Supermicro SuperBlade SBM-GEM-X3S+ User manual

L2 / L3 Switches

Internet Group Management

Protocol (IGMP)

Configuration Guide

Revision 1.0

IGMP Configuration Guide

Supermicro L2/L3 Switches

Configuration Guide

2

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Manual Revision 1.0

Release Date: July 15, 2013

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Contents

1 IGMP Configuration Guide .................................................................................................................... 4

1.1 IP Multicast Overview ................................................................................................................... 4

1.2 IGMP Basics ................................................................................................................................... 6

1.3 IGMP Support ................................................................................................................................ 7

1.4 IGMP Defaults ............................................................................................................................... 7

1.5 Enabling IGMP ............................................................................................................................... 7

1.6 IGMP Version ................................................................................................................................ 9

1.7 IGMP query and report ............................................................................................................... 11

1.7.1 Query Interval ..................................................................................................................... 11

1.7.2 Maximum query response time .......................................................................................... 14

1.7.3 Robustness Value ................................................................................................................ 16

1.8 Leaving a Multicast Group .......................................................................................................... 18

1.8.1 Last member Query Interval ............................................................................................... 19

1.8.2 Immediate Leave ................................................................................................................. 21

1.9 Static Multicast Group Membership ........................................................................................... 22

1.10 Disabling IGMP ............................................................................................................................ 25

1.11 IGMP Configuration example ...................................................................................................... 27

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1 IGMP Configuration Guide

This document describes the IGMP feature supported in Supermicro Layer 2 / Layer 3 switch products.

The IGMP configurations for the below listed Supermicro switch products are covered.

The majority of this document applies to the Supermicro switch products listed above. In any particular

sub section however, the contents might vary across these switch product models. In those sections the

differences are clearly identified with reference to particular switch product models. If any particular

switch product model is not referenced, the reader can safely assume that the content is applicable to

all the above listed models.

Throughout this document, the common term “switch” refers to any of the above listed

Supermicro switch product models unless a particular switch product model is noted.

1.1 IP Multicast Overview

IP communication may be one of three types:

• Unicast: Host sends packets to a single host

• Broadcast: Host sends packets to all hosts

• Multicast: Host sends packets to a subset of hosts simultaneously

IP multicast routing enables efficient use of network resources for bandwidth intensive services

including video and audio. A multicast group is a set of receivers that want to receive a particular data

stream. An IP Multicast Group Address in the range 224.0.0.0 to 239.0.0.0 is selected for receivers in a

Top of Rack Switches

• SSE-G24-TG4

• SSE-G48-TG4

• SSE-X24S

• SSE-X3348S

• SSE-X3348T

Blade Switches

• SBM-GEM-X2C

• SBM-GEM-X2C+

• SBM-GEM-X3S+

• SBM-XEM-X10SM

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multicast group. Senders transmit IP data using the multicast group address as the destination address

to multicast to all group members. Receivers interested in receiving data of a particular group must join

the group by signaling a router/switch on their subnet. IGMP is used as the signaling protocol for

conveying group membership. Network devices along the path from source to receivers forward data

only on those ports leading to the receivers rather than flooding all ports.

Membership in a multicast group is dynamic as hosts can join and leave at any time. There is no

restriction on the location or number of members in a multicast group. In addition, a host can be a

member of more than one multicast group at a time.

Supermicro switches can send and receive multicast traffic by supporting the following multicast

features:

• IGMP: at the access end of the network that processes hosts announcing their participation in a

multicast group(s).

• Multicast Routing Protocol’s (MRP’s): at the enterprise and core of the network for maintaining

the senders/receivers database and forwarding data from senders to receivers.

Figure IGMP-1: IP Multicast Routing

Switch B

Switch A

Hosts

IGMP

MRP

Internet

Backbone

MRP

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1.2 IGMP Basics

IGMP is an IPv4 protocol used by hosts to request multicast data for a particular group. A switch

performs the IGMP function by:

• Sending IGMP query messages to identify receivers interested in particular multicast group(s).

IGMP queries are sent only by a querier.

• Processing IGMP report messages from hosts in response to the query message from the

querier.

Switches maintain a multicast forwarding table based on the hosts joined for every multicast group and

updates the multicast forwarding table when hosts leave multicast groups.

In Figure IGMP-2, the querier switch sends an IGMP General Query message on the LAN. Host1 and

Host2 respond to the query with the IGMP report for G1 Group membership.

Figure IGMP-2: Multicast Forwarding with IGMP

There are 3 versions of IGMP. The basic differences between the versions are:

IGMP v1: Supports basic query-response mechanism to identify active multicast group(s).

IGMP v2: Extends v1 with features like querier elections, IGMP leaves, group-specific queries and

maximum response time fields.

IGMP v3: In addition to IGMP v1 and IGMPv2 features, provides support for source-specific queries and

reports.

Switch – Non Querier

Switch - Querier

Host 1 Host 3

General Query

Membership

report for G1

Host 2

Membership

report for G1

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Supermicro switch

es

acts as a querier by default as long as it is

a

m

ulticast

router

with

a

lower IP address on the subnet.

1.3 IGMP Support

Supermicro switches support IGMP for all three IGMP versions (1, 2 and 3).

Supermicro switches support up to 255 multicast groups.

1.4 IGMP Defaults

Parameter Default Value

IGMP global status

Disabled

IGMP status in

VLAN

Disabled

IGMP version

2

Query interval

125

seconds

Query

m

ax response time

100

seconds

Robustness value

2

Last member query interval

10

seconds

Immediate leave (fast leave)

Disabled

Static

m

ulticast

g

roup

m

embership

None

1.5 Enabling IGMP

IGMP is disabled by default in Supermicro switches.

IGMP must be enabled globally and individually in interfaces.

Follow the steps below to enable IGMP.

Step Command Description

Step 1

configure terminal

Enters the configuration mode.

Step 2

set

ip igmp enable

Enables IGMP globally.

Step 3

interface

<

interface

-

type

>

<

interface

-

id

>

or

interface range <interface-type> <interface-id> ….

Enters the interface

configuration

mode.

interface-type – may be any of the

following:

gigabit ethernet – gi-

extreme-ethernet – ex

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qx

-

ethernet

–

qx

vlan

interface-id is in slot/port format for all

physical interfaces. It may be the VLAN

identifier for VLAN interfaces.

To configure multiple interfaces, use

the “interface range …” command. To

provide a range use a hypen (-)

between the start and end interface

numbers. E.g.: int range gi 0/1-10

To provide multiple interfaces or

ranges, separate with a comma (,).

E.g.: int range gi 0/1-10, gi 0/20

If multiple interfaces are provided, the

next step will enable IGMP on all these

interfaces.

Note: While configuring IGMP on

physical interfaces (gi, ex, qx), make

sure those interfaces are configured as

layer 3 interfaces using the “no

switchport” command in interface

configuration mode.

Step 4

set

ip igmp

enable

Enables IGMP on

interface

.

Step 5

end

Exits the configuration mode.

Step 6

show ip igmp

global

-

config

show ip igmp interface <interface-type>

<interface-id>

Displays the IGMP information.

Step 7

write startup

-

config

Optional step

–

saves this IGMP

configuration to be part of the startup

configuration.

The example below shows the commands used to enable IGMP.

Enable IGMP for layer3 VLAN 10

SMIS(config)#configure terminal

SMIS(config)# set ip igmp enable

SMIS(config)#end

SMIS# show ip igmp global-config

IGMP is globally enabled

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SMIS(config)#configure terminal

SMIS(config)#interface vlan 10

SMIS(config-if)# set ip igmp enable

SMIS(config-if)#end

SMIS# show ip igmp interface

vlan10, line protocol is up

Internet address is 2.2.2.2/8

IGMP is enabled on interface

Current IGMP router version is 2

IGMP query interval is 125 seconds

Last member query response interval is 10 seconds

IGMP max query response time is 100 seconds

Robustness value is 2

IGMP querying router is 2.2.2.2 (this system)

Fast leave is disabled on this interface

No multicast groups joined

1.6 IGMP Version

The IGMP protocol standard has three versions: v1, v2 and v3. Supermicro switches support IGMP for all

three versions. Supermicro IGMP support interoperates with different IGMP versions as defined in the

standard IGMP protocol.

The default IGMP version is v2, which is compatible with IGMP versions 1 and 3.

Supermicro switches provide the flexibility for users to configure different IGMP versions on different

interfaces.

Follow the steps below to change the IGMP version on any interface.

Step Command Description

Step 1

configure terminal

Enters the configuration mode.

Step 2

interface

<

interface

-

type

>

<

interface

-

id

>

or

interface range <interface-type> <interface-id> ….

Enters the interface configuration

mode.

interface-type – may be any of the

following:

gigabit ethernet – gi

extreme-ethernet – ex

qx-ethernet – qx

vlan

interface-id is in slot/port format for all

physical interfaces. It may be the VLAN

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identifier for VLAN interfaces.

To configure multiple interfaces, use

the “interface range …” command. To

provide a range use a hypen (-)

between the start and end interface

numbers. E.g.: int range gi 0/1-10

To provide multiple interfaces or

ranges, separate with a comma (,).

E.g.: int range gi 0/1-10, gi 0/20

If multiple interfaces are provided, the

next step will enable IGMP on all these

interfaces.

Note: While configuring IGMP on

physical interfaces (gi, ex, qx), make

sure those interfaces are configured as

layer 3 interfaces using “no switchport”

command in interface configuration

mode.

Step 3

ip igmp

version { 1 | 2 |

3}

Configures IGMP version.

Step 5

end

Exits the configuration mode.

Step 6

show ip igmp interface

<interface-type>

<interface-id>

Displays the IGMP version information

for the given interface.

Step 7

write startup

-

config

Optional step

–

saves this IGMP

configuration to be part of the startup

configuration.

The

“no ip igmp version”

command

resets the IGMP version to its default value

of

2.

The example below shows the commands used to configure different versions of IGMP.

Configure IGMP version 3 for layer3 VLAN 10.

SMIS# configure terminal

SMIS(config)# interface vlan 10

SMIS(config-if)# ip igmp version 3

SMIS(config-if)# end

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SMIS# show ip igmp interface

vlan10, line protocol is up

Internet address is 2.2.2.2/8

IGMP is enabled on the interface

Current IGMP router version is 3

IGMP query interval is 125 seconds

Last member query response interval is 10 seconds

IGMP max query response time is 100 seconds

Robustness value is 2

IGMP querying router is 2.2.2.2 (this system)

Fast leave is disabled on this interface

No multicast groups joined

1.7 IGMP Queries and Reports

When IGMP is enabled in a Supermicro switch, it assumes itself as the querier. As long as the switch

does not receive an IGMP query from another multicast router in the subnet with an IP address lower

than itself, it continues to be the IGMP querier on the subnet. If a Supermicro switch acting as querier

receives a query from another multicast router on the subnet with an IP address lower than itself, then

the switch transitions to a non-querier role and resets a timer based on value of its querier timeout.

Upon expiration of the querier timer, a Supermicro switch transitions to querier again if there are no

queries from the router with lower IP address, otherwise it continues to remain the non-querier on the

subnet.

The querier switch is in charge of sending periodic query messages on the network to determine the

presence of any new hosts. Hosts respond to query message from the querier with IGMP report

messages, which indicate inclusion or exclusion in a particular multicast group address. The querier

consolidates the reports from all hosts and maintains them in an IGMP group table.

There are various parameters that control the query and report messages:

Query Interval: This configures the time interval between transmissions of query messages by the

querier.

Max Response Time: This configures the maximum time interval in which the querier will wait to receive

reports from the hosts

Robustness Value: This parameter tunes certain intervals used in IGMP protocol and also determines

the retransmissions of IGMPv3 report messages to prevent their loss in a network.

1.7.1 Query Interval

The IGMP querier sends IGMP queries periodically to determine if there are any new hosts. This periodic

time interval is called the query interval.

The default query interval is 125 seconds.

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Supermicro switches provide flexibility for users to configure different query interval on different

interfaces.

Follow the steps below to change the query interval on any interface.

Step Command Description

Step 1

configure terminal

Enters the configuration mode.

Step 2

I

nterface

<

interface

-

type

>

<

interface

-

id

>

or

interface range <interface-type> <interface-id> ….

Enters the interface configuration

mode.

interface-type – may be any of the

following:

gigabit ethernet – gi

extreme-ethernet – ex

qx-ethernet – qx

vlan

interface-id is in slot/port format for all

physical interfaces. It may be the VLAN

identifier for VLAN interfaces.

To configure multiple interfaces, use

the “interface range …” command. To

provide a range use a hypen (-)

between the start and end interface

numbers. E.g.: int range gi 0/1-10

To provide multiple interfaces or

ranges, separate with a comma (,).

E.g.: int range gi 0/1-10, gi 0/20

If multiple interfaces are provided, the

next step will enable IGMP on all these

interfaces.

Note: While configuring IGMP on

physical interfaces (gi, ex, qx), make

sure those interfaces are configured as

layer 3 interfaces using the “no

switchport” command in interface

configuration mode.

Step 3

ip igmp query

-

interval <

value

>

Configures IGMP

query interval

.

The query interval value can be 1-

65535 seconds. Default is 125

seconds.

Step 5

end

Exits the configuration mode.

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Step 6

show ip igmp interface

<interface-type>

<interface-id>

Displays the IGMP

query interval

information for the given interface.

Step 7

write startup

-

config

Optional step

–

saves this IGMP

configuration to be part of the startup

configuration.

The

“no ip igmp

query

-

interval

”

command

resets the IGMP

query interval

to i

ts default

value of 125.

The example below shows the commands used to configure the IGMP query interval.

Configure IGMP query interval for layer3 VLAN 10

SMIS(config)#configure terminal

SMIS(config)#interface vlan 10

SMIS(config-if)# ip igmp query-interval 500

SMIS(config-if)# end

SMIS# show ip igmp interface

vlan10, line protocol is up

Internet address is 2.2.2.2/8

IGMP is enabled on the interface

Current IGMP router version is 2

IGMP query interval is 500 seconds

Last member query response interval is 10 seconds

IGMP max query response time is 100 seconds

Robustness value is 2

IGMP querying router is 2.2.2.2 (this system)

Fast leave is disabled on this interface

No multicast groups joined

SMIS# show ip igmp statistics

IGMP statistics for vlan10

Number of general queries received 0

Number of group specific queries received 0

Number of group and source Specific queries received 0

Number of v1/v2 reports received 0

Number of v3 reports received 0

Number of v2 leaves received 0

Number of general queries transmitted 32

Number of group specific queries transmitted 0

Number of group and source specific queries transmitted 0

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1.7.2 Maximum Query Response Time

For every inclusion report received by the querier, the particular interface entry is added in the IGMP

group table for that particular group. A group membership timeout is then started for each

group/interface entry in the IGMP group table. The query response interval is used to calculate the

group membership timeout.

Group membership timeout = (robustness value * query interval) + max query response interval.

Once a query is received by the hosts, they should respond with IGMP reports within the max query

response time. The querier deletes the hosts’ interface entry from the IGMP group table if no reports are

received from the host by the time the group membership timeout is reached.

The default query-max-response time is 100 seconds.

Supermicro switches provide flexibility for users to configure different query-max-response times on

different interfaces.

Follow the steps below to change the query-max-response on any interface.

Step Command Description

Step 1

configure terminal

Enters the configuration mode.

Step 2

interface

<

interface

-

type

>

<

interface

-

id

>

or

interface range <interface-type> <interface-id> ….

Enters the interface configuration

mode.

interface-type – may be any of the

following:

gigabit ethernet – gi

extreme-ethernet – ex

qx-ethernet – qx

vlan

interface-id is in slot/port format for all

physical interfaces. It may be the VLAN

identifier for VLAN interfaces.

To configure multiple interfaces, use

the “interface range …” command. To

provide a range use a hypen (-)

between the start and end interface

numbers. E.g.: int range gi 0/1-10

To provide multiple interfaces or

ranges, separate with a comma (,).

E.g.: int range gi 0/1-10, gi 0/20

If multiple interfaces are provided, the

next step will enable IGMP on all these

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interfaces.

Note: While configuring IGMP on

physical interfaces (gi, ex, qx), make

sure those interfaces are configured as

layer 3 interfaces using the “no

switchport” command in interface

configuration mode.

Step 3

i

p igmp

query

-

max

-

response

-

time <value

>

Configures IGMP query

-

max

-

response

time.

The value of query-max-response time

is 1-255 seconds. Default is 100

seconds.

Step 5

end

Exits the configuration mode.

Step 6

show

ip igmp interface

<interface-type>

<interface-id>

Displays the IGMP

query

-

max

-

response

time information for the given

interface.

Step 7

write startup

-

config

Optional step

–

saves this IGMP

configuration to be part of the startup

configuration.

The

“

no ip igmp

query

-

max

-

response

-

tim

e”

command

resets the query

-

max

-

response

-

time

to its default of 100.

Configure query-max-response times only on the IGMPv2 interface.

The example below shows the commands used to configure IGMP query maximum response time.

Configure IGMP query maximum response time for layer3 VLAN 10

SMIS(config)#configure terminal

SMIS(config)#interface vlan 10

SMIS(config-if)# ip igmp query-max-response-time 255

SMIS(config-if)# end

SMIS# show ip igmp interface

vlan10, line protocol is up

Internet address is 2.2.2.2/8

IGMP is enabled on interface

Current IGMP router version is 2

IGMP query interval is 125 seconds

Last member query response interval is 10 seconds

IGMP max query response time is 255 seconds

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Robustness value is 2

IGMP querying router is 2.2.2.2 (this system)

Fast leave is disabled on this interface

No multicast groups joined

1.7.3 Robustness Value

The robustness value can be fine-tuned to allow for expected packet losses on a subnet. The value of

this variable affects certain IGMP message intervals for IGMPv2 and IGMPv3 as specified below:

• Group membership interval: Amount of time that must pass before a multicast router

determines that there are no more members of a group on a network.

Group membership interval = (Robustness value * query interval) + query response interval.

• Other querier present interval: The robustness value is used to calculate the amount of time that

must pass before a multicast router determines that there is no longer another multicast router

that is the querier.

Other querier present interval = (Robustness value * query interval) + (0.5 * query response

interval).

• Last-member query count: Number of group-specific queries sent before the router assumes

that there are no local members of a group. The number of queries is equal to the robustness

value.

In IGMPv3, devices send a state-change report whenever the interface state changes. The number of

times a state-change report is retransmitted is equal to the robustness value minus one.

The default robustness value is 2. You should increase this value if the subnet is expected to lose

packets.

Supermicro switches provide flexibility for users to configure different robustness value on different

interfaces.

Follow the steps below to change the robustness value on any interface.

Step Command Description

Step 1

configure terminal

Enters the configuration mode.

Step 2

interface

<

interface

-

type

>

<

interface

-

id

>

or

interface range <interface-type> <interface-id> ….

Enters the interface configuration

mode.

interface-type – may be any of the

following:

gigabit ethernet – gi

extreme-ethernet – ex

qx-ethernet – qx

vlan

interface-id is in slot/port format for all

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physical interfaces. It may be the VLAN

identifier for VLAN interfaces.

To configure multiple interfaces, use

the “interface range …” command. To

provide a range use a hypen (-)

between the start and end interface

numbers. E.g.: int range gi 0/1-10

To provide multiple interfaces or

ranges, separate with a comma (,).

E.g.: int range gi 0/1-10, gi 0/20

If multiple interfaces are provided, the

next step will enable IGMP on all these

interfaces.

Note: While configuring IGMP on

physical interfaces (gi, ex, qx), make

sure those interfaces are configured as

layer 3 interfaces using the “no

switchport” command in interface

configuration mode.

Step 3

ip igmp robustness <value

>

Configures

the

IGMP

robustness

value

.

The robustness value can be any

number from 1-255 seconds. Default is

2 seconds.

Step 5

end

Exits the configuration mode.

Step 6

show ip igmp interface

<interface-type>

<interface-id>

Displays the IGMP

robustness

information for the given interface.

Step 7

write startup

-

config

Optional step

–

saves this IGMP

configuration to be part of the startup

configuration.

The

“

no ip igmp

robustness

”

command

resets the robustness

value to

its

default

value of

2.

Configure the robustness value only on IGMPv2 and IGMPv3 interfaces.

The example below shows the commands to configure the IGMP query maximum response time.

Configure IGMP robustness value for layer3 VLAN 10

SMIS(config)#configure terminal

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SMIS(config)#interface vlan 10

SMIS(config-if)# ip igmp robustness 10

SMIS(config-if)# end

SMIS# show ip igmp interface

vlan10, line protocol is up

Internet address is 2.2.2.2/8

IGMP is enabled on the interface

Current IGMP router version is 2

IGMP query interval is 125 seconds

Last member query response interval is 10 seconds

IGMP max query response time is 100 seconds

Robustness value is 10

IGMP querying router is 2.2.2.2 (this system)

Fast leave is disabled on this interface

No multicast groups joined

1.8 Leaving a Multicast Group

Host computers leave multicast groups either silently or by sending IGMP leave messages. Switches

monitor the IGMP leave messages sent by host computers. When a switch receives an IGMP leave

message for any group on an interface, it does not immediately delete the interface from the group

entry on the multicast table. Instead, the switch sends an IGMP group-specific query message on the

interface that received the IGMP leave message. If there are any other IGMP hosts on that interface that

joined the same multicast group, the switch will receive an IGMP member report as a response. If no

hosts respond on that interface, the switch will assume that no other IGMP hosts are connected on that

interface for the same group and will delete the corresponding interface from the group entry on the

multicast table.

Switches follow the above process only for IGMP version 2 leave messages.

The following parameters are used to control the leave message handling procedure in Supermicro

switches.

Group Query Interval – This configures the amount of time a switch will wait to get response for its

group specific queries from IGMP hosts.

Immediate Leave – This configures the switch to have the host leave immediately instead of sending

group specific query messages to look for other IGMP hosts on the interface that received an IGMP

leave message.

These parameters can be configured as explained below.

IGMP Configuration Guide

Supermicro L2/L3 Switches

Configuration Guide

19

1.8.1 Last Member Query Interval

Switches send group specific query messages on the interface that received an IGMP leave message.

Switches wait for the group query interval time to get a response from the hosts for its group specific

query messages. If they receive any host member report as a response, they will drop the leave message

received earlier on that interface. If they do not receive any response from hosts for a group query

interval time, the switches will remove the interface from the group entry in the multicast forwarding

table.

Users can configure this last member query interval. The default last member query interval is 10

seconds.

Follow the steps below to configure the last member query interval.

Step Command Description

Step 1

configure terminal

Enters the configuration mode.

Step

2

interface

<

interface

-

type

>

<

interface

-

id

>

or

interface range <interface-type> <interface-id> ….

Enters the interface configuration

mode.

interface-type – may be any of the

following:

gigabit ethernet – gi

extreme-ethernet – ex

qx-ethernet – qx

vlan

interface-id is in slot/port format for all

physical interfaces. It may be the VLAN

identifier for VLAN interfaces.

To configure multiple interfaces, use

the “interface range …” command. To

provide a range use a hypen (-)

between the start and end interface

numbers. E.g.: int range gi 0/1-10

To provide multiple interfaces or

ranges, separate with a comma (,).

E.g.: int range gi 0/1-10, gi 0/20

If multiple interfaces are provided, the

next step will enable IGMP on all these

interfaces.

Note: While configuring IGMP on

physical interfaces (gi, ex, qx), make

sure those interfaces are configured as

IGMP Configuration Guide

Supermicro L2/L3 Switches

Configuration Guide

20

layer 3 interfaces using

the

“no

switchport” command in the interface

configuration mode.

Step 3

ip igmp

last

-

member

-

query

-

interval

<value>

Configures the

last member

query

interval.

The last member query interval value

can be any number from 1-255

seconds. Default is 2 seconds.

Step 4

end

Exits the configuration mode.

Step 5

show ip igmp interface

<interface-type>

<interface-id>

Displays the IGMP

last member

query

interval information for the given

interface(s).

Step 6

write startup

-

config

Optional step

–

saves this IGMP

configuration to be part of the startup

configuration.

The

“

no ip igmp

last

-

member

-

query

-

interval

”

command

resets the

last member

query

interval value to its default value of 10 seconds.

The last member query interval should be configured only on an IGMPv2 or IGMPv3

interface.

The example below shows the commands used to configure the last member query interval time.

Configure the last member query interval time as 250 seconds for layer3 VLAN10.

SMIS(config)#configure terminal

SMIS(config)#interface vlan 10

SMIS(config-if)# ip igmp last-member-query-interval 250

SMIS(config-if)#end

SMIS# show ip igmp interface

vlan10, line protocol is up

Internet address is 2.2.2.2/8

IGMP is enabled on interface

Current IGMP router version is 2

IGMP query interval is 125 seconds

Last member query response interval is 250 seconds

IGMP max query response time is 100 seconds

Robustness value is 2

IGMP querying router is 2.2.2.2 (this system)

Fast leave is disabled on this interface

No multicast groups joined

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