ROBBE POWER PEAK ULTIMATE Li Supplementary Operating Instructions

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Discharge current:

3 - 5 C, peak 10 C

Final charge voltage:

Cells of 3.6 V nominal voltage = 4.1 Volt

Cells of 3.7 V nominal voltage = 4.2 Volt

Final discharge voltage:

Cells of 3.6 V nominal voltage = 2.4 Volt

Cells of 3.7 V nominal voltage = 2.5 Volt

Important note:

If the stated limits for final charge or disch-

arge voltage are exceeded, the cell will be

damaged; the damage takes the form of per-

manent capacity loss. If the limit values are

exceeded for a protracted period, the cell

will be ruined, and may explode and start a

fire.

Effective cell life:

The theoretical useful life of a cell when

discharged at low discharge currents is

around 500 charge/discharge cycles. Howe-

ver, if the discharge current is relatively high

- around 3-5 C - the cell’s useful life is redu-

ced to around 300 cycles. If even higher

discharge currents are used, the cycle life

suffers a further significant reduction.

Temperature range:

Charging: -> 0° … +45°C

Discharging -> -20° … +60°C

Temperature behaviour

Lithium cells feature a pronounced tempera-

ture index which means that the full nominal

capacity is not available at very low and very

high temperatures.

Order No.

8427 Li

Supplementary operating instructions

POWER PEAK ULTIMATE Li

The POWER PEAK ULTIMATE battery char-

ger has been upgraded by the addition of the

facility to charge various types of Lithium-Ion

battery. Its title now bears the suffix Li.

The unit is capable of charging up to four

Lithium cells wired in series, with a maximum

current of 5 Amps.

To avoid damage please be sure to read

through these instructions carefully before

using the charger.

Introduction

There are various types of Lithium batteries:

1.Lithium-Ion batteries containing fluid elect-

rolyte, and featuring a nominal voltage of

3.6 Volts. This is the first generation of

Lithium cells, and is not often used for

modelling applications.

2.Lithium-Ion batteries containing fluid elect-

rolyte, and featuring a nominal voltage of

3.7 Volts. This is the second generation of

Lithium cell, and is housed in a metal can.

3.Lithium-Ion-Polymer batteries containing

gel-form electrolyte, and featuring a nomi-

nal voltage of

3.7 Volts. This is the current

generation of Lithium cell, and they have

also

become known as Li-Poly batteries.

The gel electrolyte results in a reduced

pressure build-up in the cell during char-

ging and discharging, for which reason a

foil housing is adequate. This cell has

rapidly become very popular for model

purposes due to its low weight and high

energy density.

The charging process is the same for all

Lithium cell types, but the charge termination

voltage varies according to the nominal cell

voltage; this parameter can therefore be

selected in the Ultimate Li’s set-up menu.

In general terms the following specification

applies to all Li-Poly batteries:

Charge curr

ent:

1 C, i.e. capacity value = char

ge current

Example: Li-Poly cell of 1500 mAh capacity:

1 C = 1500 mA (= 1.5 A) charge current

8

Capacity in %

Temperature °C

Temperature curve

Order No.

8427 Li

Supplementary operating instructions

POWER PEAK ULTIMATE Li

9

The external cell temperature should not

exceed 45°C during charging and 60° C

during discharging, otherwise the cell will be

damaged, with a permanent loss of capacity.

If the limit values are exceeded for a pro-

tracted period, the cell will be ruined, and

may explode and start a fire.

Variations in capacity

If several cells are assembled to form a bat-

tery which is then discharged at a fairly high

current, the cells will heat up to different

extents as the internal cell or cells are unable

to dissipate heat effectively.

This results in changes to the cells’ internal

resistance, which in turn reduces their disch-

arge capacity. The cell concerned will then be

discharged more quickly, with the danger

that it will eventually be discharged below the

permissible final charge voltage of 2.5 Volts.

Considerable differences in capacity can

occur when external temperatures are very

low. For example, if a Li-Poly pack is flown in

an electric helicopter, the front cell will be

greatly cooled by the normal airflow, while

the inner cells become significantly warmer.

The colder cell will lose effective capacity,

with the danger that it will be discharged

below the permissible final discharge vol-

tage.

To avoid the danger of permanent cell

damage we recommend that Li-Poly cells

should only be discharged down to a final

discharge voltage of about 3 Volts.

Storage

Li-Poly cells feature an extremely low rate of

self-dischar

ge (appr

ox. 0.2% per day), and

can therefore be stored for long periods wit-

hout pr

oblems. However

, befor

e a pr

otracted

period of storage they should be charged up

to about 50 - 80% capacity, and they should

be topped up again after about 4 - 6 months.

Memory effect, cell capacity

Li-Poly cells do not suffer from the memory

(lazy battery) effect, so the standard proce-

dure with NC and NiMH batteries of dischar-

ging before recharging (cycle charging) is not

necessary.

Indeed, it is actually better to avoid dischar-

ging the cells before recharging.

Each charge process reduces the capacity

of the Li-Poly pack slightly, so this would

lead to an unnecessary loss of capacity.

Assembling battery packs

Li-Poly cells can be wired together in series

or parallel in order to increase pack voltage

or capacity, but this does present problems

due to variations in charge voltage and capa-

city.

For this reason it is important to use

selected cells exclusively if they are to be

wired together to form a battery.

Charging battery packs

Integrated charge protection circuit

Each Li-Poly cell usually contains a voltage

monitor module to protect it from overchar-

ging, deep-discharging or excessive cur-

rents.

However, for modelling applications it is

usual to draw high load currents, which

means that the monitor module would very

often be tripped to protect the cells. For this

very reason most battery packs do not

include this feature.

The lack of the protective circuit can gene-

rate problems in the charging of series-wired

Li-Poly cells. As mentioned earlier, individual

cells in the pack may well have slightly dif

fe-

rent charge states and voltages.

In this case the overall final char

ge voltage is

not distributed evenly amongst the individual

cells, with the result that cells featuring hig-

her voltage can easily be overcharged.

Order No.

8427 Li

Supplementary operating instructions

POWER PEAK ULTIMATE Li

10

To avoid this, the individual cells must be

brought up to the final charge voltage of 4.2

Volts.

In contrast, charging parallel-wired cells

does not present problems, as the total

charge current is distributed to the individual

cells according to their voltage.

We wish to point out expressly at this point

that, in the interests of safety, Li-Poly batte-

ries may only be charged using the Ultimate

Li charger if each individual cell is fitted

with a voltage monitor module.

We accept absolutely no liability for

damage caused by incorrect or incompe-

tent handling of the cells.

Please be sure to read and observe the

safety notes regarding the handling of Li-

Poly cells; you will find them at the end of

these instructions.

The charge process

Lithium-Ion batteries are charged using the

constant voltage method.

For this reason the final charge voltage is

pre-set on the charger according to the num-

ber of cells in the pack. The default charge

current is max. 1 C.

During the initial charge phase the battery

voltage rises slowly to the maximum value of

4.1 or 4.2 V / cell. In this phase the Ultimate

Li char

ger ensur

es that the char

ge curr

ent

remains constantly at the pre-set value.

At a charge current of 1 C and a discharged

battery this initial phase lasts about 50 - 60

minutes, and during this time about 80% of

full battery capacity is charged in.

During the second phase the charge current

falls off, since the difference in voltage bet-

ween charger and battery is steadily decli-

ning. A further 35 - 40 minutes is required in

order to charge in the remaining capacity.

The unit switches off the charge process

when the charge current falls to the bottom

limit of 50 mA.

At present the permissible maximum charge

rate is 1 C, and this means that the total

charge process takes at least 95 minutes if

the battery is initially discharged.

The charger in use

The method of operating the charger

remains basically unchanged, although indi-

vidual menu points have been expanded.

For example, Lithium has now been added

to the battery type select menu.

If you are charging a battery of the Lithium

type, please note the following deviations

from the main battery instructions:

- Charging is only possible in manual mode.

- There is no discharge process.

- The user enters the nominal voltage of the

cell or battery rather than the cell count.

- The charge current is limited to 1 C, calcu-

lated from the battery capacity you have

entered. (1 C = 1 x cell capacity).

Order No.

8427 Li

Supplementary operating instructions

POWER PEAK ULTIMATE Li

11

The following settings must be carried out

before the charge process can be started:

- Select manual mode

- Select the spot memory

- Select the Lithium battery type

- Select the nominal battery voltage

- Enter the battery capacity

Detailed description of procedure:

Selecting manual mode

When you switch on the charger the above

screen display appears. Press the “MAN”

button to select manual mode.

Selecting the spot memory

Press the “+” button to leaf through the

screen display until the arrow indicates Spot

Memory.

Press the Enter button -> the arrow flashes.

Now select a spot memory within the range 0

to 9 using the +/- buttons. Press the Enter

button after making your selection.

Selecting the battery type

Pr

ess the “+” button to leaf thr

ough the

screen display until the arrow indicates Bat-

tery Type.

Use the Enter button to select Lithium as the

battery type from NiCd, Pb (lead-acid), NiMH

and Lithium.

Selecting the nominal voltage

Press the “+” button to leaf through the

screen display until the arrow indicates Cell

Count.

Press the Enter button -> the arrow flashes.

Select the nominal battery voltage using the

+/- buttons.

The following selections are available:

Select the correct nominal voltage for your

battery; the charger calculates the appro-

priate charge termination voltage from this

value.

Press the Enter button after making your

selection.

Setting the battery capacity

Press the “+” button to leaf through the

screen display until the arrow indicates Bat-

tery Capacity.

Press the Enter button -> the arrow flashes.

The battery capacity can now be adjusted in

50 mAh increments within the range 50 …

5000 mAh using the +/- buttons.

Press the Enter button again after making

your selection.

Setting the charge current

Press the “+” button to leaf through the

screen display until the arrow indicates

Charge Current.

Number of cells 3.6 volt type 3.7 volt type

1 3.6 V 3.7 V

2 7.2 V 7.4 V

3 10.8 V 11.1 V

4 14.4 V 14.8 V

Order No.

8427 Li

Supplementary operating instructions

POWER PEAK ULTIMATE Li

12

If you set a charge current higher than 1 C,

the charger automatically limits the value to 1

C. However, it is possible to set lower charge

currents manually.

Press the Enter button -> the arrow flashes.

You can now reduce the charge current in

increments of 100 mA using the +/- buttons.

The smallest value you can set is 0.1 A, the

maximum 5.0 A, but the maximum value is

limited by the preceding capacity setting and

the battery voltage.

Press the Enter button again after making

your selection.

Storing the settings

Press the “+” button to leaf through the

screen display until the arrow indicates End.

Press the Enter button to store the settings

you have selected.

Starting the charge process

The screen display reverts to the starting

point.

- Press the “MAN” button.

- The Start display appears.

- Press the Enter button to select the dis-

played spot memory; the screen shows the

stored parameters so that you can check

them.

Press the

START button to initiate the charge

process.

The working display now appears on the

screen.

The screen shows:

The charge process is stopped by the auto-

matic charge termination circuit; alternatively

you can interrupt it by pressing the STOP

(ENTER) button.

The status display then changes from C =

Charge to F = Finished.

Specification:

Input: 11 - 15 Volts DC

Cell count: NC / NiMH bat-

tery: 1 … 25 cells

Lead-acid battery: 1 … 6 cells

Lithium battery: 1 … 4 cells

Charge current: 0.1 … 5 A

Discharge current: 0.5 … 3 A

Charge termination: Automatic

NC / NiMH: Digital Delta-Peak

Lead-acid /

Lithium batteries: Voltage-

dependent

Dimensions: 155x125x55 mm

Status

Battery voltage

Charge

current

Battery type

Capacity

Time hr:min:sec

Order No.

8427 Li

Supplementary operating instructions

POWER PEAK ULTIMATE Li

13

Safety Notes

relating to Lithium-Ion-Polymer batteries

These operating instructions for the battery

charger can only provide a global overview of

the methods of charging and handling

rechargeable Li-Poly batteries, and should

not be considered as a substitute for the

instructions provided by the battery manu-

facturer.

Please be sure to read the instructions and

information supplied by the battery manu-

facturer.

- Be sure to place the battery on a fireproof,

non-flammable surface for charging and

discharging, and never leave the pack on

charge unsupervised.

- Do not submerge the battery in water or

any other liquid, as this may cause damage

to the monitor module; this in turn could

cause the pack to be charged at an abnor-

mal current.

- Do not heat the battery, throw it into a fire

or place it in a microwave oven.

- Do not short-circuit the pack or charge it

with reverse polarity.

- Do not subject the battery to physical pres-

sure, do not deform or throw it.

- Do not solder directly to the battery.

- Do not modify or open the battery.

- Do not charge the battery to a voltage hig-

her than 4.2 Volts per cell.

- Do not discharge the battery to a voltage

lower than 2.5 Volts per cell.

- These batteries may only be charged using

a char

ger designed expr

essly for this pur

-

pose. Never connect the battery directly to

a mains PSU.

- Never charge or discharge the battery in

direct sunshine, or close to a heater or fire,

as this might damage the monitor module.

- Do not use the battery in any location

which is subject to severe static dischar-

ges.

- Any of these errors may cause the bat-

tery to be damaged, to explode or catch

fire.

- If a battery starts to burn, extinguish it

using salt water.

- Keep the battery well out of the reach of

children.

- If electrolyte should escape, keep it well

away from fire. The substance is highly

inflammable and may burst into flames.

- Avoid the fluid electrolyte contacting your

eyes. If this should occur, rinse the

affected part immediately with plenty of

clean water before seeking medical atten-

tion.

- If the fluid electrolyte should contact your

clothes or any other object, immediately

wash it off using plenty of water.

- Be sure to read and observe the general

safety notes regarding battery charging.

These are included in the main operating

instructions for the charger.

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