Campbell Scientific CS475A Owner's manual

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Revision: 02/2020
Copyright © 2009 2020
Campbell Scientific, Inc.
Limited warranty
“Products manufactured by CSI are warranted by CSI to be free from defects in materials and
workmanship under normal use and service for twelve months from the date of shipment unless
otherwise specified in the corresponding product manual. (Product manuals are available for
review online at www.campbellsci.com.) Products not manufactured by CSI, but that are resold by
CSI, are warranted only to the limits extended by the original manufacturer. Batteries, fine-wire
thermocouples, desiccant, and other consumables have no warranty. CSI’s obligation under this
warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at CSI’s option) defective Products, which shall be
the sole and exclusive remedy under this warranty. The Customer assumes all costs of removing,
reinstalling, and shipping defective Products to CSI. CSI will return such Products by surface
carrier prepaid within the continental United States of America. To all other locations, CSI will
return such Products best way CIP (port of entry) per Incoterms
®
2010. This warranty shall not
apply to any Products which have been subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, improper
service, accidents of nature, or shipping damage. This warranty is in lieu of all other warranties,
expressed or implied. The warranty for installation services performed by CSI such as
programming to customer specifications, electrical connections to Products manufactured by CSI,
and Product specific training, is part of CSI's product warranty. CSI EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS AND
EXCLUDES ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE. CSI hereby disclaims, to the fullest extent allowed by applicable law, any and all
warranties and conditions with respect to the Products, whether express, implied or statutory,
other than those expressly provided herein.
Assistance
Products may not be returned without prior authorization. The following contact information is
for US and international customers residing in countries served by Campbell Scientific, Inc.
directly. Affiliate companies handle repairs for customers within their territories. Please visit
www.campbellsci.com to determine which Campbell Scientific company serves your country.
To obtain a Returned Materials Authorization (RMA) number, contact CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC,
INC., phone (435) 227-9000. Please write the issued RMA number clearly on the outside of the
shipping container. Campbell Scientific’s shipping address is:
CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC, INC.
RMA#_____
815 West 1800 North
Logan, Utah 84321-1784
For all returns, the customer must fill out a Statement of Product Cleanliness and
Decontamination” form and comply with the requirements specified in it. The form is available
from our website at www.campbellsci.com/repair. A completed form must be either emailed to
repair@campbellsci.com or faxed to (435) 227-9106. Campbell Scientific is unable to process any
returns until we receive this form. If the form is not received within three days of product receipt
or is incomplete, the product will be returned to the customer at the customers expense.
Campbell Scientific reserves the right to refuse service on products that were exposed to
contaminants that may cause health or safety concerns for our employees.
Safety
DANGER MANY HAZARDS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH INSTALLING, USING, MAINTAINING, AND WORKING ON OR AROUND TRIPODS,
TOWERS, AND ANY ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES, ANTENNAS, ETC. FAILURE
TO PROPERLY AND COMPLETELY ASSEMBLE, INSTALL, OPERATE, USE, AND MAINTAIN TRIPODS, TOWERS, AND ATTACHMENTS, AND
FAILURE TO HEED WARNINGS, INCREASES THE RISK OF DEATH, ACCIDENT, SERIOUS INJURY, PROPERTY DAMAGE, AND PRODUCT FAILURE.
TAKE ALL REASONABLE PRECAUTIONS TO AVOID THESE HAZARDS. CHECK WITH YOUR ORGANIZATION'S SAFETY COORDINATOR (OR
POLICY) FOR PROCEDURES AND REQUIRED PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT PRIOR TO PERFORMING ANY WORK.
Use tripods, towers, and attachments to tripods and towers only for purposes for which they are designed. Do not exceed design limits. Be
familiar and comply with all instructions provided in product manuals. Manuals are available at www.campbellsci.com or by telephoning
(435) 227-9000 (USA). You are responsible for conformance with governing codes and regulations, including safety regulations, and the
integrity and location of structures or land to which towers, tripods, and any attachments are attached. Installation sites should be evaluated
and approved by a qualified engineer. If questions or concerns arise regarding installation, use, or maintenance of tripods, towers,
attachments, or electrical connections, consult with a licensed and qualified engineer or electrician.
General
l Prior to performing site or installation work, obtain required approvals and permits. Comply with all governing structure-height
regulations, such as those of the FAA in the USA.
l Use only qualified personnel for installation, use, and maintenance of tripods and towers, and any attachments to tripods and
towers. The use of licensed and qualified contractors is highly recommended.
l Read all applicable instructions carefully and understand procedures thoroughly before beginning work.
l Wear a hardhat and eye protection, and take other appropriate safety precautions while working on or around tripods and towers.
l Do not climb tripods or towers at any time, and prohibit climbing by other persons. Take reasonable precautions to secure tripod
and tower sites from trespassers.
l Use only manufacturer recommended parts, materials, and tools.
Utility and Electrical
l You can be killed or sustain serious bodily injury if the tripod, tower, or attachments you are installing, constructing, using, or
maintaining, or a tool, stake, or anchor, come in contact with overhead or underground utility lines.
l Maintain a distance of at least one-and-one-half times structure height, 20 feet, or the distance required by applicable law,
whichever is greater, between overhead utility lines and the structure (tripod, tower, attachments, or tools).
l Prior to performing site or installation work, inform all utility companies and have all underground utilities marked.
l Comply with all electrical codes. Electrical equipment and related grounding devices should be installed by a licensed and qualified
electrician.
Elevated Work and Weather
l Exercise extreme caution when performing elevated work.
l Use appropriate equipment and safety practices.
l During installation and maintenance, keep tower and tripod sites clear of un-trained or non-essential personnel. Take precautions to
prevent elevated tools and objects from dropping.
l Do not perform any work in inclement weather, including wind, rain, snow, lightning, etc.
Maintenance
l Periodically (at least yearly) check for wear and damage, including corrosion, stress cracks, frayed cables, loose cable clamps, cable
tightness, etc. and take necessary corrective actions.
l Periodically (at least yearly) check electrical ground connections.
WHILE EVERY ATTEMPT IS MADE TO EMBODY THE HIGHEST DEGREE OF SAFETY IN ALL CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTS, THE CUSTOMER
ASSUMES ALL RISK FROM ANY INJURY RESULTING FROM IMPROPER INSTALLATION, USE, OR MAINTENANCE OF TRIPODS, TOWERS, OR
ATTACHMENTS TO TRIPODS AND TOWERS SUCH AS SENSORS, CROSSARMS, ENCLOSURES, ANTENNAS, ETC.
Table of contents
1. Introduction 1
2. Precautions 1
3. Initial inspection 2
4. QuickStart 2
5. Overview 5
5.1 Components and hardware 7
6. Specifications 7
6.1 Radar unit 8
6.2 Environmental 9
6.3 Physical 9
7. Installation 10
7.1 Wiring to data logger 10
7.1.1 Built-in self-test (BIST) 11
7.2 Data logger programming 11
7.2.1 SDI-12 programming 12
7.3 Site selection 12
7.4 Mount and align sensor 13
7.5 Determine and set reference stage 16
8. Operation 17
8.1 Default settings 17
8.2 Configuring sensor using Device Configuration Utility 18
8.3 Updating operating system 20
8.4 Configuring sensor via extended SDI-12 commands and terminal emulator 21
8.5 SDI-12 measurement commands 37
9. Diagnostics, repair, and maintenance 41
9.1 Testing procedure 41
9.2 Cyclic redundancy check 41
9.3 Diagnostics 42
Table of Contents - iv
9.4 Maintenance 42
Appendix A. Importing Short Cut code into CRBasic Editor 43
Appendix B. Example programs 44
Appendix C. SDI-12 version 1.4 identify measurement commands and
responses 46
Appendix D. FCC/IC equipment authorization (USA/Canada only) 49
Table of Contents - v
1. Introduction
The CS475A radar sensor monitors the water level of rivers, lakes, tidal seas, and reservoirs, and is
ideal for areas where submersed sensors can be damaged due to corrosion, contamination,
flood-related debris, lightning, or vandalism. It outputs a digital SDI-12 signal to indicate
distance and stage. All contemporary Campbell Scientific data loggers can read the SDI-12 signal.
NOTE:
This manual provides information only for CRBasic data loggers. The CS475A is also
compatible with many of our retired Edlog data loggers. For Edlog data logger support,
contact Campbell Scientific.
2. Precautions
l READ AND UNDERSTAND the Safety (p. iii) section at the front of this manual.
l Follow country-specific installation standards, prevailing safety regulations, accident
prevention rules, and this manuals safety instructions. The sensor is designed for safe
operation in accordance with the current technical, safety, and ANSI standards.
l The emitting frequencies of the CS475A is well below the internationally permitted limits.
When used correctly, the radar sensor presents no danger to people.
l Do not attempt to install the sensor unless you are qualified to perform the installation.
l Handle the sensor carefully, since it is a precision instrument.
l If installing the sensor from tall structures over water, use appropriate safety equipment
such as a safety harness or a life preserver when installing or performing maintenance on
the sensor.
l The user is responsible for ensuring that the sensor is maintained and functioning properly.
CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor 1
3. Initial inspection
When unpacking the equipment, do the following:
l Unpack the unit in a clean, dry area.
l Carefully open the shipping package, ensuring that the cable jacket is not damaged or cut.
Contact Campbell Scientific if the cable was damaged during unpacking.
l Inspect the equipment for any damage that occurred during shipping. If equipment was
damaged during shipping, file a claim with the carrier and report the damage in detail.
4. QuickStart
A video that describes data logger programming using Short Cut is available at:
www.campbellsci.com/videos/cr1000x-datalogger-getting-started-program-part-3 . Short Cut
is an easy way to program your data logger to measure the sensor and assign data logger wiring
terminals. Short Cut is available as a download on www.campbellsci.com. It is included in
installations of LoggerNet, RTDAQ, PC400, or PC200W.
1. Open Short Cut and click Create New Program.
2. Double-click the data logger model.
3. In the search box under the Available Sensors and Devices heading, start typing CS475A, or
find the sensor in the Sensors > Water > Level & Flow > CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor
folder. Double-click CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor (average stage) or CS475A Radar
Water Level Sensor (stage) (FIGURE 4-1 (p. 3)). The CS475A (stage) measurement issues the
M! command and collects four values (stage, distance, battery voltage at the sensor, and
error codes) (FIGURE 4-2 (p. 3)). The CS475A (average stage) issues the M1! command and
completes a NOAA PORTS measurement; the user must configure the sensor for the
number of measurements included in the average (FIGURE 4-3 (p. 3)).
SDI-12 Address defaults to 0. Enter the correct SDI-12 Address for the radar sensor if it has
been changed from the factory default value. Default units for stage and distance
measurements are in feet. Change the units to Meter if the System Units have been
changed to meters.
CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor 2
NOTE:
Changing the units in Short Cut will NOT change the units in the device or provide any
unit conversions by the data logger. It will only update the units label in the data table.
FIGURE 4-1. Short Cut, Sensor Selection
FIGURE 4-2. Short Cut, CS475A Stage Properties
FIGURE 4-3. Short Cut, CS475A Average Stage Properties
CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor 3
4. Click the Wiring tab to see how the sensor is wired to the data logger. You can change a
wire location by selecting the control terminal (C) (FIGURE 4-4 (p. 4)). Click OK after wiring
the sensor.
FIGURE 4-4. Short Cut, Change Wire Location
CAUTION:
Wire the sensor in this order: white, clear, red, black.
5. Repeat steps three and four for other sensors.
CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor 4
6. In Output Setup, type the scan rate, a Table Name, and Data Output Storage Interval
(FIGURE 4-5 (p. 5)). Click Next.
FIGURE 4-5. Short Cut, Output Setup
NOTE:
Because of the delays using SDI-12, Campbell Scientific recommends measurement
scans of 10 seconds or more.
7. Select the output options.
8. Click Finish and save the program. Send the program to the data logger if the data logger
is connected to the computer.
9. If the sensor is connected to the data logger, check the output of the sensor in the data
display in LoggerNet, RTDAQ, PC400, or PC200W to make sure it is making reasonable
measurements.
5. Overview
The CS475A emits short microwave pulses and measures the elapsed time between the emission
and return of the pulses. The elapsed time measurement is used to calculate the distance
between the sensor face and the target (for example, water, grain, slurry). The distance value can
be used to determine depth of the medium (FIGURE 5-1 (p. 6)).
This radar sensor outputs a digital SDI-12 signal to indicate distance and stage. The output is
acceptable for recording devices with SDI-12 capability.
CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor 5
The CS475A can measure distances up to 35 m (114.8 ft) with an accuracy of ±2 mm (0.0065 ft).
Once the water surface gets within 0.5 m of the sensor, the accuracy will decrease linearly the
closer the water surface gets to the sensor.
FIGURE 5-1. CS475A stage, distance, and offset
Features:
l Meets USGS Office of Surface Water (OSW) requirements for accuracy
l SDI-12 1.4 functionality including SHEF coded metadata
l 1 Hz measurements
l Monitors tides for NOAA physical oceanographic real-time system (PORTS®)
l Supports False Echo Suppression via extended SDI-12 command
l Easy to set up and configure over USB or SDI-12
l Low power mode available
l Optional display
l FCC compliant; individual FCC license not required
l Low maintenance—no moving parts significantly reduces maintenance cost and time
l Rugged enough for harsh environments—IP68 rating
l Compatible with Campbell Scientific data loggers CR6, CR3000, CR1000X, CR800 series,
CR300 series, and CR1000
CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor 6
5.1 Components and hardware
The radar sensor consists of an integrated microwave transmitter and sensor together with a horn
antenna (FIGURE 5-2 (p. 7)). The horn antenna serves to focus the transmitted signal and to
receive the reflected echo. A built-in SDI-12 interface provides data processing and SDI-12
communications with the data logger.
1 Mounting loop
2 Housing side cap
3 Housing cap
4
Unit secondary 0.5 inch NPT cable port,
primary port on opposite side
5 Instrument horn
FIGURE 5-2. Components and hardware
6. Specifications
Measurement range:
0.5 to 35 m (1.64 to 114.8 ft); d in
FIGURE 6-1 (p. 8)
Accuracy:
±2 mm (±0.0065 ft)
Resolution:
1 mm (0.0033 ft)
CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor 7
Output protocol:
SDI-12 1.4
Complianceinformation:
View the EU Declaration of Conformity at:
www.campbellsci.com/cs475a-l
FIGURE 6-1. Reference line for measurement range
6.1 Radar unit
Frequency:
~26 GHz
Pulse energy:
1 mW maximum
Beam angle:
10° (3-inch diameter horn)
Powerrequirements
Input voltage:
9.6 to 32 VDC
Surge protection:
1.5 kVA
CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor 8
Table 6-1: Power mode, current draw, and measurement response
Power
mode
Nominal Current Draw
Measurement response time
Sleep
state
Measurement
state
Maximum
Normal 5 mA < 7 mA 8 mA < 1 s
Low <550µA <7mA 8mA
60 s + (5 × Integration Time) + (Measurement
Time)
For example:
The measurement response time for the default
integration time of 2 s and a measurement time of
1 s is:
Measurement Response Time = 60 s + (5 × 2 s) + 1
s = 71 s
6.2 Environmental
Operatingtemperaturerange:
–40 to 80 °C
Storage ranges
Temperature:
–40 to 80 °C
Relative humidity:
20 to 80% RH
Vibration resistance:
Mechanical vibrations with 4 g and 5 to 100 Hz
6.3 Physical
See FIGURE 6-2 (p. 10) for dimensions.
Mechanicalrating:
IP66/68
Housing material:
Aluminum
Horn material:
PVDF plastic
Weight:
2 kg (4 lb)
CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor 9
FIGURE 6-2. CS475A dimensions
7. Installation
If you are programming your data logger with Short Cut, skip Wiring to data logger (p. 10) and
Data logger programming (p. 11). Short Cut does this work for you. See QuickStart (p. 2) for a
Short Cut tutorial.
7.1 Wiring to data logger
Connections to Campbell Scientific data loggers are given in Table 7-1 (p. 11).
CAUTION:
Connect the wires in the order shown in Table 7-1 (p. 11).
CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor 10
Table 7-1: Wire color, function, and data logger connection
Wire color Wire function Data logger or RTU terminal
White SDI-12 signal
SDI-12 Data, C, SDI-12,
or U configured for SDI-12
1
Clear Shield (analog ground)
Red Power 12V
Black Power ground G
1
U and C terminals are automatically configured by the measurement instruction for Campbell Scientific CR6 data
logger.
Campbell Scientific recommends using separate terminals when possible. However, multiple SDI-
12 sensors can be connected to a single data logger control or U terminal. Each SDI-12 device
must have a unique SDI-12 address.
For the CR6 and CR1000X Campbell Scientific data loggers, triggering conflicts may occur when a
companion terminal is used for a triggering instruction such as TimerInput(), PulseCount
(), or WaitDigTrig(). For example, if the CS475A is connected to C3 on a CR1000X, C4
cannot be used in the TimerInput(), PulseCount(), or WaitDigTrig() instructions.
7.1.1 Built-in self-test (BIST)
After connecting the sensor to power, the sensor performs a BIST (built-in self-test) for
approximately 50 seconds (factory default). During this self-check, an internal check of the
electronics occurs.
7.2 Data logger programming
Short Cut is the best source for up-to-date programming code for Campbell Scientific data
loggers. If your data acquisition requirements are simple, you can probably create and maintain a
data logger program exclusively with Short Cut. If your data acquisition needs are more complex,
the files that Short Cut creates are a great source for programming code to start a new program
or add to an existing custom program.
NOTE:
Short Cut cannot edit programs after they are imported and edited in CRBasic Editor.
A Short Cut tutorial is available in QuickStart (p. 2). If you wish to import Short Cut code into
CRBasic Editor to create or add to a customized program, follow the procedure in Importing
Short Cut code into CRBasic Editor (p. 43). Programming basics for CRBasic data loggers are
CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor 11
provided in the following sections. Complete program examples can be found in Example
programs (p. 44).
7.2.1 SDI-12 programming
The SDI12Recorder() instruction is used to measure a CS475A configured for SDI-12
measurements. This instruction sends a request to the sensor to make a measurement and then
retrieves the measurement from the sensor. See SDI-12 measurement commands (p. 37) for more
information.
For most data loggers, the SDI12Recorder() instruction has the following syntax:
SDI12Recorder(Destination, SDIPort, SDIAddress, “SDICommand”, Multiplier,
Offset, FillNAN, WaitonTimeout)
For the SDIAddress, alphabetical characters need to be enclosed in quotes (for example, A”).
Also enclose the SDICommand in quotes as shown. The Destination parameter must be an
array. The required number of values in the array depends on the command (see Table 8-4 (p.
39)).
FillNAN and WaitonTimeout are optional parameters (refer to CRBasic Help for more
information).
7.3 Site selection
1. Mount the sensor high enough to prevent submersion during flooding conditions.
WARNING:
Since the sensor is commonly installed over water from tall structures, use appropriate
safety equipment such as a safety harness or a life preserver when installing or
performing maintenance on the sensor.
2. Install the sensor above the smoothest part of the water surface.
NOTE:
The smoothest part of the water surface is typically found halfway between bridge piers.
However, bridges with long spans between the piers experience more vibration. For
these bridges, vibration can be minimized by mounting the sensor a quarter to a third
of the distance to the next pier.
3. Avoid mounting near horizontal structural surfaces such as beams, brackets, and sidewall
joints because these surfaces reflect a strong signal. If these structures cannot be avoided,
CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor 12
use the False Echo Supression command (aXFES=xxx.xx!) to map out the interfering
structures in the beam profile.
4. Center the sensor beam a minimum of 2.5 m (8.2 ft) from any obstruction (both above and
under water) in the measurement range. Obstructions to be aware of include excessive
waves, splashing, pipes, wires, rocks, bridge piers, and logs. The radiation beam path
spreads as it leaves the sensor (Table 7-2 (p. 13)).
NOTE:
Usually the beam angle is 10°.
Table 7-2: Radiation beam spread (10° beam angle)
Distance (m) Footprint diameter (m)
1 0.18
5 0.87
10 1.76
15 2.64
20 3.53
25 4.37
30 5.25
35 6.12
5. Be aware that bridges contract and expand with temperature changes. Traffic loads or
trucks can also cause changes to the bridge height.
7.4 Mount and align sensor
1. Orient the sensor such that one of its polarization markings is aligned or parallel with the
wall or pier (FIGURE 7-1 (p. 14)). The polarization markings are designated by the mounting
loop screws.
CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor 13
FIGURE 7-1. Polarization markings
2. Securely mount the sensor. Mounting hardware is included with the sensor.
3. After mounting, you can rotate the housing up to 35 to simplify access to the conduit
entry and terminal compartment. To rotate the housing to the desired position:
a. Loosen the set screw on the housing (FIGURE 7-2 (p. 15)).
b. Rotate the housing as desired.
c. Tighten the set screw.
CS475A Radar Water Level Sensor 14
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