm 154

timer_cancel 155

unregister_counter 157

Embedded Event Manager System Information Tcl Command Extensions 158

sys_reqinfo_cpu_all 158

sys_reqinfo_crash_history 159

sys_reqinfo_mem_all 160

sys_reqinfo_proc 161

sys_reqinfo_proc_all 162

sys_reqinfo_proc_version 163

sys_reqinfo_routername 163

sys_reqinfo_syslog_freq 164

sys_reqinfo_syslog_history 165

sys_reqinfo_stat 166

sys_reqinfo_snmp 167

sys_reqinfo_snmp_trap 167

sys_reqinfo_snmp_trapvar 168

SMTP Library Command Extensions 168

smtp_send_email 169

smtp_subst 170

CLI Library Command Extensions 170

cli_close 171

cli_exec 171

cli_get_ttyname 172

cli_open 172

cli_read 173

cli_read_drain 173

cli_read_line 174

cli_read_pattern 174

cli_write 175

Tcl Context Library Command Extensions 178

context_retrieve 178

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Contents

context_save 182

Implementing IP Service Level Agreements 185

CHAPTER 4

Prerequisites for Implementing IP Service Level Agreements 185

Restrictions for Implementing IP Service Level Agreements 186

Information About Implementing IP Service Level Agreements 187

About IP Service Level Agreements Technology 187

Service Level Agreements 187

Beneﬁts of IP Service Level Agreements 188

Measuring Network Performance with IP Service Level Agreements 189

Operation Types for IP Service Level Agreements 190

IP SLA Responder and IP SLA Control Protocol 191

Response Time Computation for IP SLA 192

IP SLA VRF Support 192

IP SLA Operation Scheduling 192

IP SLA—Proactive Threshold Monitoring 193

IP SLA Reaction Conﬁguration 193

IP SLA Threshold Monitoring and Notiﬁcations 193

Two-Way Active Measurement Protocol (TWAMP) 194

Advantages of TWAMP 194

The TWAMP entities 194

The TWAMP protocols 194

TWAMP Accuracy Enhancement 195

Hardware Time Stamp 195

Limitations 196

Recommendations 196

One-Way Delay Measurement 196

TWAMP-Light 196

Restrictions of TWAMP-Light 197

Conﬁguring TWAMP-Light 197

Veriﬁcation of TWAMP-Light 199

MPLS LSP Monitoring 200

How MPLS LSP Monitoring Works 200

BGP Next-hop Neighbor Discovery 201

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Contents

IP SLA LSP Ping and LSP Traceroute Operations 202

Proactive Threshold Monitoring for MPLS LSP Monitoring 202

Multi-operation Scheduling for the LSP Health Monitor 202

LSP Path Discovery 203

How to Implement IP Service Level Agreements 203

Conﬁguring IP Service Levels Using the UDP Jitter Operation 203

Enabling the IP SLA Responder on the Destination Device 204

Conﬁguring and Scheduling a UDP Jitter Operation on the Source Device 205

Prerequisites for Conﬁguring a UDP Jitter Operation on the Source Device 206

Conﬁguring and Scheduling a Basic UDP Jitter Operation on the Source Device 206

Conﬁguring and Scheduling a UDP Jitter Operation with Additional Characteristics 209

Conﬁguring the IP SLA for a UDP Echo Operation 213

Prerequisites for Conﬁguring a UDP Echo Operation on the Source Device 214

Conﬁguring and Scheduling a UDP Echo Operation on the Source Device 214

Conﬁguring and Scheduling a UDP Echo Operation with Optional Parameters on the Source

Device 217

Conﬁguring an ICMP Echo Operation 220

Conﬁguring and Scheduling a Basic ICMP Echo Operation on the Source Device 220

Conﬁguring and Scheduling an ICMP Echo Operation with Optional Parameters on the Source

Device 223

Conﬁguring the ICMP Path-echo Operation 226

Conﬁguring and Scheduling a Basic ICMP Path-echo Operation on the Source Device 227

Conﬁguring and Scheduling an ICMP Path-echo Operation with Optional Parameters on the Source

Device 229

Conﬁguring the ICMP Path-jitter Operation 233

Conﬁguring and Scheduling a Basic ICMP Path-jitter Operation 234

Conﬁguring and Scheduling an ICMP Path-jitter Operation with Additional Parameters 237

Conﬁguring IP SLA MPLS LSP Ping and Trace Operations 240

Conﬁguring and Scheduling an MPLS LSP Ping Operation 241

Conﬁguring and Scheduling an MPLS LSP Trace Operation 244

Conﬁguring IP SLA Reactions and Threshold Monitoring 248

Conﬁguring Monitored Elements for IP SLA Reactions 248

Conﬁguring Threshold Violation Types for IP SLA Reactions 254

Specifying Reaction Events 260

Conﬁguring server twamp 261

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Contents

Conﬁguring responder twamp 262

Veriﬁcation of TWAMP Session 263

Conﬁguring the MPLS LSP Monitoring Instance on a Source PE Router 264

Conﬁguring an MPLS LSP Monitoring Ping Instance 264

Conﬁguring an MPLS LSP Monitoring Trace Instance 268

Conﬁguring the Reaction Conditions for an MPLS LSP Monitoring Instance on a Source PE

Router 272

Scheduling an MPLS LSP Monitoring Instance on a Source PE Router 274

LSP Path Discovery 275

Conﬁguration Examples for Implementing IP Service Level Agreements 278

Conﬁguring IP Service Level Agreements: Example 278

Conﬁguring IP SLA Reactions and Threshold Monitoring: Example 279

Conﬁguring IP SLA MPLS LSP Monitoring: Example 280

Conﬁguring LSP Path Discovery: Example 281

Additional References 281

Implementing Logging Services 283

CHAPTER 5

Prerequisites for Implementing Logging Services 283

Information About Implementing Logging Services 284

System Logging Process 284

Format of System Logging Messages 284

Duplicate Message Suppression 284

Syslog Message Destinations 285

Guidelines for Sending Syslog Messages to Destinations Other Than the Console 285

Logging for the Current Terminal Session 286

Syslog Messages Sent to Syslog Servers 286

UNIX System Logging Facilities 286

Hostname Preﬁx Logging 287

Syslog Source Address Logging 287

UNIX Syslog Daemon Conﬁguration 287

Archiving Logging Messages on a Local Storage Device 288

Setting Archive Attributes 288

Archive Storage Directories 288

Severity Levels 289

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Contents

Logging History Table 289

Syslog Message Severity Level Deﬁnitions 290

Syslog Severity Level Command Defaults 290

How to Implement Logging Services 291

Setting Up Destinations for System Logging Messages 291

Conﬁguring Logging to a Remote Server 292

Conﬁguring the Settings for the Logging History Table 293

Modifying Logging to the Console Terminal and the Logging Buffer 294

Modifying the Format of Time Stamps 296

Disabling Time Stamps 298

Suppressing Duplicate Syslog Messages 298

Disabling the Logging of Link-Status Syslog Messages 299

Displaying System Logging Messages 300

Archiving System Logging Messages to a Local Storage Device 301

Platform Automated Monitoring 303

PAM Events 304

Disable and Re-enable PAM 306

Data Archiving in PAM 307

Files Collected by PAM Tool 307

Conﬁguration Examples for Implementing Logging Services 309

Conﬁguring Logging to the Console Terminal and the Logging Buffer: Example 309

Setting Up Destinations for Syslog Messages: Example 309

Conﬁguring the Settings for the Logging History Table: Example 310

Modifying Time Stamps: Example 310

Conﬁguring a Logging Archive: Example 310

Where to Go Next 310

Additional References 310

Onboard Failure Logging 313

CHAPTER 6

Prerequisites 314

Information About Implementing OBFL 314

Data Collection Types 314

Baseline Data Collection 314

Event-Driven Data Collection 314

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Contents

Supported Cards and Platforms 315

How to Implement OBFL 316

Enabling or Disabling OBFL 316

Conﬁguring Message Severity Levels 317

Monitoring and Maintaining OBFL 318

Clearing OBFL Data 319

Conﬁguration Examples for OBFL 319

Enabling and Disabling OBFL: Example 319

Conﬁguring Message Severity Levels: Example 320

Clearing OBFL Messages: Example 320

Displaying OBFL Data: Example 320

Where to Go Next 321

Additional References 321

Implementing Performance Management 323

CHAPTER 7

Prerequisites for Implementing Performance Management 324

Information About Implementing Performance Management 324

PM Functional Overview 324

PM Statistics Server 324

PM Statistics Collector 324

PM Beneﬁts 325

PM Statistics Collection Overview 325

PM Statistics Collection Templates 326

Guidelines for Creating PM Statistics Collection Templates 326

Guidelines for Enabling and Disabling PM Statistics Collection Templates 327

Exporting Statistics Data 328

Binary File Format 328

Binary File ID Assignments for Entity, Subentity, and StatsCounter Names 329

Filenaming Convention Applied to Binary Files 331

PM Entity Instance Monitoring Overview 331

PM Threshold Monitoring Overview 335

Guidelines for Creating PM Threshold Monitoring Templates 335

Guidelines for Enabling and Disabling PM Threshold Monitoring Templates 344

How to Implement Performance Management 345

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Contents

Conﬁguring an External TFTP Server for PM Statistic Collections 345

Conﬁguring Local Disk Dump for PM Statistics Collections 346

Conﬁguring Instance Filtering by Regular-expression 347

Creating PM Statistics Collection Templates 348

Enabling and Disabling PM Statistics Collection Templates 350

Enabling PM Entity Instance Monitoring 352

Creating PM Threshold Monitoring Templates 353

Enabling and Disabling PM Threshold Monitoring Templates 354

Conﬁguration Examples for Implementing Performance Management 356

Creating and Enabling PM Statistics Collection Templates: Example 356

Creating and Enabling PM Threshold Monitoring Templates: Example 356

Additional References 357

Testing Throughput Using Test TCP (TTCP) 359

CHAPTER 8

Using Test TCP (TTCP) to Test Throughput 359

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Contents

Preface

From Release 6.1.2 onwards, Cisco introduces support for the 64-bit Linux-based IOS XR operating system.

Extensive feature parity is maintained between the 32-bit and 64-bit environments. Unless explicitly marked

otherwise, the contents of this document are applicable for both the environments. For more details on Cisco

IOS XR 64 bit, refer to the Release Notes for Cisco ASR 9000 Series Routers, Release 6.1.2 document.

The System Monitoring Conﬁguration Guide for Cisco ASR 9000 Series Routers preface contains these

sections:

•Changes to this Document, on page xv

•Communications, Services, and Additional Information, on page xv

Changes to this Document

This table lists the changes made to this document since it was ﬁrst published.

SummaryDate

Initial release of this document.November 2021

Communications, Services, and Additional Information

• To receive timely, relevant information from Cisco, sign up at Cisco Proﬁle Manager.

• To get the business impact you’re looking for with the technologies that matter, visit Cisco Services.

• To submit a service request, visit Cisco Support.

• To discover and browse secure, validated enterprise-class apps, products, solutions and services, visit

Cisco Marketplace.

• To obtain general networking, training, and certiﬁcation titles, visit Cisco Press.

• To ﬁnd warranty information for a speciﬁc product or product family, access Cisco Warranty Finder.

System Monitoring Configuration Guide for Cisco ASR 9000 Series Routers, IOS XR Release 7.5.x

xv

Cisco Bug Search Tool

Cisco Bug Search Tool (BST) is a web-based tool that acts as a gateway to the Cisco bug tracking system

that maintains a comprehensive list of defects and vulnerabilities in Cisco products and software. BST provides

you with detailed defect information about your products and software.

System Monitoring Configuration Guide for Cisco ASR 9000 Series Routers, IOS XR Release 7.5.x

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Preface

CHAPTER 1

New and Changed System Monitoring Features

This chapter lists all the features that have been added or modiﬁed in this guide. The table also contains

references to these feature documentation sections.

•System Monitoring Features Added or Modiﬁed in IOS XR Release 7.5.x, on page 1

System Monitoring Features Added or Modified in IOS XR

Release 7.5.x

Where DocumentedChanged in ReleaseDescriptionFeature

Not applicableNot applicableNoneNone

System Monitoring Configuration Guide for Cisco ASR 9000 Series Routers, IOS XR Release 7.5.x

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System Monitoring Configuration Guide for Cisco ASR 9000 Series Routers, IOS XR Release 7.5.x

2

New and Changed System Monitoring Features

System Monitoring Features Added or Modified in IOS XR Release 7.5.x

CHAPTER 2

Implementing and Monitoring Alarms and Alarm

Log Correlation

This module describes the concepts and tasks related to conﬁguring alarm log correlation and monitoring

alarm logs and correlated event records. Alarm log correlation extends system logging to include the ability

to group and ﬁlter messages generated by various applications and system servers and to isolate root messages

on the router.

This module describes the new and revised tasks you need to perform to implement logging correlation and

monitor alarms on your network.

For more information about system logging on Cisco IOS XR Software and complete descriptions of the

alarm management and logging correlation commands listed in this module, see the Related Documents, on

page 42 section of this module.

Note

Feature History for Implementing and Monitoring Alarms and Alarm Log Correlation

ModificationRelease

This feature was introduced.Release 3.7.2

SNMP alarm correlation feature was added.Release 3.8.0

The Pulse Queue State Monitoring feature was introduced in Cisco IOS XR 32 bit operating

system.

Release 6.4.1

•Prerequisites for Implementing and Monitoring Alarms and Alarm Log Correlation, on page 4

•Information About Implementing Alarms and Alarm Log Correlation, on page 4

•How to Implement and Monitor Alarm Management and Logging Correlation, on page 11

•Conﬁguration Examples for Alarm Management and Logging Correlation, on page 38

•Pulse Queue State Monitoring, on page 41

•Additional References, on page 42

System Monitoring Configuration Guide for Cisco ASR 9000 Series Routers, IOS XR Release 7.5.x

3

Prerequisites for Implementing and Monitoring Alarms and

Alarm Log Correlation

You must be in a user group associated with a task group that includes the proper task IDs. The command

reference guides include the task IDs required for each command. If you suspect user group assignment is

preventing you from using a command, contact your AAA administrator for assistance.

Information About Implementing Alarms and Alarm Log

Correlation

Alarm Logging and Debugging Event Management System

Cisco IOS XR Software Alarm Logging and Debugging Event Management System (ALDEMS) is used to

monitor and store alarm messages that are forwarded by system serversand applications. In addition, ALDEMS

correlates alarm messages forwarded due to a single root cause.

ALDEMS enlarges on the basic logging and monitoring functionality of Cisco IOS XR Software, providing

the level of alarm and event management necessary for a highly distributed system .

Cisco IOS XR Software achieves this necessary level of alarm and event management by distributing logging

applications across the nodes on the system.

Figure 1: ALDEMS Component Communications, on page 5 illustrates the relationship between the

components that constitute ALDEMS.

System Monitoring Configuration Guide for Cisco ASR 9000 Series Routers, IOS XR Release 7.5.x

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Implementing and Monitoring Alarms and Alarm Log Correlation

Prerequisites for Implementing and Monitoring Alarms and Alarm Log Correlation

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