Instruction
Manual
Ceramic shear
accelerometers
(Low impedance,
Voltage mode)
Types
8714B...,
8740A...,
8774B...,
8775A...,
8776B...,
8778A...,
8784A...,
8786A...
ä
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Foreword
Foreword
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Thank you for choosing a Kistler quality product characterized
by technical innovation, precision and long life.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice.
Kistler reserves the right to change or improve its products and
make changes in the content without obligation to notify any
person or organization of such changes or improvements.
© 2016 ... 2023 Kistler Group. Kistler Group products are pro-
tected by various intellectual property rights. For more details
visit www.kistler.com. The Kistler Group includes Kistler Holding
AG and all its subsidiaries in Europe, Asia, the Americas and
Australia.
Kistler Group
Eulachstrasse 22
8408 Winterthur
Switzerland
Tel. +41 52 224 11 11
info@kistler.com
www.kistler.com
Page 1
8714B_002-777e-10.23Page 2
Ceramic shear accelerometers
Content
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................4
2. Important information ......................................................................................................................5
2.1 Using this manual ...................................................................................................................5
2.2 For your safety .......................................................................................................................5
2.3 Precautions ............................................................................................................................6
2.4 Disposal of electronic equipment ...........................................................................................6
2.5 Nomenclature .........................................................................................................................7
3. Product description ..........................................................................................................................8
3.1 Supplied items ........................................................................................................................8
4. Technical information, functional description ...............................................................................9
4.1 Piezoelectric measurement concept ......................................................................................9
4.2 Ceramic shear background ....................................................................................................9
4.3 Low impedance (IEPE) output..............................................................................................10
4.4 Accessories ..........................................................................................................................12
4.4.1 Studs .......................................................................................................................12
4.4.2 Mounting block ........................................................................................................12
4.4.3 Cables .....................................................................................................................13
5. Installation.......................................................................................................................................14
5.1 General.................................................................................................................................14
5.2 Surface preparation ..............................................................................................................15
5.3 Stud mounting ......................................................................................................................15
5.4 Direct adhesive mounting .....................................................................................................16
5.5 Adapter for adhesive mounting.............................................................................................18
5.6 Mounting with wax ................................................................................................................18
5.7 Magnetic mounting ...............................................................................................................19
5.8 Summary of mounting methods ...........................................................................................20
5.9 Securing cables ....................................................................................................................21
5.10 Mass loading eects ...........................................................................................................22
6. Operating instructions ...................................................................................................................23
6.1 Powering ..............................................................................................................................23
6.1.1 Using "Built-In" power sources................................................................................23
6.1.2 Kistler couplers .......................................................................................................24
6.1.3 The constant current power supply/coupler ............................................................24
6.1.4 Sensor power-up ....................................................................................................26
Page 38714B_002-777e-10.23
Content
Total pages: 50
6.1.5 Overload recovery ..................................................................................................27
6.1.6 Supply voltage eects .............................................................................................27
6.1.7 Driving long cables .................................................................................................28
6.1.8 Ground loops ..........................................................................................................30
6.1.9 Ground isolation ......................................................................................................32
6.1.10 Frequency Response limits ..................................................................................32
6.1.11 Frequency Response denition and standards .....................................................32
6.1.12 High Frequency limitations ...................................................................................33
6.1.13 Low Frequency limitations - accelerometer ..........................................................34
6.1.14 Low Frequency limitations - coupler and read-out instrumentation ......................35
7. Technical data .................................................................................................................................36
8. Calibration and maintenance ........................................................................................................37
8.1 Calibration ............................................................................................................................37
8.2 Maintenance .........................................................................................................................37
8.3 Troubleshooting ....................................................................................................................38
8.4 Repairs .................................................................................................................................38
8.4.1 Type 8778A500M14 power & signal replacement leads .........................................39
8.5 Cleaning ...............................................................................................................................40
8.6 Calibration ............................................................................................................................41
9. Storage and transit considerations ..............................................................................................42
10. Warranty ........................................................................................................................................43
11. Declaration of conformity ............................................................................................................44
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Ceramic shear accelerometers
Page 4
Thank you for choosing a quality product from Kistler. Please
read through this manual thoroughly to enable you to fully
utilize the various features of your product.
To the extent permitted by law Kistler accepts no liability if
this instruction manual is not followed, or if products other
than those listed under Accessories are used.
These instructions describe Kistler Ceramic Shear Accelero-
meters.
Performance features at a glance:
Small envelop
Lightweight
Low impedance voltage mode
High sensitivity, high resolution
Low transverse sensitivity
Conforming to ä
Kistler oers a wide range of products for use in measuring
technology:
Piezoelectric sensors for measuring force, torque, strain,
pressure, acceleration, shock, vibration and acoustic
emission
Strain gage sensor systems for measuring force and
torque
Piezoresistive pressure sensors and transmitters
Signal conditioners, indicators and calibrators
Electronic control and monitoring systems, as well as
software for specic measurement applications
Data transmission modules (telemetry)
Kistler also develops and produces measuring solutions
for the application elds engines, vehicles, manufacturing,
plastics and biomechanics sectors.
Our product and application brochures, in addition to our
detailed data sheets, will provide you with an overview of our
product range. All unit measurements provided are listed in
order of metric units, followed by imperial units [in brackets].
If you require additional help beyond what can be located
online or in this manual, please contact Kistler‘s extensive
support organization or visit us online at www.kistler.com.
1. Introduction
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Important information
Page 5
2. Important information
This product has been manufactured in compliance with
current valid safety regulations. It has left the factory in a
perfect, safe condition. In order to maintain this condition and
ensure safe operation, compliance is required with the inst-
ructions and warning notes contained within this manual or
imprinted on the product itself.
Compliance with local safety regulations, which may apply
to the use of power line operated electrical and electronic
equipment, is strongly recommended.
Do not drop the instrument.
Store in the case provided and in a clean, dry environ-
ment.
Power the instrument in accordance with the instructions
provided in this manual.
Do not mount accelerometers on high voltage surfaces.
Keep cable clear of power lines and open machinery.
It is essential for you to review the following information,
which is intended to ensure your personal safety when
working with the Ceramic Shear IEPE Accelerometers and
contribute toward a longer service life.
2.2 For your safety
2.1 Using this manual
Information contained herein includes a technical description,
installation and operating instructions, powering and
considerations for cable length for all Ceramic Shear
Accelerometers listed on the title page. Section 8 contains a
listing of mounting accessories and cables available to assist
with your measurement needs.
It is recommended that the entire manual be read prior to
installation and operation of Ceramic Shear Accelerometers.
The user who has prior experience with IEPE/Voltage mode
type accelerometers may want to conne reading to particular
sections of interest.
Information contained herein may be subject to change.
If there is any questions concerning the operation of this
product, contact your Kistler representative for assistance.
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Ceramic shear accelerometers
Page 6
2.4 Disposal of electronic equipment
2.3 Precautions
Compliance with the following precautionary measures is
vital to ensure safe and reliable operation:
▪ Never expose the instrument to contamination or oil mist.
▪ Never operate or store the instrument outside the specified
temperature range.
▪ Never exceed the maximum stated voltage.
▪ DO NOT OVER TIGHTEN while stud or screw mounting
the sensor
▪ Do not expose the unit to excessive shock, i.e. by using a
hammer or dropping the unit.
▪ When not in use, store the accelerometer in the container
supplied.
▪ The environment should be as dry, clean and free from
vibrations as possible.
▪ Keep the connector clean and covered when not in use.
▪ Follow the recommendations detailed in Section 8.2.
If there is evidence that safe operation is no longer possib-
le, the instrument must be powered o and rendered safe
against accidental start-up. Safe operation is no longer pos-
sible when the product:
▪ shows visible signs of damage
▪ is no longer operating
▪ has been subjected to prolonged storage under unsuitable
conditions
Do not discard old electronic equipment in municipal trash.
For disposal at end of life, please return this product to the
nearest authorized electronic waste disposal service or
contact your Kistler sales oce for disposal instructions.
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Important information
Page 7
Throughout this manual, special designations and
nomenclature are used for terms and concepts relating to
Ceramic Shear sensors. These are identied in Table 1.
Term Definition
Fs Full-scale
Es DC supply voltage (a/k/a compliance voltage)
Eb Bias voltage (from calibration certicate)
fFrequency in Hz
R1Output resistance of the coupler
R2Input resistance of the coupler
ICurrent in Amperes
CDecoupling Capacitor (Capacitance in Farads)
τTime Constant
EOutput in Volts, Peak
RRead-out impedance
ZInput impedance
IEPE Integrated Electronics Piezoelectric
Rs Source Resistor
TEDS Transducer Electronic Data Sheet
Table 1: Manual nomenclature
2.5 Nomenclature
Types 8714B…T, 8740A...T, and 8775A050T/TSP are
a 'smart sensor' version where an electronic data sheet
, showing basic accelerometer information, may be
viewed. This data sheet referred to by the acronym TEDS
(Transducer Electronic Data Sheet) requires additional
system components. Contact Kistler for details.
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Ceramic shear accelerometers
Page 8
3. Product description
3.1 Supplied items
Kistler ceramic shear IEPE accelerometers are shear
mode vibration measuring instruments. A self-generating
piezoelectric sensing element is used in conjunction with
the built-in internal circuit Piezotron® charge converter.
As with most accelerometers, the sensitivity of this
series is expressed in terms of the ratio of the electrical
output to applied acceleration (e.g. mV/g). In the case of
Piezotron devices such as ceramic shear, the output is a
low impedance voltage signal, which is proportional to the
applied acceleration. Being a low impedance device, no
external charge amplier or special cabling is required and
transmission over long lines is possible with a minimum of
noise pick-up.
All accelerometers designed for stud mounting are supplied
with appropriate studs. Units intended for adhesive mounting
are provided with Petro Wax. The supplied accessories are
included in the unit specications on the data sheet.
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Product description
Page 9
4. Technical information, functional description
This section provides the user with a quick means of
placing the Kistler Ceramic Shear Accelerometers into
operation. Careful installation will result in optimal, high
frequency response, accuracy and reliability. Dimensional
characteristics can be found on their respective data sheets.
4.1 Piezoelectric measurement concept
Piezoelectric accelerometers convert acceleration into an
electric charge. The charge derived by the accelerometer
is proportional to the force, from a known mass, acting on
the internal ceramic (piezoelectric) element. Accordingly, the
mechanical variable (acceleration) is derived from a force
measurement.
4.2 Ceramic shear background
A typical Kistler sensing assembly (See Fig. 1) consists of
a center post, piezoelectric ceramic element and a seismic
mass mechanically preloaded, with or without a preload bolt.
Since the unit is operated in a shear arrangement it will sense
motion perpendicular to the base. When the accelerometer
is attached to a vibrating structure, the mass exerts a shear
force on the ceramic element. This applied force causes the
piezoelectric material to produce an electric charge. Since
force is mass times acceleration (from Newton's second law),
the charge produced is proportional to acceleration, since m
is constant. This is represented by:
a = F
—
m
Fig. 1: Inside view of a typical single-axis, annular shear
accelerometer
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Ceramic shear accelerometers
Page 10
The Ceramic Shear sensing element oers many advantages
over previous compression mode designs. Due to its shear
construction, the accelerometer element is less sensitive to
thermal transients, transverse (cross-axis) motion, and the
eects of base strain than a compression element.
Kistler initially introduced the Shear design concept using a
quartz element that has become a standard with many users.
Ceramic Shear Accelerometers employ similar ring shear and
annular shear designs that provide the same advantages.
4.3 Low impedance (IEPE) output
Contained within the accelerometer housing is a miniature
electronic circuit. This circuit converts the high impedance
charge signal generated by the piezoelectric element into
a low impedance voltage output signal. All accelerometer
Types 8714B, 8740A, 8774B, 8775A, 8776B, 8778A, 8784A
and 8786A have a nominal output less than 500 ohms. The
integral charge amplier is powered by an external power
source (coupler) that uses a two-wire cable between the
accelerometer and coupler. The signal and power source
share a common line. The coupler provides a constant
current source to the accelerometer and decouples the DC
bias (see Section 6.1.3) from the measuring instrument. The
useable signal is seen as a varying voltage over an 11 VDC
(nominal) bias.
Low impedance accelerometers are ideally suited for appli-
cations where long cables are required, in high humidity or
other harsh environments. In addition, they eliminate the dif-
culties associated with high impedance outputs by providing
a voltage signal with low impedance and high frequency re-
sponse. The sensitivity of these accelerometers are given in
mV/g.
Table 2 depicts a typical low impedance measurement chain.
Couplers vary considerably in appearance, depending upon
the application and the number of sensors making up the
system. It can also be directly integrated to the data acquisi-
tion system.
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Product description
Page 11
Table 2: Low impedance measuring chain
Measuring Connecting Amplifying/Acquiring
OR
Kistler LabAmp Type 5165A...
Signal Conditioning & Data
Acquisition (Analog & Digital Output)
IEPE Compatible Data Acquistion
Unit (customer supplied)
Type 1761B...
+ Type 1721
Type 87xx...
Sensor with
integral cable
Sensor without
integral cable
Type 87xx...sp
5050B
8202A
8702B
5165A
Data Accquisition Unit
8763B
8395A
8315A
5146A15
5134B
5165A
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Ceramic shear accelerometers
Page 12
4.4 Accessories
All accelerometers designed for stud mounting are supplied
with the appropriate studs. See Table 3 for more details re-
garding mounting stud dimensions, or refer to the unit speci-
fications listed on the respective data sheet for each model.
Type A B C D E Used with
8402 2.54
[0.10]
2.54
[0.10]
5.6
[0.22] 10-32 10-32 8784A...,
8786A...
8410 6.35
[0.25]
3.30
[0.13]
2.03
[0.08] ¼–28 10-32 8784A...,
8786A...
8411 2.79
[0.11]
6.60
[0.26]
10.4
[0.41] 10-32 M6 8784A...,
8786A...
8416 2.29
[0.09]
3.18
[0.13]
6.60
[0.26] 5-40 10-32 8740A...
4.4.1 Studs
Table 3: Mounting studs (dimensions in mm [in])
4.4.2 Mounting block
Type 8775A... can come with a unique mounting block, Type
8475AK01, to allow the sensor to be oriented in multiple di-
rections. See Figure 2 for more details regarding mounting
block dimensions.
Fig. 2: Type 8475AK01 (dimensions in in.)
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Product description
Page 13
4.4.3 Cables
Type 1511x · Output cable BNC pos. to BNC pos.
Type 1761B
· 10-32 pos. to BNC pos.
· Fluoropolymer jacketed
· Single-axis voltage mode/IEPE sensors
Type 1762B
· 10-32 pos. to 10-32 pos.
· Fluoropolymer jacketed extension cable
· Single-axis voltage mode/IEPE sensors
Type 1768A...K01
· 10-32 pos. to BNC pos.
· Flexible PVC jacketed extension cable
· Single-axis voltage mode/IEPE sensors
Type 1768A...K02
· 10-32 pos. to 10-32 pos.
· Flexible PVC jacketed extension cable
· Single-axis voltage mode/IEPE sensors
* Please refer to data sheet 000-471 for more details. Contact Kistler for any of your
cable needs.
Table 4: Most commonly used cables from Kistler (x = cable
length to be specied in meters)
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Ceramic shear accelerometers
Page 14
5. Installation
5.1 General
For proper operation of Ceramic Shear Accelerometers,
care must be taken during the installation process. Careful
installation will result in optimal high frequency response,
accuracy and reliability. Dimensional characteristics appear
on their respective data sheets.
Type 8714B...
Center hole
accelerometer
Type 8774B...A
Wax or adhesive
mounting
Type 8774B...S
Integral stud
mounting
Type 8776B...A
Wax or adhesive
mounting
Type 8776B...S
Integral stud
mounting
Type 8778A500
Wax or adhesive
mounting
Type 8778A500M14
Adhesive mount, ultra
mini, w/ replaceable
wire pair
Type 8784A5
Stud mounting
Type 8786A5
Stud mounting
Type 8775A...
Block or adhesive
mounting
Type 8740A...
Adhesive or stud
mounting
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Installation
Page 15
5.2 Surface preparation
A clean, at surface is necessary for both stud and adhesive-
mounted accelerometers. If the surface is not completely
at, the coupling between the accelerometer and the test
article introduces distortion into the measurement. A rough
surface creates voids between the mounting surfaces that
reduce high frequency transmissibility. For optimal frequency
response with stud and screw mount units, the surface
and hole preparation should be performed according to the
instructions in Table .... The roughness should not exceed 0.8
micrometers [32 micro inches].
5.3 Stud mounting
Types 8740A..., 8774B...S, 8776B...S, 8784A5, and 8786A5
accelerometers are specically designed for stud mounting.
The 8714B... is furnished with an insulated Type 8430K0(X)
mounting screws. Accelerometer Types 8774B...S and
8776B...S are furnished with a permanent, non-removable
stud. Types 8740A..., 8784A5 and 8786A5 have threaded
mounting holes machined in the base to accept a stud.
Kistler oers optional studs for convenient mounting in holes
other than threaded for 10-32. Most Kistler mounting studs
are machined from beryllium copper for high strength and
low modulus of elasticity, coupled with high elastic limits.
The studs are removable, allowing both stud and adhesive
mounting. The following guidelines must be followed when
stud mounting accelerometers:
1. Drill and tap an adequate hole to ensure a ush mount of
the accelerometer. Make sure the stud does not bottom
out, either in the mounting hole of the test structure or in
the accelerometer base. A chamfer should be machined
at the top of the mounting hole to ensure that the base of
the accelerometer makes full contact with the mounting
surface (see Table 5).
2. Completely clean the surface prior to mounting.
3. Apply a thin coat of silicon grease to both the acclerometer
and the mounting surface.
4. Always use the proper sockets and a torque wrench when
installing accelerometers. Tighten the accelerometer to
a torque of 2 ±0.2 N·m [18 ±2 in-lbs]. Note: For Types
8714B... and 8740A..., tighten the accelerometer to a
torque of 0.7 N·m [6 lbf-in]. DO NOT OVER TIGHTEN.
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Ceramic shear accelerometers
Page 16
Stud type D L1
mm [in]
L2
mm [in]
8402 10-32 UNF 4.0 [0.16] 8.0 [0.31]
8410 10-32 UNF 4.0 [0.16] 8.0 [0.31]
8411 M6 8.0 [0.31] 14.0 [0.55]
8430K01 6-32 5.0 [0.20] 9.0 [0.35]
8430K02 M3 5.0 [0.20] 9.0 [0.35]
Integral 10-32 3.0 [0.11] 6.0 [0.24]
Table 5: Stud mounting preparation
5.4 Direct adhesive mounting
Types 8714B…, 8774B...A, 8776B...A, 8778A500 and
8778A500M14 accelerometers are designed for adhesive
mounting and require no special mounting adapters.
A cyanoacrylate type adhesive, such as Eastman 910 or
Loctite 496 super glue, is recommended. While epoxies can
also be used, cyanoacrylate adhesives provide an extremely
thin bond which provides optimal frequency response. The
surface should be clean, smooth and at in any case.
The operating temperature range for Types 8774B... and
8776B... extends to 100 °C [210 °F] and the Type 8714B…
temperature range extends to 165 °C [330 °F], which may
exceed the capabilities of the adhesive in use. Knowing
the operating temperature of the accelerometer aids in the
appropriate selection of the adhesive. Some adhesives lose
holding force at elevated temperatures. The accelerometer
could fall from the test article and experience a damaging
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Installation
Page 17
shock. Measuring information could be awed if the
accelerometer is not held in close contact to the surface
under study.
When adhesive mounting an accelerometer with a tapped
hole, make certain that no adhesive is allowed to enter the
hole. This could eventually make stud mounting dicult.
Remove the sensor with a manufacturer’s recommended
adhesive solvent. Acetone is eective for the removal of
cyanoacrylate adhesives. Use the proper sized wrench
to loosen the sensor from the adhesive mount. DO NOT
IMPACT!
When removing Types 8774B...A or 8776B...A, make sure
that the adhesive is no stronger than 600 psi when detaching
the sensor. This can be done by either the aforementioned
solvent or by increasing the temperature.
Do not attempt to remove Types 8784A5 and 8786A5 by twis-
ting with a wrench or impacting. Applying torque with a wrench
or other tools will damage the titanium housings. Remove
these accelerometers using a recommended cyanoacrylate
solvent (e.g., Loctite 768), then twist with ngers.
Care should be taken with the small mass and size of Type
8778A500 and M14 version in removal. The supplied wrench
(Type 1378) is provided to minimize the applied shock during
the process.
8714B_002-777e-10.23
Ceramic shear accelerometers
Page 18
5.5 Adapter for adhesive mounting
Type 8740A... comes with a quick locking adhesive mounting
clip Type 800M156. To install the sensor in the clip, use a thin
layer of grease between the sensor surface and clip for the
best frequency response. The sensor is "locked" into place
by turning the sensor in the clip until the sensor edges are
engaged by the clip. Figure 3 illustrates the clip mounting.
The ground isolated clip is adhesively mounted to the test
object.
Figure 3: Type 8740A… with quick locking clip (Sensitive
Axis up)
Type 8775A... uses a special adhesively mounted Delrin
Mounting Block 8475AK01 to allow the sensor to be oriented
in any direction perpendicular to the connector. This special
adapter is best used with Type 1063 Mounting Grease, or
another equivalent substance.
An adhesive mounting pad is recommended when adhesive
mounting stud-mount accelerometers. Depending on the
application, it may be desirable for screw assembly mount
accelerometers. The pad will cause some loss in high
frequency transmissibility and adds mass to the test article.
The pad is manufactured from aluminum with a hard
anodized nish. It should be secured to the test article
surface with an adhesive and then the accelerometer should
be attached to the pad with a stud. In addition to providing
a means of adhesive mounting, the mounting pad provides
ground isolation. Use pad Type 8436 for accelerometer
Types 8774B...S, 8776B...S, 8784A5 and 8786A5. Use pad
Type 8436 and 8430K stud adaptor for Type 8714B..., Use
pad Type 800M158 for Type 8740A.
5.6 Mounting with wax
Bee's wax has been used as a mounting agent for many
years. The provided Petro Wax (Kistler Type 8432 or P/N
P102 from Katt and Associates; P.O. Box 623, Zoar, Ohio
44697, or equivalent) is a good replacement for bee's wax. It
is formulated to provide improved frequency response. Wax
is a good mounting agent for lightweight sensors in temporary
installations where near room temperatures are encountered.
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